Chemistry I: Nuclear Chemistry Unit Test – Flashcards
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Which is the most susceptible to damage from ionizing radiation?
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soft tissue
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What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle?
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decreased by 2
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What is the change in atomic number caused by the emission of gamma radiation?
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remains the same
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Which of the following materials is necessary to stop a beta particle?
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thin pieces of wood
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A neutron breaks down to form _________.
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a proton and an electron
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What does the band of stability for atomic nuclei refer to?
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the ratio of neutrons to protons
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What particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction? 222/86 Rn --> 218/84 Po + ________
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4/2 He
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How does an atom with too many neutrons relative to protons undergo radioactive decay?
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by emitting a beta particle
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What particle is needed to complete the following equation? 14/7 N + ____ --> 14/6 C + 1/1 H
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1/0 n
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What is the approximate half-life of uranium-238?
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billions of years
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A reaction in which small nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus is called ______.
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fusion
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What substances are used as moderators in a nuclear reactor?
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carbon and water
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What instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to radiation?
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film badge
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Radioisotopes taken internally for medical reasons ______.
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should have a short-half life
