chemistry: valence and molecular compounds – Flashcards
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formed when atoms share electrons
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covalent molecules
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formed when atomic orbitals overlap
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molecule orbitals
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occur at a distance at which the potential energy is at a minimum
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covalent bonds
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the average distance between the atoms
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bond length
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the energy required to break the bond and separate the atom
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bond energy
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when the atoms stop vibrating
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absolute 0
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the tendency of an atom to attract bonding atoms to itself when it bonds to another atom; the measure of how much an atom wants to steal
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electronegativity
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can be predicted by subtracting the electronegative of the two atoms involved in the bond
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bond character
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bonds between atoms with nearly the same electronegativity values; equal share
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nonpolar covalent bond
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two atoms share bonded pairs of electrons, but those electrons are more attracted to one atom than the other; unequal
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polar covalent bonds
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the more electronegative atom seizes all the electrons and becomes a negative ion
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ionic bond
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have a positive and a negative end; dipole
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polar molecules
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the measurement for the strength of the polarity
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dipole moment
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one
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mono
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two
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di
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three
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tri
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four
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tetra
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five
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penta
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six
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hexa
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seven
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septa
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eight
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opta
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nine
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nona
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ten
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deca
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methane
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CH4
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ethane
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C2H6
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propane
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C3H8
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buthane
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C4H10
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pentane
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C5H12
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pexane
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C6H14
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septane
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C7H16
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octane
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C8H18
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nonane
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C9H20
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decane
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C10H22
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atoms with the same number of protons but different number of nuetrons
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isotopes
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the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element
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atomic mass
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(amu x % of 1st isotope)+(amu x % of 2nd isotope)+(amu x % of 3rd isotope)
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average atomic mass calculation
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6.02x10^23
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mole number
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studied quantities of gases and discovered that no matter what the gas was, there were the same number of molecules.
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Amedeo Avagadio
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elements share enough electrons between them when forming covalent bonds
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stable octet
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the mass of a mole
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molar mass
