question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Boiling Point

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Condensation Point

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Melting Point

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Freezing Point

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Malleability

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Ductility

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Colour

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

State

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Solubility

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Crystal Formation

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Conductivity

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Magnetism

answer

Physical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Ability To Burn

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Flash Point

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Behavior In Air

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Reaction With Water

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Reaction With Acids

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Reaction To Heat.

answer

Chemical Property

question

Physical Or Chemical Property :

Reaction to Red & Blue Litmus.

answer

Chemical Property

question

The observe a chemical property you must see a ___________ _______ .

answer

Chemical Change

question

During a chemical reaction, energy is always __________ or _________.

answer

During a chemical reaction, energy is always absorbed or released.

question

During a chemical reaction, __________ is always __________ or _________.

answer

During a chemical reaction, energy is always absorbed or released.

question

What was Aristotle's theory on matter ?

answer

That all mater was composed of fire, earth, water and air.

question

What was Democritus's theory on matter?

answer

Matter was made up of tiny particles, that could not be divided into smaller pieces.

question

Democritus called modern day atoms, _____, meaning ___________.

answer

Democritus called modern day atoms, Atomos, meaning Invisible.

question

__________ was better known and more respected than __________ so although _________'s theory on matter was closer to our theory today, people believed ________'s theory for about 2000 years after __________ & ___________'s theories were brought up in ____BC.

answer

Aristotle was better known and more respected than Democritus so although Democritus's theory on matter was closer to our theory today, people believed Aristotle's theory for about 2000 years after Democritus & Aristotle's theories were brought up in 400BC.

question

Aristotle & Democritus were ________ _____________.

answer

Aristotle & Democritus were Greek Philosophers.

question

Alchemy = Combination of ________ & _________.

answer

Alchemy = Combination of Science & Magic.

question

Mercury was discover through ________ .

answer

Mercury was discover through Alchemy.

question

_______ measured relationships between volume and pressure of gas.

answer

Robert Boyle measured relationships between volume and pressure of gas.

question

Robert Boyle measured relationships between _________ and ___________ of gas.

answer

Robert Boyle measured relationships between volume and pressure of gas.

question

Robert Boyle lived from _____ to _____.

answer

Robert Boyle lived from 1627 to 1691.

question

Antoine Lavoisier lived from _____ to _____.

answer

Antoine Lavoisier lived from 1743 to 1794.

question

Antoine Lavoisier measured the _____ of the substances that _______ together and the substance _______ in many_______ _________.

answer

Antoine Lavoisier measured the masses of the substances that reacted together and the substance produced in many chemical reactions.

question

_________ _________ measured the masses of the substances that reacted together and the substance produced in many chemical reactions.

answer

Antoine Lavoisier measured the masses of the substances that reacted together and the substance produced in many chemical reactions.

question

_________ _________ discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost during a chemical reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass).

answer

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost during a chemical reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass).

question

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither _________ nor _____ during a ________ __________ (Law of Conservation of Mass).

answer

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost during a chemical reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass).

question

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost during a chemical reaction (Law ___ ____________ ___ _____).

answer

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither produced nor lost during a chemical reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass).

question

Antoine Lavoisier was a ________ ___________.

answer

Antoine Lavoisier was a French scientist.

question

The works of _______, _________, ________ & ______ illustrate the role of evidence in the development of the model of the atom.

answer

The works of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr illustrate the role of evidence in the development of the model of the atom.

question

The works of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr illustrate the role of evidence in the ______________ ____ ____ ________ ___ ____ _______.

answer

The works of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr illustrate the role of evidence in the development of the model of the atom.

question

John Dalton lived from _____ - _____.

answer

John Dalton lived from 1766-1844.

question

John Dalton was an ________ ________ & ________.

answer

John Dalton was an English Chemist & Physicist.

question

John Dalton based his model of the atom on experiments he did in _____________ _______ .

answer

John Dalton based his model of the atom on experiments he did in combining elements.

question

John Dalton imagined all atoms were like_____ _____, but they had different _________, like ____, _____, and ________.

answer

John Dalton imagined all atoms were like small spheres, but they had different properties like size, mass and colour.

question

One part of _____ _______ explanation on matter is that all matter is made of small, indivisible particles.

answer

One part of John Daltons explanation on matter is that all matter is made of small, indivisible particles.

question

One part of _____ _______ explanation on matter is that all the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass.

answer

One part of John Daltons explanation on matter is that all the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass.

question

One part of _____ _______ explanation on matter is that atoms of different elements have different properties.

answer

One part of John Daltons explanation on matter is that atoms of different elements have different properties.

question

One part of _____ _______ explanation on matter is that atoms of different elements can combine in specific fixed ratios to form new substances.

answer

One part of John Daltons explanation on matter is that atoms of different elements can combine in specific fixed ratios to form new substances.

question

JJ Thomson lived from _____ - _____ .

answer

JJ Thomson lived from 1856-1940.

question

JJ Thomson's theories suggested that _____ of different ________ contained ________ particles that were _________.

answer

JJ Thomson's theories suggested that atoms of different elements contained smaller particles that were identical.

