Chemistry CH 18 Acids and Bases – Flashcards
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can turn litmus paper a different color (acids or bases or both or neither)
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both
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reacts with certain metals
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acid
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contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
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acid
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feels slippery
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base
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reacts with carbonates
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acid
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feels rough
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neither
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contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
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neither
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tastes bitter
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base
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tastes sour
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acid
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What model of acids and bases states that an acid contains the element hydrogen and forms ions of hydrogen when it is dissolved in water?
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Arrhenius
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A base contains what group?
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hydroxide
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A base also dissociates to produce ions in aqueous solution. What ions do they produce?
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hydroxide
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According to what model does an acid donate hydrogen ions, and a base accept hydrogen ions?
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Bronsted-Lowry
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In the Bronsted-Lowry Model in an acid-base reaction, each acid has a what?
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Conjugate base
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In the Bronsted-Lowry Model in an acid-base reaction, each base has a what?
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Conjugate acid
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Acid A and acid B are of equal concentration and are tested with a conductivity apparatus. When the electrodes are placed in acid A, the bulb glows dimly. When they are placed in acid B, the bulb glows more brightly. Is acid a or b stronger?
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Acid B is stronger than acid A
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Why is acid b stronger than acid a?
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acid a-the bulb glows dimly acid b-the bulb glows more brightly; Which makes acid be stronger.
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A chemical equation for the ionization of an acid uses a single arrow to the right (-->) to separate the reactant and product sides of the equation. What does this mean for the ionizing acid?
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The ionizing acid is strong.
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Is Sulfuric acid weak or strong?
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strong acid
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Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. What is true about its conjugate base?
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Its conjugate base is weak
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In a solution, a weak acid produces what?
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a mixture of molecules and ions
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Why are K_a values all small numbers?
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the solutions contain a high concentration of un-ionized acid molecules
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What dissociates entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions in a solution?
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a strong base
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In general, compounds formed from active metals, and hydroxide ions are...
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strong bases
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simplest form of the chemical equation for the self-ionization of water
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H_2O (l) H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)
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The equilibrium content expression, K_eq, for this equation
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K_eq= [H+] [OH-]/[H2O]
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The expression for the equilibrium constant for water, K_w
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K_w= [H+] [OH-]
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Why can the concentration of water be ignored in the equilibrium expression for water?
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the concentration of water molecules is essentially constant
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What is the numberical value of K_w at 298 K?
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1.0 x 10^-14
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In solution, if the hydroxide ion concentration increases, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?
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decreases
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[OH-] is greater than...
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1.0 x 10^-7; therefore its a base
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The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of what ion concentration?
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hydrogen
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values for pH range from...
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0 to 14
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Stomach contents can have a pH of 2, which means that they are what?
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acidic
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they hydrogen ion concentration in a solution with a pH of 3 is how many times greater than the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution with a pH of 5?
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100 times greater
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Does the pH of a neutral solution at room temperature equal the pOH of the solution?
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yes
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If the pH of a solution is 3, its pOH is what?
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11
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The pH of a solution with a [H+] of 1x10^-8 is what?
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8
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The pH of a solution with a [OH-] of 1x10^-6 is what?
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8
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Indicator paper can be used to measure the what of a solution?
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pH
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Indicators are substances that are different what depending on the pH of the solution tested?
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colors
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Another way to measure the acidity of the solution is the what?
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pH meter
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what uses electrodes placed in solution to directly read the results?
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pH meter
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a chemical dye that changes color based on the pH of a solution?
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acid-base indicator
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a method for using a neutralization reaction to determine the concentration of a solution?
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titration
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a reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce salt and water?
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neutralization
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a solution of known concentration?
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standard solution
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an ionic product of an acid-base reaction?
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salt
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the point in a titration in which an indicator changes color?
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end point
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the stoichiometric point of a titration?
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equivalence point
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Water and other substances that can act as acids or bases are called?
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amphoteric
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a Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron pair donor?
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Lewis model
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acids that ionize completely
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strong acids
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good conductors of electricity
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strong acids
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pH
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-log [H+]
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pOH
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-log [OH-]
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is a reaction in which an acid and a base in an aqueous solution react to produce salt and water
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neutralization reaction
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the point at which moles of H+ ion from the acid equals moles of OH- ion from the base
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equivalence point
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the anions of the dissociated salt accept hydrogen ions from water or the cations of the dissociated salt donate hydrogen ions to water
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salt hydrolysis
