question

The state of matter with both definite shape and definite volume is a

answer

solid

question

A measure of the amount of space matter occupies is

answer

volume

question

Democritus' view that matter was atomic in nature was

answer

not widely accepted until the 1800s

question

Which component of the atom has a positive charge

answer

proton

question

From the periodic table, which of the following elements is likely to have physical and chemical properties closest to those of Chlorine

answer

Bromine

question

How many electrons are there in the outer shell of Arsenic?

answer

5

question

What would be the most likely formula for barium sulfide?

answer

BaS

question

The alchemists were interested in turning lead into gold by a process called

answer

transmutation

question

The type of bond between atoms in which electrons are lost by one atom and gained by another is called

answer

ionic

question

If fluorine were to form an ion, it would most likely be

answer

F^-1

question

Study of separation and analysis of chemical substances both qualitative and quantitative

answer

Analytical chemistry

question

Substance which is a chemical combination on an atomic level of two or more elements

answer

Compound

question

General truth

answer

law

question

Substance which can not be subdivided into small components by chemical means

answer

Element

question

Study of living things

answer

Biological science

question

Conjective statement

answer

Hypothesis

question

Non-chemical combination of materials separable by physical means

answer

Mixture

question

Study of non-living things

answer

Physical science

question

Study of the physical changes associated with chemical reactions and the dependence of physical properties on chemical composition

answer

Physical chemistry

question

Hypothesis which has been tested and appears to be true

answer

Theory

question

1 m=___ cm

answer

100 cm

question

4.7 L=___ mL

answer

4700 mL

question

360 kg=___ g

answer

360,000 g

question

1 ul=___ L

answer

0.000001 L

question

2300 g=___ Mg

answer

0.002300 Mg

question

2 Mg=___ kg

answer

2000 kg

question

Write in scientific notation
3,000

answer

3 x 10³

question

Write in scientific notation
0.0007

answer

7 x 10^-4

question

Write in scientific notation
70,000,000

answer

7 x 10⁷

question

Write in scientific notation
0.00123

answer

1.23 x 10^-3

question

What is the formula for calculating density

answer

D=m/v

question

It is known that Napoleon at the time of his death suffered from arsenic poisoning.; This was determined by

answer

analysis of hair samples that still exist today

question

What;uses fusion to generate most of their energy

answer

Stars and hydrogen bombs

question

At the instant an atomic bomb detonates the uranium or plutonium goes from

answer

subcritical to supercritical

question

There is no evidence of any substantial amounts of what in our universe

answer

Antimatter

question

In radioactive decay

answer

A proton can change into a neutron and a positron, a neutron can change into a proton and an electron, a proton and an electron can combine to form a neutron, 2 protons and 2 neutrons can be kicked out of the nucleus

question

What technique is appropriate for dating something which contains organic molecules

answer

Carbon-14 dating

question

Two types of atom bombs are

answer

Gun type and implosion type

question

At the temperatures of million of degrees necessary for controlled fusion, the fuel would exist in a fourth state of matter called

answer

Plasma

question

The person who showed that all uranium and thorium compounds are radioactive and then went on to isolate other radioactive elements like radium and polonium from uranium ore was

answer

Marie Curie

question

Carbon-12 and carbon-14 represent a;pair of

answer

isotopes

question

Magnetic confinement and inertial confinement could be used in

answer

controlled fusion reactors

question

Deuterium oxide is also called

answer

Heavy water

question

Graphite can be used in a nuclear reactor as the

answer

Moderator

question

Some countries have built reactors which make more fuel than they consume.; Such reactors are called

answer

Breeder reactors

question

In addition to her work in explaining nuclear fission, Lise Meitner was responsible for the discovery of the element

answer

Protactinium

question

According to the video tape, "The Bomb's Lethal Legacy," residents of the Hanford area may have a higher than normal incidence of thyroid problems due to the release of radioactive

answer

Iodine

question

Nuclear reactors are usually built near a river or ocean so the water can be used to

answer

Cool the steam in the turbine back into liquid water

question

If 400 grams of a radioactive material decays to 25 grams in 10 days, what is its half-life

answer

2.5 days

question

In the equation, E=MC², the M stands for

answer

Mass

question

In 1938, Eruci Fermi received the Nobel Prize in physics for the discovery of

answer

Slow neutrons

question

According to current theory, all of the elements can be built up in stars starting from

answer

Hydrogen

question

Until recently, the U.S. planned for the permanent storage of commercial high level nuclear waste

