Chinese Medicine Diagnostics – Set 1 – Flashcards
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3x characteristics of Wind
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- quick onset - migratory s/s (tremors, twitches) - invades the upper part of the body
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What are the 4 subcategories of external wind?
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External - wind heat - wind cold - wind evil invasion of channels - wind evil skin disease
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What are 2 premises of CMD approaches?
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- inspect exterior to examine interior - the whole is reflected in the part
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What does wind injure?
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Blood and Yin
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What direction does fear make the Qi move?
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Downwards
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What direction does fright make the Qi move?
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Scatters - chaotic
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What 3 Zang is Qi deficiency (Xu) likely to affect?
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SP - poor appetite, lethargy, diarrhoea LU - spontaneous sweat, soft voice, breathless, dislike speaking KI - dizziness (marrow of brain comes from KI, ageing causes loss of balance)
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What are the 6 characteristics of Qi?
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Warming, transporting, transforming, holding (prevents hernia/prolapse), defensive (Wei Qi), nourishing (Ying Qi)
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What differentiates summer heat from fire?
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Summer heat - comes only from outside of body (external influences) Fire - comes from both inside and outside of the body (internal & external influences)
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Give 3 s/s of damp?
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- sluggish, fatigue, odema, heaviness, fluid (ears,eyes,vaginal), distended abdomen, mucous around stool, phlegm - mossy/glossy tongue - slippery pulse
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What differentiates Qi Xu from Yang Xu?
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Yang Xu - cold hands, cold feet, pain that comes on - slow pulse, sometimes tight, purple tongue - slow digestion, stool becomes watery with undigested food (clear food diarrhoea) Qi Xu - shortness of breath, lack of strength - soggy/slippery pulse, pale enlarged tongue - thin stool, sloppy consistency
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Identify s/s associated with heat in the blood
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- thirst - bleeding (strong, red, acute) - rashes (bright red) - restlessness (Shen is disturbed) - tongue: red with no coat - pulse: overflowing, replete, rapid
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State the s/s of Yin Xu and why/how (mechanism) they occur in TCM terms
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s/s - 5 hearts hot - rising fire flush (menopausal/malar flush) - night sweats (during sleep): Wei Qi goes into organs at night & because it's already hot it will exacerbate heat - short lived energy - dry mouth/mild thirst - tongue: cracked, red/Crimson - pulse: superficial, thin, rapid, forceless Why - Xu & empty heat gives a result of excess yang - insufficient yin fluid, lack of nourishment - think not enough water in your car radiator, so car overheats due to lack of water
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What differentiates "gastro-intestinal accumulation" from "food damage" (In exam)
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Gastro-intestinal accumulation - is "worse" (more damaging) - stagnation - lumps in stool - distention & pain - tenesmus (difficulty going to toilet) Food damage - is "least" (less damaging) - diarrhoea - aversion to food - foul smelling flatulence - nausea, belching
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What are the 4 general patterns associated with blood
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- heat - vacuity - haemorrhaging - stasis
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State 4 s/s for exterior vacuity
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- 'moderate' floating pulse (normal rhythm/slippery) - light body ache - low grade fever - persistent sweating
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What is meant by the term direct strike?
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- can only ever be cold - when an external pathogen directly strike an organ - BL, LI, LU, ST, uterus (any organ with an opening to the outside *note* LU is the only Zang organ
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Give s/s of heat exterior
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- skin (exterior) - thirst - fever - sweating - neck pain (due to obstruction in channels) - affects skin and upper body
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Give s/s of heat interior
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- diarrhoea (interior) - bloating - distention abdomen - dull pain (except if a direct strike) - deep pulse
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What is meant by the term "mid stage"
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- Shao Yang - evil simultaneously inside/outside the body - alternating chills and fever (malaria)
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Where are True and False diagnosis signs seen?