question

JJ Thomson's model stated that all _____ are made of smaller _________ particles put together in different combinations to make the different ________.

answer

JJ Thomson's model stated that all atoms are made of smaller subatomic particles put together in different combinations to make the different elements.

question

Ernest Rutherford lived from _____ - _____.

answer

Ernest Rutherford lived from 1871-1937.

question

___ ________ & ______ _______ worked together in England.

answer

JJ Thomson & Ernest Rutherford worked together in England.

question

Ernest Rutherford did research at _______ University in Montreal.

answer

Ernest Rutherford did research at McGill University in Montreal.

question

Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment that lead to the discovery of the ________ of the _____.

answer

Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment that lead to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom.

question

_______ ___________ performed an experiment that lead to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom.

answer

Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment that lead to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom.

question

_______ ___________ came up with the bowling ball, tissue paper reference.

answer

Ernest Rutherford came up with the bowling ball, tissue paper reference.

question

__________ received the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1908.

answer

Rutherford received the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1908.

question

Rutherford received the Noble Prize in Chemistry in _____ .

answer

Rutherford received the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1908.

question

Neils Bohr lived from ____ - ____ .

answer

Neils Bohr lived from 1885-1962.

question

Neils Bohr was a ______ _______.

answer

Neils Bohr was a Danish Physicist.

question

Neils Bohr worked under __________.

answer

Neils Bohr worked under Rutherford.

question

Neils Bohr's experiments partly explained why the _________ charged electrons do not merge with the __________ charged nucleus. Why is this ?

answer

Neils Bohr's experiments partly explained why the negatively charged electrons do not merge with the positively charged nucleus. This is because electrons can not fall below the lowest energy level.

question

An ________ can not fall into a _____ under normal circumstances.

answer

An electron can not fall into a nucleus under normal circumstances.

question

Todays model of the atom is based on a theory called ________ __________.

answer

Todays model of the atom is based on a theory called Quantum Mechanics.

question

Our current model of an atom can change in the future as scientists learn more about ___ ______ and ____________ _______.

answer

Our current model of an atom can change in the future as scientists learn more about the atom and subatomic particles.

question

There are ____ elements.

answer

There are 113 elements.

question

___ naturally occurring elements.

answer

90 naturally occurring elements.

question

___ synthetic elements.

answer

25 synthetic elements.

question

All the elements can be divided into 3 groups; ______, _______, _________.

answer

All the elements can be divided into 3 groups; metals, non-metals & metalloids.

question

Most elements are ______.

answer

Most elements are metals.

question

Metals are ________ and _______.

answer

Metals are malleable and ductile.

question

___ elements are non-metals.

answer

17 elements are non-metals.

question

Some metalloids conduct electricity, but _____ ____ _____ .

answer

Some metalloids conduct electricity, but not very well.

question

An atom is about _____ in diameter.

answer

An atom is about 10^-10 in diameter.

question

The three kinds of subatomic particles are; _________, ________ & ________.

answer

The three kinds of subatomic particles are; electrons, protons & neutrons.

question

Electrons are __________ charged particles.

answer

Electrons are negatively charged particles.

question

Protones are __________ charged particles.

answer

Protons are positively charged particles.

question

Neutrons are __________ charged particles.

answer

Neutrons are neutral particles.

question

Protons & Neutrons are gathered together in the _______.

answer

Protons & Neutrons are gathered together in the nucleus.

question

________ & ________ are gathered together in the nucleus.

answer

Protons & Neutrons are gathered together in the nucleus.

question

Protons & Neutrons account for more than ____% of the total mass of an atom.

answer

Protons & Neutrons account for more than 99.9% of the total mass of an atom.

question

________ & ________ account for more than 99.9% of the total mass of an atom.

answer

Protons & Neutrons account for more than 99.9% of the total mass of an atom.

question

Electrons account for over ____% of an atom.

answer

Electrons account for over 99.9% of an atom.

question

________ account for over 99.9% volume of an atom.

answer

Electrons account for over 99.9% volume of an atom.

question

The number of electrons that can exist in the different energy levels varies.

answer

question

The number of electrons that can exist in the different energy levels (doesn't vary/varies).

answer

The number of electrons that can exist in the different energy levels varies.

question

The lowest energy level is the one (closest to/farthest from) the nucleus.

answer

The lowest energy level is the one closest to the nucleus.

question

An energy level can be _____, _____ ______ or ________ _____.

answer

An energy level can be empty, partly filled or completely filled.

question

_______ ; ________ are attracted to each other because they have different charges. This means that ____ can not collapse.

answer

Electrons ; Protons are attracted to each other because they have different charges. This means that atoms can not collapse.

question

The atomic number of a element indicates the number of _____ it has .

answer

The atomic number of a element indicates the number of protons it has.

question

The elements in a period are arranged according to ________ ______ _______.

answer

The elements in a period are arranged according to increasing atomic number.

question

As you move from left to right in a period, each element has one more _______ in its atom.

answer

As you move from left to right in a period, each element has one more protons in its atom.

question

To help distinguish between the isotopes of an element, each isotope is given a number called the ____ _______.