answer

In a granite mountain in Nevada

question

According to the article "Buried in Ice" the members of the Franklin expedition died while suffering from what kind of poisoning

answer

Lead

question

Positrons and electrons combine to form

answer

Gamma rays

question

Plutonium-238 does not exist in nature but can be made in

answer

Nuclear reactors

question

If there are too many neutrons for the number of protons what type of decay would improve the situation

answer

Beta

question

Geologists can use potassium-argon dating to determine how long it has been since a rock last

answer

Solidified

question

If a star were so dense that the electrons were forced into the nucleus, they would combine with the protons to form

answer

Neutrons

question

An atom can change a proton into a neutron by

answer

Either positron decay or electron capture

question

A process that has been used to separate U-235 from U-238 is

answer

Gaseous diffusion

question

Uranium-235 and uranium-238 undergo a long series of decays ultimately resulting in isotopes of

answer

Lead

question

Krypton has an atomic weight of 83.8.; This is not a whole number because

answer

There is more than one isotope of Krypton found in nature

question

The "Manhattan Project" was the code name for the project to build the first

answer

Atomic bomb

question

The elements with the most stable nuclei are the ones

answer

Near the middle of the periodic chart like iron

question

The fuel used in most nuclear reactors today is

answer

Uranium

question

The idea that the universe began in a huge explosion 13.7 billion years ago is called

answer

The big;bang theory

question

Uranium which contains more uranium-235 than natural uranium is called

answer

Enriched uranium

question

How many cities have been destroyed by nuclear weapons in the history of the world

answer

Two

question

Which type of decay does not change the number of protons or neutrons present

answer

Gamma decay

question

In present nuclear power plants, electricity is generated by a turbine which is turned by

answer

Steam

question

The control rods in nuclear reactors are often made of

answer

Cadmium

question

Radioactive isotopes of iodine are dangerous byproducts of fission which are very hazardous to health because the body will store them in the

answer

Thyroid gland

question

How many neutrons are there in ₁H³
;

answer

Two

question

Radioactivity can be used to

answer

Produce mutations in plants and animals, preserve food, operate small power supplies, treat cancer

question

Plutonium-239 can be produced by neutron bombardment of uranium-238.; Uranium-238 is therefore called a

answer

Fertile fuel

question

A positively charged electron is referred to as a

answer

Positron

question

A star in which gravity is so strong that matter is totally crushed out of existance is called a

answer

Black hole

question

Which of the following is not true of present American electricity producing nuclear reactors

answer

In a severe accident, they might explode with the force of an atom bomb.

question

In nuclear reactors a material is often present to slow down neutrons in order to promote more fissions.; Such a material is called a

answer

Moderator

question

The component of the atmosphere necessary for photosynthesis is

answer

Carbon dioxide

question

Eutrophication is a process by which

answer

A lake is converted to a swamp

question

Water-born diseases like cholera and typhoid have been largely eliminated in the U.S. because of

answer

Chlorination

question

Due to the presence of sulfur oxides, rainfall down wind from highly industrialized areas is likely to be more

answer

Acidic

question

The method of disposal of ordinary garbage which is most used in the U.S. today is

answer

Sanitary landfill

question

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is filtered out before it strikes the earth by

answer

Ozone

question

Scientists have been concerned that continued release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere would

answer

Deplete the ozone layer

question

The air pollutant that sucessfully competes with oxygen for bonding sites on the hemoglobin molecule in the blood is

answer

Carbon monoxide

question

High temperature combustion always produces

answer

Nitrogen oxides

question

Which of the following air pollutants does not contribute to acid rain

answer

Carbon monoxide

question

Secondary pollutants produced in the atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide are

answer

Peroxyacyl nitrates

question

Give three examples of major pollutants produced by the automobile internal combustion engine

answer

Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide

question

Automobiles produced in the U.S. since 1975 produce less carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emmisions that older cars due primarily to

answer

Catalytic converters

question

The most efficient and most expensive method for removal of particulate pollution from smoke stacks is

answer

Electrostatic precipitators

question

If water contains lots of dissolved oxygen, organic materials will undergo

answer

aerobic decay

question

Mercury is a cummulative poison which means it

answer

is difficult for the body to eliminate

question

Runoff from strip mined land is often

answer

Acidic

question

Thermal pollution is waste

answer

Heat

question

Torrey Canyon, Amoco Cadiz, and Exxon Valdez were the names of

answer

Oil tankers

question

Alum and lime are used to

answer

Precipitate suspended particles from water

question

What are three effective ways of killing bacteria in water

answer

Ultraviolet light, ozone, chlorine

question

Secondary sewage treatment is

answer

Biological

question

The process in which air or oxygen is pumped into sewage to aid in decay is called

