question

Research has found that compared to younger children, older children tend to _______ when engaging in moral reasoning.

answer

use more complex rationalizations

question

Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:

answer

withdrawn-rejected.

question

Stella's parents observed that she has begun to participate in moral arguments on issues of right and wrong. Her matured moral thinking is due to:

answer

concrete operational thinking and peer experience.

question

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Carla is in which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

answer

preconventional

question

What factors determine whether a child is well liked or not?

answer

culture and cohort

question

Alisha's family was experiencing multiple problems, including her mother's illness, her father's loss of employment, and two relatives having moved into their home. Through the stress, her grades remained high and her study skills good. Most likely, Alisha was:

answer

using school achievement as an escape from the stress of home.

question

Why is it so important that children learn a sense of industry or competence?

answer

It provides a crucial defense against emotional problems.

question

According to Freud, which of the following will 8-year-old Sven experience?

answer

repression of his psychosexual needs

question

Research on twins in Sweden found:

answer

conflict itself impacts a child's well-being.

question

Which of the following attributes is typical of school-age children?

answer

Their self-concept becomes more logical and specific.

question

Kristopher is extremely sure of himself. He gets angry when his teachers or friends try to offer him constructive criticism and is extremely impulsive. When he takes a test in school, rather than studying, he bases his answers on "what feels correct." Which of the following statements best explains Kristopher's behavior?

answer

He is lacking in effortful control.

question

By the age of 10, which of the following sentences regarding friendships is true?

answer

Both boys and girls want to have best friends.

question

Because John's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, John is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping him keep his positive attitude?

answer

his circle of friends and their activities

question

Children's "increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control" all contribute to their sense of:

answer

autonomy

question

The best example of an aggressive-rejected child is:

answer

Veru, who is disliked by most childrend because she is so uncooperative

question

Researchers found that if the mothers of monozygotic twins were more negative toward one of their twins, that twin:

answer

become more antisocial

question

Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan's math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that:

answer

genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on some abilities.

question

Two factors that universally interfere with family function in every nation are:

answer

low income and high conflict.

question

Children may struggle to develop moral values if they are slow to develop:

answer

theory of mind.

question

Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a:

answer

blended family

question

Which of the following methods listed in the text is effective in stopping bullying in schools?

answer

using a whole-school strategy

question

The crucial question regarding family structure is:

answer

Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children?

question

Most bullies pick on:

answer

members of their own sex.

question

When using time-out for discipline, the amount of time out recommended is always the same, no matter how old the child is.

answer

African Americans

question

Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she's afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's stage ______ of moral development.

answer

3

question

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her psychosocial conflict of stage four, she will come to view herself as:

answer

inferior

question

One study found that ____ percent of a group of children believed that no child should be excluded from joining a club or team because of gender or race.

answer

98

question

A Hawaiian longitudinal study found that the resilience of poverty-stricken children whose parents were mentally unstable was dependent on:

answer

an easygoing temperament. high IQ. realistic goal orientation, persistence, and learned creativity.

question

According to your text, the most important overall family function is to provide:

answer

love and encouragement

question

Ideally, social comparison helps children to:

answer

value their own abilities

question

During middle childhood, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to:

answer

tell time and have set times for activities. complete more homework assignments take care of pets.

question

___________ cognition, which gives children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about morality.

answer

concrete operational

question

Daily hassles:

answer

can have a cumulative effect on children.

question

The difference in the psychosocial development of young children as compared to that of middle-school children is that:

answer

young children's egocentrism makes them less affected by other children's acceptance or rejection of them.

question

Family income can have a positive or negative effect on the function and structure of the family, but what is important is:

answer

whether or not the income increases stress on the family.

question

Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:

answer

latency

question

According to your text, two-thirds of all U.S. families with school-aged children:

answer

have two parents

question

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children younger than age 18 is referred to as a:

answer

nuclear family

question

A family in which both parents have offspring from earlier relationships is called a(n) ____________ family.

answer

blended family

question

A characteristic of the culture of children is that:

answer

they may spout curses, accents, and slang.

question

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is:

answer

Kohlberg

question

Recent research on shared and nonshared environmental factors and their influence on children's developing temperaments has found that:

answer

parents' attitudes have a direct effect on children's behavior.

question

As friendships change during the school years, children are most likely to:

answer

demand more of their friends

question

Children who move and change neighborhoods in middle childhood:

answer

suffer academically and emotionally.

question

Family structure refers to:

answer

legal and genetic relationships of family members.

question

According to the text, high self-esteem is:

answer

not universally valued nor universally criticized.

question

Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority:

answer

Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.

question

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

answer

aggressive-rejected child.

question

During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:

answer

attempt to master many skills.

question

The type of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called:

answer

postconventional.

question

According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:

answer

low income and high conflict.

question

According to the text, _____ involvement particularly helps African American children in communities rife with social stress and racial prejudice.

answer

church

question

During the ______, Freud believed that children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

answer

latency stage

question

According to Kohlberg, the crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is using is:

answer

the reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma.

question

The term "culture of children" refers to:

answer

the particular habits and styles that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.

Child Psychology- Chapter 13 Review – Flashcards

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