answer

To help distinguish between the isotopes of an element, each isotope is given a number called the mass number.

question

The mass number is an integer equal to the total number of ______ & ________ in the ________ of an atom.

answer

The mass number is an integer equal to the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

question

Why aren't electrons included in mass number?

answer

Electrons aren't included in mass number because their mass is too small.

question

You can determine the number of neutrons in an atom by __________ the atomic number from the _____ number.

answer

You can determine the number of neutrons in an atom by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

question

_____________
ELEMENT SYMBOL.
_____________.

answer

mass number
ELEMENT SYMBOL
atomic number.

question

The atomic molar mass is the average mass of that specific _________.

answer

The atomic molar mass is the average mass of that specific isotope.

question

Isotopes of the same element (do/do not) have the same mass.

answer

Isotopes of the same element do not have the same mass.

question

In general, atoms are neutral, so the number of________ in an atom equals the number of _________.

answer

In general, atoms are neutral, so the number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons.

question

Why don't isotopes of the same element have the same mass?

answer

Because each isotope has a different number of neutrons in its nucleus.

question

The process of gaining or losing electrons is called __________.

answer

The process of gaining or losing electrons is called ionization.

question

The result of ionization is the formation of an ____.

answer

The result of ionization is the formation of an ion.

question

An ion is an __________ charged atom or group of atoms.

answer

At ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

question

Positively charged ions are called ______.

answer

Positively charged ions are called cations.

question

Most cations form when metal atoms _____ ________. When a cation is forming, the ____ ________ usually move to another atom. Electrons are _________ charged. When they leave an atom, the ion that remains is positively charged because it now has more _________ than _________.

answer

Most cations form when metal atoms lose electrons. When a cation is forming the lost electrons usually move to another atom. Electrons are negatively charged. When they leave an atom, the ion that remains is positively charged because it now has more protons than electrons.

question

An ions ______ is sometimes shown as a superscript after the atomic symbol.

answer

An ions charge is sometimes shown as a superscript after the atomic symbol.

question

Negatively charged ions are called ______.

answer

Negatively charged ions are called anions. (THINK ONIONS).

question

Most anions from when non-metals ____ _(#)_ ________.

answer

Most anions from when non-metals gain two electrons.

question

Most ion formation takes place when ______ & _________ form ionic compounds.

answer

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form ionic compounds.

question

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form _____ __________.

answer

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form ionic compounds.

question

Metal atoms tend to form cations by losing electrons to non-metals, which form ______.

answer

Metal atoms tend to form cations by losing electrons to non-metals, which form anions.

question

Atoms gain or lose electrons so that they have the same number of electrons as the nearest _____ ____. This makes them more ______.

answer

Atoms gain or lose electrons so that they have the same number or electrons as the nearest noble gas. This makes them more stable.

question

In chemistry, becoming more stable means becoming less _______.

answer

In chemistry, becoming more stable means becoming less reactive.

question

The elements in the same group or family on the periodic table have similar _______ & ________ ________. One of these properties is reactivity.

answer

The elements in the same group or family on the periodic table have similar physical & chemical properties. One of these properties is reactivity.

question

An element reactivity is related to the number of _______ in its outer energy level.

answer

An element reactivity is related to the number of electrons in its outer energy level.

question

Elements are most stable when they have _______ outer energy levels.

answer

Elements are most stable when they have filled outer energy levels.

question

The process of gaining or losing electrons is called __________.

answer

The process of gaining or losing electrons is called ionization.

question

The result of ionization is the formation of an ____.

answer

The result of ionization is the formation of an ion.

question

An ion is an __________ charged atom or group of atoms.

answer

At ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

question

Positively charged ions are called ______.

answer

Positively charged ions are called cations.

question

Most cations form when metal atoms _____ ________. When a cation is forming, the ____ ________ usually move to another atom. Electrons are _________ charged. When they leave an atom, the ion that remains is positively charged because it now has more _________ than _________.

answer

Most cations form when metal atoms lose electrons. When a cation is forming, the lost electrons usually move to another atom. Electrons are negatively charged. When they leave an atom, the ion that remains is positively charged because it now has more protons than electrons.

question

An ions ______ is sometimes shown as a superscript after the atomic symbol.

answer

An ions charge is sometimes shown as a superscript after the atomic symbol.

question

Negatively charged ions are called ______.

answer

Negatively charged ions are called anions. (THINK ONIONS).

question

Most anions from when non-metals ____ _(#)_ ________.

answer

Most anions from when non-metals gain two electrons.

question

Most ion formation takes place when ______ & _________ form ionic compounds.

answer

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form ionic compounds.

question

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form _____ __________.

answer

Most ion formation takes place when metals & non-metals form ionic compounds.

question

Metal atoms tend to form cations by losing electrons to non-metals, which form ______.

answer

Metal atoms tend to form cations by losing electrons to non-metals, which form anions.

question

Atoms gain or lose electrons so that they have the same number of electrons as the nearest _____ ____. This makes them more ______.

answer

Atoms gain or lose electrons so that they have the same number or electrons as the nearest noble gas. This makes them more stable.