answer

Activated sludge

question

The worst method of disposal for ordinary household garbage is

answer

Open dump

question

Soap can be made from

answer

Animal fat and lye

question

When mixed with water micelles are produced by

answer

Soaps, ABS detergents, LAS detergents

question

Limestone dissolves in

answer

Acids

question

Calcium, magnesium and iron are examples of

answer

Hard ions

question

Which of the following could be added to hard water to precipitate some of the hard ions

answer

Washing soda

question

One advantage of linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS) detergents over alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) detergents is that they

answer

Are more easily biodegraded

question

Phosphates are often added to detergents as

answer

Builders

question

Enzyme additives seem to be effective in removing

answer

Protein stains

question

The second most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is

answer

Oxygen

question

If a compound is labeled mutagenic, that means it can cause

answer

Mutations

question

Saponification is a process used in

answer

Manufacturing soap

question

Permanent hardness can be removed by

answer

Precipitation with chemicals like washing soda, ion exchange

question

In 1980 Congress passed legislation designed to clean up abandoned or orphan toxic waste site. This legislation is commonly known as the

answer

Superfund

question

Hardness in water is undesirable because it

answer

Precipitates soap

question

Bacteria in the root nodules of legumes like peas and beans can fix (convert to a useable form)

answer

Nitrogen

question

Name three parts of the carbon cycle

answer

Photosynthesis, respiration, decay

question

A 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite can be used in cleaning clothes because it is a

answer

Bleach

question

The agency of the federal government with the primary responsibility for regulating polluters is the

answer

Environmental Protection Agency

question

The videotape "The River Must Live" dealt with

answer

Natural biological processes in streams and sewage treatment

question

A toxic chemical which has been more of a problem in Missouri than any other state is

answer

Dioxin

question

The main reason carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have been going up year after year is

answer

The burning of fossil fuels like natural gas, petroleum and coal

question

The town of Donora, Pennsylvania is somewhat famous because in 1948 it was the site of the worst ____ pollution incident in the U.S.

answer

Air

question

During WWII a group of compounds derived from sulfanilamide were used to fight infections. These were called

answer

Sulfa drugs

question

Chemical substances produced by microorganisms which kill bacteria or inhibit their growth are called

answer

Antibiotics

question

Nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain as

answer

A combination of electrical and chemical signals

question

A class of drugs used in pep pills and diet pills are the

answer

Amphetamines

question

The ultimate effect of over-stimulation of the central nervous system is

answer

Convulsions

question

Opium is a mixture which contains several

answer

Narcotics

question

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural brain neurotransmitters which are mimicked by

answer

Narcotics

question

Name four hallucinogenic drugs

answer

LSD, peyote, STP, PCP

question

Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and arsenic are toxic because they

answer

Tie up enzyme proteins in the body

question

Nerve gases stockpiled by the U.S. and other countries are chemically related to

answer

Organophosphates like Parathion

question

The videotape "The Insect Alternative" suggests insecticides should be used

answer

Only as part of a program of integrated pest management

question

The videotape "The Frozen Addict" dealt with young people who had

answer

Parkinson's disease

question

The videotape "Witch's Curse" suggests children in Salem accused various adults of witchcraft because

answer

They had been poisoned and were hallucinating

question

Drug that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

answer

Agonist

question

A heavy user of a drug requires more to produce a certain effect that a novice

answer

Tolerance

question

Mixture of two drugs which has a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects

answer

Synergism

question

Drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter

answer

Antagonist

question

Heavy use of one drug reduces the effectiveness of similar drugs

answer

Cross-tolerance

question

Organic chemistry was originally defined as the chemistry of

answer

Living things

question

Give an isomer of CH₃-CH₂-CO₂H

answer

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂OH

question

Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only

answer

Carbon and hydrogen

question

There is some concern about releasing aromatic hydrocarbons to the environment because some have been found to be

answer

Carcinogenic

question

Coal, natural gas and petroleum are all

answer

Fossil fuels

question

Propane and butane are major components of

answer

Liquified petroleum gas

question

The octane rating of a given gasoline can be increased by adding

answer

Tetraethyl lead

question

The main element in coal is

answer

Carbon

question

Peat is partially decayed organic matter which if further compressed will eventually produce

answer

Coal

question

Natural gas or gasoline could be made from coal.; It isn't done in the U.S. today because

