Child Exam 3- Early Childhood – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
the body mass index or BMI is the lowest of the life span at age:
answer
5 and 6
question
the most common disease of young children in developed nations is
answer
early tooth decay
question
Jodee, age 5 insists on having all of the different foods on her plate separated. If the vegetables touch the meat for example, she insists on a clean plate. Jodee's parents are concerned. What advice would you give?
answer
Allow Jodee to grow out of this "just right" obsession
question
the process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called
answer
myelination
question
Kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. this development may be attributed to
answer
growth of the corpus callosum
question
on a cross-country car trip, Anna and Robert asked "are we there yet?" so many times that their mother began covering her ears. The children were exhibiting:
answer
perseveration
question
spotting warning signs of abuse, such as slow weight gain and insecure disorganized attachment is associated with:
answer
secondary prevention
question
gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired:
answer
through a combination of brain maturation and practice
question
an activity that requires fine motor skills is
answer
buttoning a coat
question
the most common cause of death of children in early childhood worldwide is
answer
violence
question
the area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the
answer
limbic system
question
the text refers to research in which the brain scans and hormone measurements were taken from 4-6 yr old children after they were exposed to a fire alarm. Which of the following was one of the conclusions drawn from this research?
answer
some levels of stress hormones improve memory
question
according to statistics regarding substantiated cases of child maltreatment, about 1 out of every _____ children is maltreated each year
answer
80
question
according to the text, which of the following reflects the results of the correlational studies on the rates of obesity in children in NYC in 2004?
answer
there was a negative correlation between family income and obesity
question
in developed nations, which of the following is most likely to be lacking in a child's diet?
answer
calcium, iron, and zinc
question
the specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called
answer
lateralization
question
which is true regarding left-handed people?
answer
their corpus callosums tend to be thicker than those in right-handed people
question
secondary prevention involves:
answer
responding to the first warning signs of a problem
question
which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is intended to limit the damage caused by the injury?
answer
tertiary prevention
question
what is true regarding fine motor skills?
answer
fine motor skills mature about 6 months earlier in girls than in boys
question
the Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which the child thinks about the world only from his perspective is
answer
egocentrism
question
Jake's father is taking him to the barber for his first haircut. At first, jake is excited, but as soon as the barber cuts the first hair, he becomes upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his father's efforts to assure jake his hair will grow back, jake is exhibiting the concept of:
answer
irreversibility
question
4 yr olf Jon is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. Mom cuts Jon's hotdog into 5 pieces and Erin's into 6. "Erin has more than me!" Which ability does Jon not demonstrate yet?
answer
conservation
question
Vygotsky's theory includes the idea of:
answer
young children as "apprentices in thinking"
question
Example of scaffolding?
answer
Miriam helps her son Ben make cookies. She measures all of the ingredients out and places them on the counter in small bowls. She reads the recipe aloud as Ben mixes it all together
question
Preschoolers have a tendency to try to make up a reason why things they see and hear occur. This tendency is known as:
answer
theory-theory
question
which of the following seems to be the main contributing factor that determines whether or not children will pass the tasks to test theory of mind?
answer
neurological maturation
question
because of "fast-mapping", a preschooler:
answer
learns some words after a single exposure to them
question
"I catched two mices in a trap" is an example of
answer
overregularization
question
According to Vygotsky, which capability is demonstrated when young children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient?
answer
overimitation
question
Preoperational intelligence differs from sensorimotor intelligence in that:
answer
it allows children to think symbolically
question
Aaliyah lies in her bed at night talking out loud about her day as if she's talking to another person. What should her parents conclude?
answer
she's engaging in private speech and it's completely normal
question
Example of egocentric behavior according to Piaget?
answer
Julie is lying on the living room floor coloring while her mom is making dinner in the kitchen. Julie asks her mom "What color should I paint this?" while pointing at the flower in her coloring book
question
Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery, Vygotsky attributed it to:
answer
social activities guided by others
question
a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process is:
answer
scaffolding
question
which child will probably learn to count to 30 first?
answer
Bik, who speaks Chinese
question
humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. This is called
answer
theory-theory
question
Kaitlyn, age 4, visited the zoo, pointed to a zebra and said, "Look at the horse with stripes!" She used
answer
logical extension
question
by the age of 2, a child will typically have a vocab of 500 words; by 6, they will typically have a vocab of ______ words
answer
10,000
question
Demetrius's family immigrated to the US from Ukraine. After he attended kindergarten, his parents noticed his English was more fluent than his native language. He was demonstrating:
answer
a language shift
question
Erickson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years is called
answer
initiative vs. guilt
question
Gavin, a 4 yr old, hit his mother when she asked him to clean his room. Gavin is still struggling with
answer
managing his externalizing feelings
question
billy and Rodney are both building with legos but they are sitting apart. What type of play is this?
answer
parallel play
question
the four dimensions of parenting style are warmth, discipline, communication and
answer
expectations for maturity
question
children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are
answer
permissive
question
sara, age 3, seeing a little boy fall and hurt himself, gets a look of concern on her face. she is probably experiencing
answer
empathy
question
in the us, most young children spend more than how many hours per day watching tv or using electronic media?
answer
more than three
question
3 girls start a rumor that 7 yr heather is a bed-wetter who still uses a pacifier. they are demonstrating
answer
relational aggression
question
according to the text, neurological and hormonal effects may make boys more vulnerable to _______ and girls more vulnerable to _______ problems
answer
externalizing; internalizing
question
the presence of imaginary friends positively correlates with an increase in
answer
initiative
question
an angry 5 yr old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed
answer
emotional regulation
question
______ is generally considered a more mature emotion than ____ because the former one comes from within the individual and demonstrates self-awareness
answer
guilt; shame
question
Gilbert is an impulsive child. which is important if he is to develop healthy emotional regulation?
answer
nurturing caregivers
question
an alternative to physical punishment that involves the parent talking to the child and helping the child to understand what he or she did wrong is
answer
induction
question
jill frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests bc she likes the praise and attention she receives. When alone, however, she rarely plays. jill's motivation to play piano:
answer
is mostly extrinsic
question
young kids usually prefer to play with
answer
kids of their own sex
question
when would a time-out be an effective discipline strategy?
answer
if the child prefers to be with other people
question
Diana baumrind is known for her work on
answer
styles of parenting
question
one of the most important ways that children learn to control their aggression is through
answer
play
question
the age group that experiences the most physical punishment is children between the ages of
answer
2-6 yrs