question

In chemistry, becoming more stable means becoming less _______.

answer

In chemistry, becoming more stable means becoming less reactive.

question

Recall the elements in the same group or family on the periodic table have similar _______ & ________ ________. One of these properties is reactivity.

answer

Recall the elements in the same group or family on the periodic table have similar physical & chemical properties. One of these properties is reactivity.

question

An element reactivity is related to the number of _______ in its outer energy level.

answer

An element reactivity is related to the number of electrons in its outer energy level.

question

Elements are most stable when they have _______ outer energy levels.

answer

Elements are most stable when they have filled outer energy levels.

question

Noble gases are very _____.

answer

Noble gases are very stable.

question

Noble gases neither gain nor lose _______.

answer

Noble gases neither gain nor lose electrons.

question

Elements become more stable when they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level as the nearest _______ _____ does.

answer

Elements become more stable when they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level as the nearest noble gas does.

question

The electrons in the outer energy level are called _______ _______.

answer

The electrons in the outer energy level are called valence electrons.

question

The tendency to gain or lose electrons is sometimes called _________.

answer

The tendency to gain or lose electrons is sometimes called valency.

question

The term _______ _______ is commonly used to describe the number of electrons an element can gain or lose to combine with other elements.

answer

The term valence number is commonly used to describe the number of electrons an element can gain or lose to combine with other elements.

question

Elements in the same family have the same number of _________ electrons. This results in similar chemical properties.

answer

Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons. This results in similar chemical properties.

question

From left to right across a period, atoms gain one ________ _________ (and one proton) with each new element.

answer

From left to right across a period, atoms gain one valence electron (and one proton) with each new element.

question

Within a period, electrons are always added to the same _______ level.

answer

Within a period, electrons are always added to the same energy level.

question

An element in the second period has electrons in ___ energy levels, and an element in the third period has electrons in ____ energy levels.

answer

An element in the second period has electrons two energy levels, and an element in the third energy level has electrons in three energy levels.

question

The period number indicates the number of _______ ______ ____.

answer

The period number indicates the number of occupied energy levels.

question

Another way to understand the patterns by which atoms gain or lose electrons is to look at their ______ ______.

answer

Another way to understand the patterns by which atoms gain or lose electrons is to look at theirs energy levels.

question

All of the _____ _____ have filled energy levels.

answer

All of the noble gases have filled energy levels.

question

Atoms tend to gain or lose _______ so that they end up with completely ______ energy levels.

answer

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons so that they end up with completely filled energy levels.

question

What is another name for the Octet Rule ?

answer

The Rule of Eight.

question

What is another name for The Rule of Eight ?

answer

The Octet Rule

question

The ______ _____ states that atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in their valence energy level.

answer

The Octet Rule states that atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in their valence energy level.

question

The Octet Rule states that atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in their ________ _______ ______.

answer

The Octet Rule states that atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in their valence energy level.

question

The Octet Rule is just another way of saying that atoms tend to be stable with ____ outer energy levels.

answer

The Octet Rule is just another way of saying that atoms tend to be stable with full outer energy levels.

question

The ______ ____ is just another way of saying that atoms tend to be stable with full outer energy levels.

answer

The Octet Rule is just another way of saying that atoms tend to be stable with full outer energy levels.

question

You can figure out an element's ______ or _______ by looking for the octet.

answer

You can figure out an element's charge or valence by looking for the octet.

question

You can figure out an element's charge or valence by looking for the _____.

answer

You can figure out an element's charge or valence by looking for the octet.

question

The exceptions of the octet rule are _______, _________ & _________. They each need only two ________ in their valence energy levels because their nearest noble gas, helium, has two electrons.

answer

The exceptions of the octet rule are hydrogen, lithium & beryllium. They each need only two electrons in their valence energy levels because their nearest noble gas, helium, has two electrons.

question

The exceptions of the octet rule are hydrogen, lithium & beryllium. They each need only two electrons in their valence energy levels because their nearest noble gas, _______, has two electrons.

answer

The exceptions of the octet rule are hydrogen, lithium & beryllium. They each need only two electrons in their valence energy levels because their nearest noble gas, helium, has two electrons.

question

All metals tend to lose electrons to become more stable, but it is difficult for atoms to lose more than about _____ electrons. This is because every time an electron is lost, the remaining electrons are held more closely by the _______. Predicting the number of electrons transition metals will lose is difficult.

answer

All metals tend to lose electrons to become more stable, but it is difficult for atoms to lose more than about three electrons. This is because every time an electron is lost, the remaining electrons are held more closely by the nucleus. Predicting the number of electrons transition metals will lose is difficult.

question

When consulting the period table for the ion charge of an element, the ______ charge is the most common.

answer

When consulting the period table for the ion charge of an element, the first charge is the most common.

question

Who is responsible for naming compounds?

answer

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

question

What does IUPAC stand for?

answer

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

question

_____ is used for electrical messaging in our bodies. Salt conducts the electrical signals in our nerves because it forms ____.

answer

Salt is used for electrical messaging in our bodies. Salt conducts the electrical signals in our nerves because it forms ions.