answer

The economics are not favorable

question

Cotton is a possible starting material for which kind of polymer

answer

Cellulosic

question

Polymers made by opening the double bond in a monomer are

answer

Addition polymers

question

Liquids of low viscosity which are added to polymers to make them more flexible are

answer

Plasticizers

question

In addition to nitrogen, plants need substantial amounts of

answer

Potassium and phosphorus

question

Nicotine, in addition to its use as a recreational drug, has been used as an

answer

Insecticide

question

A lake is sprayed repeatedly with a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide. If this is a cumulative poison, the species likely to have the highest internal levels of the pesticide is

answer

The birds that eat fish that eat crustaceans that eat algae

question

DDT has been useful in fighting diseases such as malaria because

answer

It kills insects like mosquitos which transmit malaria

question

Natural sex attractants are called

answer

Pheromones

question

2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T are

answer

Herbicides

question

The rodenticide warfarin kills rats by

answer

Interfering with the clotting mechanism of their blood

question

Drugs are detoxified in the body by the

answer

Liver

question

A non-aspirin OTC pain reliever could mean

answer

Acetaminophen

question

Used to separate low boiling fractions of petroleum like gasoline from higher boiling ones like kerosene

answer

Crude distillation

question

Changing linear hydrocarbons into branched ones

answer

Catalytic reforming

question

Breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller ones

answer

Cracking

question

Used to separate very high boiling components of petroleum

answer

Vacuum distillation

question

Cross-linking with sulfur

answer

Vulcanization

question

Hooking small molecules together to make bigger ones

answer

Polymerization

question

An essential amino acid is one which

answer

Cannot be manufactured within the body

question

Enzymes necessary for the digestion of the food we eat are found in the

answer

Saliva, small intestine, stomach

question

An example of an over-reaction of the body's immune system is

answer

Allergies

question

The type of RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosomes is

answer

Transfer RNA

question

In the genetics code the number of bases that code for one amino acid is

answer

Three

question

Pure sodium bicarbonate is called

answer

Baking soda

question

High doses of this vitamin cause rats to live longer

answer

Vitamin E

question

This vitamin is necessary for production of clotting proteins

answer

Vitamin K

question

Deposited in bones and teeth

answer

Calcium

question

This vitamin is manufactured in the skin when exposed to sunlight

answer

Vitamin D

question

This vitamin is necessary to prevent scurvy

answer

Vitamin C

question

Helps to harden tooth enamel

answer

Fluorine

question

This vitamin is a complex of several compounds used as coenzymes

answer

Vitamin B

question

Absence of this vitamin causes night blindness

answer

Vitamin A

question

Necessary for the production of thyroid hormones

answer

Iodine

question

Contained in hemoglobin in red blood cells

answer

Iron

question

Polypeptides are short

answer

Proteins

question

The chemical buildup in the cells of the chemicals our body needs is called

answer

Anabolism

question

A group of compounds which serve as very powerful hormones are the

answer

Prostaglandins

question

A complex of lipid and protein in the blood is called a

answer

Lipoprotein

question

Glucose can be stored in the muscles as

answer

Glycogen

question

The type of RNA that contains the code for particular proteins is called

answer

Messenger RNA

question

How many bases are there in the DNA alphabet

answer

Four

question

The transfer of genes from one organism to another is called

answer

Recombinant DNA

question

Myelin is found around

answer

The spinal cord and nerves

question

Traditional birth control pills prevent pregnancy by

answer

Preventing ovulation

question

Chemicals produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen markers on foreign cells

answer

Antibodies

question

Process by which a protein is built from a code in the RNA

answer

Translation

question

Catalysts for biochemical reactions

answer

Enzymes

question

The process by which one RNA molecule is built from a DNA molecule

answer

Transcription

question

The process by which one DNA molecule duplicates itself

answer

Replication

question

Proteins are sometimes cross-linked with

answer

Sulfur

question

Collagen is a

answer

Structural protein

question

The function of insulin is to control the level of

answer

Blood sugar

question

Hemoglobin is an example of a

answer

Transport protein

question

Glucose is produced in plants by a process called

answer

Photosynthesis

question

Protein synthesis takes place

answer

At the ribosomes

question

Phospholipids are used by the body to make

answer

Cell membranes

question

Anabolic steroids are most closely related to

answer

Testosterone

question

Sugars and polymers of sugars

answer

Carbohydrates

question

Polymers composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone with attached organic bases

answer

Nucleic acids

question

Water insuluble compounds such as fats, cholesteral, etc.

answer

Lipids

question

Chemical messengers from one organ to another

answer

Hormones

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