Chemistry400 – Flashcards
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| Element |
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| Substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances. |
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| Sulfate Ion |
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| SO4, 2- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Nitrate Ion |
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| NO3, 1- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Phosphate Ion |
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| PO4 3- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Calcium |
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| Ca, 2+ Charge |
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| Sodium |
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| Na, 1+ Charge |
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| Potassium |
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| K, 1+ Charge |
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| Lithium |
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| Li, 1+ Charge |
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| Rubidium |
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| Rb, 1+ Charge |
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| Beryllium |
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| Be, 2+ Charge |
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| Magnesium |
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| Mg, 2+ Charge |
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| Strontium |
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| Sr, 2+ Charge |
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| Barium |
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| Ba, 2+ Charge |
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| Flourine |
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| F, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas |
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| Chlorine |
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| Cl, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas |
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| Bromine |
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| Br, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas |
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| Hydrogen |
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| H, 1+ Charge, Diatomic |
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| Oxygen |
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| O, 2- Charge, Diatomic |
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| Nitrogen |
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| N, 3- Charge, Diatomic |
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| Phosphourus |
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| P, 3- Charge, |
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| Sulfur |
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| S, 2- Charge, Diatomic |
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| Bromine |
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| Br, 1- Charge, Diatomic |
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| Iodine |
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| I, 1- Charge, Diatomic |
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| Significant Figures Multiplication and Division Rule |
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| The result carries the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures. |
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| Significant Figures Adding and Subtracting Rule |
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| The result carries the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the fewest decimal places. |
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| Accuracy |
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| refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value. |
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| Precision |
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| refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are |
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| Chemical Formula |
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| Formula with its elements and shows the number of each element |
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| Empirical Formula |
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| Formula of a chemical with the lowest ratio of each element |
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| Ionic Bond |
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| Between Metal and Nonmetal |
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| Covalent Bond |
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| Bond between two or more nonmetals, also called a Molecule |
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| Molecular Element |
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| Molecule of a single type of atom O=O or H-H |
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| Compound |
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| Molecular or Ionic, H2O or NACL |
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| Atomic Elements |
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| Exist in nature with single atom as their basic units |
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| Covalent Compound |
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| Consists of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals, H2O CO2, PO3 |
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| Ionic Compound |
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| Composed of cation and anion bound together by Ionic bonds NaCl, CaCl2, Al2O3 |
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| Molecular Compound and how to name them |
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| Made from two or more nonmetals that are covalently bonded Name first element with number prefix, and name second element with prefix and end with "ide" |
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| Metal Ions and naming them |
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| Monoatomic cations, and named simply by their name, followed by "ion" |
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| Nonmetal Ions and naming them |
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| Normally form monoatomic anions Name the element, and end it with "ide" |
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| Iron (FE) Oxidation states |
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| +2 and +3 or II and III |
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| Lead (PB) Oxidation states |
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| +2 and +4, II and IV |
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| Binary Acid and naming them |
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| Compounds composed of H with another nonmetal Hydro followed by the name of the element ending with "ic" and the word "acid" |
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| Acid |
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| Substance that produces Hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water |
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| Oxyacid and names |
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| Contain Oxygen in addition to Hydrogen and another nonmetal Starting = ___ic one O more = per__ic one O less = ___ous two O less = hypo__ous |
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| Oxyanions names |
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| Contain oxygen with nonmetal, but without a hydrogen Starting = ___ate one O more = per__ate one O less = ___ite two O less = hypo___ite |
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| Polyprotic Acids |
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| Acids that produce multiple protons (H+) |
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| Hydrate |
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| written in the formula as H2O, with the prefix number |
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| Writing Ionic compounds containing a polyatomic ion |
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| Write the unmodified name of the cation, then write the name of the ion, DO NOT USE PREFIXES |
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| Carbonate Ion |
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| CO3 2- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Sulfite Ion |
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| SO3 2- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Nitrite Ion |
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| NO2 1- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Hydroxide Ion |
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| OH 1- Charge, Oxyanion |
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| Hydrogen Carbonate Ion |
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| HCO3 1- Charge, Acid Anion |
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| Hydrogen Sulfide Ion |
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| HS 1- Charge, Acid Anion |
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| Hydrogen Sulfate Ion |
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| HSO4 1- Charge, Acid Anion |
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| Hydrogen Sulfite Ion |
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| HSO3 1- Charge, Acid Anion |
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| Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion |
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| H2PO4 1- Charge, Acid Anion |
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| Chromium(II) Ion |
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| Cr 2+ |
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| Manganese(II) Ion |
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| Mn 2+ |
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| Nickel(II) Ion |
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| Ni 2+ |
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| Copper(II) Ion |
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| Cu 2+ |
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| Zinc Ion |
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| Zn 2+ |
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| Cadmium Ion |
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| Cd 2+ |
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| Mercury(I) Ion |
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| Hg_2 2+ |
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| Mercury(II) Ion |
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| Hg 2+ |
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| Formula Mass/Molecular Mass |
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| Sum of all individual masses making up the formula unit |
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| Molar Mass |
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| The mass in grams of 1 mol of its molecules or formula units Numerically equivalent to its formula mass with the unit being -gram per mole- rather than amu |
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| Mass percent of a formula's element |
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| x (molar mass of element) = -------------------------- X 100 (molar mass of formula) |