question

Salt belongs to a class of substances called ____ _______.

answer

Salt belongs to a class of substances called ionic compounds.

question

Ionic compounds form when ________ transfer from one atom to another.

answer

Ionic compounds form when electrons transfer form one atom to another.

question

The two kinds of ions group together in an organized array called ______ _______.

answer

The two kinds of ions group together in an organized array called crystal lattice.

question

The most stable atoms have ____ ______ _____ ______.

answer

The most stable atoms have full outer energy levels.

question

When sodium transfers an electron to ______, sodium's energy level is now full. When _______ receives the electron, its outer energy level is also now full. This type of bonding in called _____ bonding.

answer

When sodium transfers an electron to chlorine, sodium's energy level is now full. When chlorine receives the electron, its out energy level is also now full. This type of bonding is called ionic bonding.

question

Ionic bonds form between atoms of _____ and _________.

answer

Ionic bonds form between atoms of metals and non-metals.

question

Ionic compounds are all _____ at room temperature.

answer

Ionic compounds are all solid at room temperature.

question

Ionic compounds tend to ______ in water, although some do so better than others.

answer

Ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water, although some do so better than others.

question

Solutions of ionic compounds always _______ _________.

answer

Solutions of ionic compounds always conduct electricity.

question

All names of ionic compounds have ___ parts, because all ionic compounds are made from ___ parts.

answer

All names of ionic compounds have two parts, because all ionic compounds are made from two parts.

question

Every ionic compound is made up of a ____ (positive) and an ______ (negative).

answer

Every ionic compound is made up of a cation (positive) and an anion (negative).

question

The naming rule of ionic compounds is;
1) Name the ____ first by using the element's name. (Usually a metal ion).
2) Name the _____ second by using the first part of the element's name and changing the last part to "-ide." (The anion is usually a non-metal ion.)

Ex. Sodium+Chlorine = ________ _______.

answer

The naming rule of ionic compounds is;
1) Name the cation first by using the element's name. (Usually a metal ion).
2) Name the anion second by using the first part of the element's name and changing the last part to "-ide." (The anion is usually a non-metal ion.)

Ex. Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride.

question

The formula of an ionic compound contains element symbols that identify each type of ___ present. In some formulas, the symbols are followed by subscript numbers that indicate the ratio of ions in the compound.

answer

The formula of an ionic compound contains element symbols that identify each type of ion present. In some formulas, the symbols are followed by subscript numbers that indicate the ratio of ions in the compound.

question

The _______ ____ is the smallest amount of a substance with the composition shown by the chemical formula. It consists of cations and anions in the smallest whole-number ratio that results in a neutral unit in the crystal lattice of a compound. If there are no subscripts, assume that the compound has ___ cation and ___ anion.

answer

The formula unit is the smallest amount of a substance with the composition shown by the chemical formula. It consists of cations and anions in the smallest whole-number ratio that results in a neutral unit in the crystal lattice of a compound. If there are no subscripts, assume that the compound has one cation and one anion.

question

All ionic compounds are composed of an _____ number of positive and negative charges. Meaning the total charge of the ______ must equal the total charge of the _____.

answer

All ionic compounds are composed of an even number of positive and negative charges. Meaning the total charge of the anions must equal the total charge of the cations.

question

In some compounds the cation has a charge of 1+ and the anion has a charge of 1-. Why does this happen?

Ex. Na^+ + Cl^- = NaCl.

answer

This happens because there has been a transfer of electrons between the atoms.

Ex. Na^+ + Cl^- = NaCl.

question

Al^3+ + Cl ^- =AlCl^^3

What is the Al:Cl Ratio ?

answer

Al^3+ + Cl ^- =AlCl^^3

The Al:Cl ratio is 1:3 because you need 3 atoms of Aluminum for 1 atom of Chloride.

question

The method of lowest common multiple is another way of determining the correct formula for an _____ _______.

1) Find the lowest common multiple of the charges for the two ions.
2) Divide by the combining capacity of one ion to get the correct subscript for that ion.
3) Repeat the process for the other ion.
This process ensures that the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges, so the formula unit is electrically neutral.

answer

The method of lowest common multiple is another way of determining the correct formula for an ionic compound.

1) Find the lowest common multiple of the charges for the two ions.
2) Divide by the combining capacity of one ion to get the correct subscript for that ion.
3) Repeat the process for the other ion.
This process ensures that the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges, so the formula unit is electrically neutral.

question

Steps for writing formulas for Ionic Compounds.

1) Identify the ___ & their ______.
2) Determine the total ______ needed to balance.
3) Note the ratio of _____:______.
4) Use subscript to write the formula if needed.

answer

Steps for writing formulas for Ionic Compounds.

1) Identify the ions & their charges.
2) Determine the total charges needed to balance.
3) Note the ratio of cations to anions.
4) Use subscripts to write the formula, if needed.

question

TRUE or FALSE.
Some metals have more than one stable ion.

answer

TRUE.

question

Elements with more than one stable ion are called ___________ elements.

answer

Elements with more than one stable ion are called multivalent elements.

question

Ionic compounds containing multivalent elements must have _____ ________ in their names to indicate which ion is forming that compound. They are written in brackets after the element to indicate the charge.