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True signs = tongue, pulse False signs = other s/s, skin, complexion, extremities
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TCM diagnosis steps
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1. Differentiate pattern & determine strategy 2. Diagnosis (organ, channel etc) 3. Principle treatment 4. Formula
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Diagnosis patterns by differentiation
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- state of the body - features - causes - hot/cold
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What are the differences between disease (bing) and pattern (zheng)
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Bing/Disease - disease is orientated (eczema: snake skin disease, swollen knee: crane knee wind) - empirical (knowledge passed down by families, symptomatic) - practised by peasant bell ringing doctors (ling Yi) Zheng/Pattern - pattern orientated (spleen Qi vacuity) - theoretical (knowledge from books, scholars texts) - practised by scholar doctors who knew medical philosophy
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What are the 10 different approaches to diagnosis
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1. Eight principles - interior/exterior 2. Viscera (organ) & bowel - 3. Six channel pattern - cold damages 4. Four levels pattern - 5. Three burner/heater - warm disease 6. Disease cause - internal cause 7. Qi & blood pattern - Blood Xu 8. Body fluids pattern - Qi 9. Five phase pattern - Wood 10. Channel & network pattern/collaterals - SP divergent
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What is meant by disease cause pattern id? (Bing Yin Bian Zheng)
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1. Internal causes - seven emotions (joy, sorrow, fear) 2. External causes - six excesses (fire, damp, dryness) 3. Neither internal/external - diet, trauma, trauma, fatigue, blood stasis, phlegm
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What are the seven emotions?
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1. Joy 2. Anger 3. Anxiety 4. Thought 5. Sorrow 6. Fear 7. Fright *note* they all affect the Qi
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What are the six evils/excesses?
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1. Summerheat 2. Fire 3. Wind 4. Damp 5. Dryness 6. Cold
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What are the eight principles?
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Yin - Yang Interior - Exterior Cold - Hot Vacuity - Replere
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What is pain a good sign of?
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Obstruction
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Where does Wei Qi run?
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Outside of the channels underneath the skin
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What are the six evils caused by/ due to?
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- vacuity weakness in the body - insufficient Zheng Qi (upright Qi) - insecure Wei Qi (defence Qi) - abnormal changes in weather at inappropriate times (seasonal weather change) - work and living conditions (damp, unventilated house)
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Where do the six evils enter?
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- skin - mouth - nose *note* they progress to interior patterns
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What are the qualities of Qi?
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- promotes function - warms the body (body cold = loss of Qi) - defensive - containment & upholding - transforming - nourishing - free moving - activating
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What is the difference between Qi and Blood patterns?
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Qi - is transient and is affected first Blood - is chronic and ongoing
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Any imbalance of Qi /Blood causes?
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Stagnation
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Why are collapse of yang and collapse of yin similar?
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They are both stages of shock
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What are three factors of upright Qi struggle?
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- appearance of interior signs - development of cold s/s - appearance of vacuity, of mixed s/s Evil Qi/Jing Qi is depleted and pathogen is moving to the interior
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What are acupoints for Anger
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LR3 GV19 GB13 HT7 (Maciocia)
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What are acupoints for Anxiety
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SP3 LU7 GV24 CV12 BL20 (Maciocia)
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What are acupoints for Sorrow
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LU7 GB24 CV15 HT7 BL13 GV12 (Maciocia)
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What are acupoints for Fear
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KD3 KD4 GV20 HT7 (Maciocia)
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What are acupoints for Fright/Shock
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HT7 GV20 CV15 KD4 (Maciocia) GV26 (CZ)
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An excess (repletion) pattern would display what s/s
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Agitation, forceful/strong pulse and delirious speech
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What are the three characteristics of cold? (diseases evils)
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- generalised or local cold sensation - thin, clear excreta - tendency to develop Qi/Blood stagnation (pain) *note* cold makes pain feel worse/stronger
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What is the nature of cold?
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- congealing - stagnating - governs pain
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What are the s/s and treatment principle for external cold?
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S/S - fever - aversion to cold - no sweating - pain in body & joints - floating, tight pulse TP - warm the channels, dissipate the cold - GB20, BL12, LU7, LI4 - acup, moxa, CHM (Ma Huang, Gui Zhi, Xi Xin)
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What are the s/s and treatment principles for internal cold
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S/S - pain in abdomen - intestinal rumbling (borborygmus) - vomiting & diarrhoea - pulse slow and tight TP - acup, moxa, CHM (Rou Gui, Gan Jiamg, Fu Zi) - GV4, BL23, CV4, CV8, CV12,