Ex. Chromium is multivalent, so chromium(III) sulfide indicates that Cr^3+ ion forms that compound.

answer

Ionic compounds containing multivalent elements must have Roman numerals in their names to indicate which ion is forming that compound. They are written in brackets after the element to indicate the charge.

Ex. Chromium is multivalent, so chromium(III) sulfide indicates that Cr^3+ ion forms that compound.

question

Why aren't Roman Numerals used in formulas ?

answer

Because you can figure out the charge on the ion by looking at the formula.

question

You can use the ______ charge to find the _______ charge when the cation is __________.

answer

You can use the anions charge to find the cations charge when the cation is multivalent.

question

The Roman numeral is needed only if the metal element is __________.

answer

The Roman numeral is need only if the metal element is multivalent.

question

The ________ _____ will tell you if an element is multivalent.

answer

The Periodic Table will tell you if an element is multivalent.

question

Some ions are made up of several non-metallic ______ joined together. These are called ____________ _____.

answer

Some ions are made up of several non-metallic atoms joined together. These are called polyatomic ions.

question

Poly means ____.

answer

Poly means many.

question

Polyatomic Ions usually move through chemical reactions _______.

answer

Polyatomic Ions usually move through chemical reaction intact.

question

The correct way to show polyatomic ions is by writing the formula with its ___ ______.

answer

The correct way to show polyatomic ions is by writting the formula with its ion charge.

question

What are the two most common suffixes used in naming polyatomic ions ?

answer

"-ate" and "ite".

question

____ means more oxygen atoms are part of the ion.

answer

"-ate" means more oxygen atoms are part of the ion.

question

____ means less oxygen atoms are part of the ion.

answer

"-ite" means less oxygen atoms are part of the ion.

question

Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions.

1) Name the _______.
2) Name the _______.
3) You do not need to change the ending of a polyatomic ion's name.

answer

Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions.

1) Name the cation.
2) Name the anion.
3) You do not need to change the ending of a polyatomic ion's name.

question

Methane is the chemical name for _________ ____.

answer

Methane is the chemical name for natural gas.

question

A _________ forms when two or more non-mettalic atoms bond together. It can be made up of atoms of different elements or of atoms of all the same element.

answer

A molecule forms when two or more non-mettalic atoms bond together. It can be made up of atoms of different elements or of atoms of all the same element.

question

The formula unit of an ______ ________, represents a ratio of ions in a crystal lattice.

answer

The formula unit of an ionic compound, represents a ratio of ions in a crystal lattice.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

A formula is an independent unit.

answer

FALSE

A formula is not an independent unit, it is just one part of a crystal lattice.

question

_________ are independent units made up of fixed numbers of atoms bonded together.

answer

Molecules are independent units made up of fixed numbers of atoms bonded together.

question

Molecular substances can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature, unlike _____ _________.

answer

Molecular substances can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature, unlike ionic compounds.

question

In general are molecular substances good conductors of electricity ?

answer

No, molecular substances tend to be poor conductors of electricity, even in solution.

question

In general, do molecular substances tend to dissolve in water well ?

answer

No, many molecular substances do not dissolve in water well.

question

The atoms in a molecule are joined together by ________ _____.

answer

The atoms in a molecule are joined together by covalent bonds.

question

How do covalent bonds form ?

answer

Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.

question

Each pair of shared _________ forms one covalent bond.

answer

Each pair of shared electrons forms one covalent bond.

question

Are atoms transferred from one atom to another in covalent bonds ?

answer

No.

question

Are atoms transferred from one atom to another in ionic bonds ?

answer

Yes.

question

Nitrogen is known as a _________ ______ because it forms molecules made up of only one type of atom. Its molecules are _________.

answer

Nitrogen iss known as a molecular element because it forms molecules made up of only one type of atom. Its molecules are diatomic.

question

________ means that each molecule is composed of only two atoms.

answer

Diatomic means that each molecule is composed of only two atoms.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

Some elements form polyatomic molecules.

answer

TRUE

Some elements form polyatomic molecules.

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

C

answer

Monatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

Noble Gases

answer

Monatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

All metals.

answer

Monatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

H?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

N?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

O?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

F?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

Cl?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

Br?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

I?

answer

Diatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

O?

answer

Polyatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

P?

answer

Polyatomic

question

Monatomic, Diatomic or Polyatomic ?

S?

answer

Polyatomic

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

mono

answer

1

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

di

answer

2

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

tri

answer

3

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

tetra

answer

4

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

penta

answer

5

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

hexa

answer

6

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

hepta

answer

7

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

octa

answer

8

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

ennea (nona)

answer

9

question

What number does this prefix stand for ?

deca

answer

10

question

A binary compound contains ___ elements.

answer

A binary compound contains two elements.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

All binary compounds contain hydrogen.

answer

FALSE

Some binary compounds contain hydrogen, and some do not.

question

For molecules, Greek prefixes are used to indicate how many ______ of each ________ are present in the compound.

answer

For molecules, Greek prefixes are used to indicate how many atoms of each element are present in the compound.

question

Any compound that does not have a metal or an ammonium ion in its formula is ________.

answer

Any compound that does not have a metal or an ammonium ion in its formula is molecular.

question

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

_______ + first element followed by prefix + second element ending in "-ide".

answer

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

prefix + first element followed by prefix + second element ending in "-ide".

question

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

prefix + ______ _______ _______ ___ _______ + second element ending in "-ide".

answer

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

prefix + first element followed by prefix + second element ending in "-ide".

question

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

prefix + first element followed by prefix + ________ ________ ________ ___ _____.

answer

Format for naming binary molecular compounds not containing hydrogen is :

prefix + first element followed by prefix + second element ending in "-ide".

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

CO (g)

answer

Carbon monoxide

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

SO? (g)

answer

Sulfer dioxide

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

CS? (g)

answer

Carbon disulfide

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

N?O? (g)

answer

Dinitrogen trioxide

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

CCl?

answer

Carbon tetrachloride

question

What is the name of this Binary Molecular Compound ?

P?0??

answer

Tetraphosphorus decaoxide

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

H?O

answer

Water

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

H?O?

answer

Hydrogen Peroxide

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

NH?

answer

Ammonia

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

C??H??O??

answer

Sucrose

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

CH?

answer

Methane

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

C?H?

answer

Propane

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

CH?OH

answer

Methanol

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

C?H?OH

answer

Ethanol

question

What is the IUPAC name for this formula ?

H?S

answer

Hydrogen Sulfide

question

TRUE OR FALSE

Many important compounds are not ionic.

answer

TRUE

Many important compounds are not ionic.

question

Water, methane, wax, caffeine & glucose are all __________ ________.

answer

Water, methane, wax, caffeine & glucose are all molecular compounds.

question

Ionic compounds always contain _______ ; _________.

answer

Ionic compounds always contain cations ; anions.

question

You can recognize an ionic compound by inspecting its formula, and noting the presence of a ________.

answer

You can recognize an ionic compound by inspecting its formula, and noting the presence of a cation.

question

Ionic compounds have ____ melting points.

answer

Ionic compounds have high melting points.

question

The attractions between the cation and the anions in a solid ionic compound are so strong that the ions are held in the tight, highly organized ______ _______. A ______ amount of energy must be added in the form of _____ before the ions can begin to move past each other in the liquid state.

answer

The attractions between the cation and the anions in a solid ionic compound are so strong that the ions are held in the tight, highly organized crystal lattice. A high amount of energy must be added in the form of heat before the ions can begin to move past each other in the liquid state.

question

When a crystal is hit, positive ions lines up with each other, and negative ions line up with each other causing the crystal to break into a perfectly ____ ________. Ionic compounds retain their crystal shape.

answer

When a crystal is hit, positive ions lines up with each other, and negative ions line up with each other causing the crystal to break into a perfectly flat surface. Ionic compounds retain their crystal shape.

question

All ionic compounds dissolve in water to some extent because both cations and anions are strongly attracted to water molecules. This occurs because each water molecule is _______.

answer

All ionic compounds dissolve in water to some extent because both cations and anions are strongly attracted to water molecules. This occurs because each water molecule is polar.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

When an ionic crystal is placed in water, some ions on the surface of the undissolved crystal are attracted into the water.

answer

TRUE.

When an ionic crystal is placed in water, some ions on the surface of the undissolved crystal are attracted into the water.

question

Are solutions containing ionic compounds good conductors of electricity ?

answer

Yes, solutions containing ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity, unlike pure water, which has almost no conductivity.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

The greater the concentration of ions in solution, the less conductive the solution is.

answer

FALSE.

The greater the concentration of ions in solution, the more conductive the solution is.

question

Solutions of ionic compounds are considered to be excellent ____________.

answer

Solutions of ionic compounds are considered to be excellent electrolytes.

question

An electrolyte is any solution that can conduct ___________.

answer

An electrolyte is any solution that can conduct electricity.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

If a solution does not contain ions, it will not conduct.

answer

TRUE.

If a solution does not contain ions, it will not conduct.

question

A substance that dissolves well is considered to be very ________.

answer

A substance that dissolves well is considered to be very soluble.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

A chemical formula would be followed by the subscript (aq) when it's in solution.

answer

TRUE.

A chemical formula would be followed by the subscript (aq) when it's in solution.

question

Are Alkali metals are very soluble ?

answer

Yes.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Most compounds that contain chloride ions are soluble, with a few exceptions.

answer

TRUE.

Most compounds that contain chloride ions are soluble, with few exceptions.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Most phosphates and carbonates are very soluble.

answer

FALSE.

Most phosphates and carbonates are only slightly soluble.

question

Sometimes, when ionic solutions are mixed they form a _________.

answer

Sometimes, when ionic solutions are mixed they form a precipitate.

question

A precipitate is a solid with low solubility that forms a __________.

answer

A precipitate is a solid with low solubility that forms a solution.

question

Precipitates may form when solutions of two different ______ compounds are mixed.

answer

Precipitates may form when solutions of two different ionic compounds are mixed.

question

___________ is the process involved in forming a precipitate.

answer

Precipitation is the process involved in forming a precipitate.

question

Molecular compounds are made up of _________.

answer

Molecular compounds are made up of molecules.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Each molecule of a compound always has the same number and proportion of atoms in it.

answer

TRUE.

Each molecule of a compound always has the same number and proportion of atoms in it.

question

The attraction between individual atoms in a molecule is very ______. The attraction between neighboring molecules is ______.

answer

The attraction between individual atoms in a molecule is very strong. The attraction between neighboring molecules is weak.

question

Do molecular compounds have a higher melting point or a lower melting point than ionic compounds ?

answer

The melting points of molecular compounds tend to be much lower than the melting points of ionic compounds.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

In molecular compounds, only a small amount of energy is required for the molecules to begin sliding past one another.

answer

TRUE.

In molecular compounds, only a small amount of energy is required for the molecules to begin sliding past one another.

question

Can crystals of molecular compounds crumble easily ?

answer

Yes, Unlike crystals of ionic compounds, crystals of molecular compounds crumble easily. The relatively weak attractions between molecules mean that the crystals do not hole their shape.

question

All molecules are electrically ________, both as solids and in solutions, so they _____ conduct electricity in either state.

answer

All molecules are electrically neutral, both as solids and in solutions, so they don't conduct electricity in either state.

question

Precipitates may form when solutions of two different ______ compounds are mixed.

answer

Precipitates may form when solutions of two different ionic compounds are mixed.

question

___________ is the process involved in forming a precipitate.

answer

Precipitation is the process involved in forming a precipitate.

question

Molecular compounds are made up of _________.

answer

Molecular compounds are made up of molecules.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Each molecule of a compound always has the same number and proportion of atoms in it.

answer

TRUE.

Each molecule of a compound always has the same number and proportion of atoms in it.

question

The attraction between individual atoms in a molecule is very ______. The attraction between neighboring molecules is ______.

answer

The attraction between individual atoms in a molecule is very strong. The attraction between neighboring molecules is weak.

question

Do molecular compounds have a higher melting point or a lower melting point than ionic compounds ?

answer

The melting points of molecular compounds tend to be much lower than the melting points of ionic compounds.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

In molecular compounds, only a small amount of energy is required for the molecules to begin sliding past one another.

answer

TRUE.

In molecular compounds, only a small amount of energy is required for the molecules to begin sliding past one another.

question

Can crystals of molecular compounds crumble easily ?

answer

Yes, Unlike crystals of ionic compounds, crystals of molecular compounds crumble easily. The relatively weak attractions between molecules mean that the crystals do not hole their shape.

question

All molecules are electrically ________, both as solids and in solutions, so they _____ conduct electricity in either state.

answer

All molecules are electrically neutral, both as solids and in solutions, so they don't conduct electricity in either state.

question

Is water polar ?

answer

Yes, one of water's most important properties is that it is polar; each water molecule has a negative end and a positive end. Water has this interesting property because of its bent shape and because of the unequal sharing of electrons in the bonds holding the hydrogen and oxygen together. This makes the oxygen end of water slightly negative and the hydrogen side slightly positive.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

Water would boil at a much higher temperature if it was not polar.

answer

FALSE.

Water would boil at a much lower temperature if it was not polar, at about -80?C.

question

If water was not ______, oceans would be boiling year round.

answer

If water was not polar, oceans would be boiling year round.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

As liquid turns to ice, the molecules spread out.

answer

TRUE.

As liquid turns to ice, the molecules spread out.

question

Are there few molecules in a litre of ice or a litre of water ?

answer

The ordering of water molecules in ice also means that there are fewer molecules in a litre of ice than in a litre of water, so that liquid water is denser than ice. This is why ice floats.

question

An _____ is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7.

answer

An acid is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7.

question

A _____ is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7.

answer

A base is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7.

question

The ___ measurement indicates how acidic or basic a substance is.

answer

The pH measurement indicates how acidic or basic a substance is.

question

An organ called the _______ produces sodium hydrogencarbonate and other bases that neutralize stomach acid.

answer

An organ called the pancreas produces sodium hydrogencarbonate and other bases that neutralize stomach acid.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

When acids and bases are neutralized, they lose their characteristic properties.

answer

TRUE.

When acids and bases are neutralized, they lose their characteristic properties.

question

Sodium hydrogencarbonate is an example of a _______. It is a substance that can keep the pH of a solution nearly constant despite the addition of a small amount of acid or base.

answer

Sodium hydrogencarbonate is an example of a buffer. It is a substance that can keep the pH of a solution nearly constant despite the addition of a small amount of acid or base.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Adding a metal to a solution could help determine if the solution is acidic or basic.

answer

TRUE.

Adding a metal to a solution could help determine if the solution is acidic or basic. Acids react with metals, although some acids, such as nitric acid, react more vigorously with metals than other acids. Most bases do not attack metals.

question

ACID
RED
BASE
BLUE.

answer

DD
BB

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

taste : sour

answer

acidic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

touch : not slippery

answer

acidic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

reaction with metals : metal corrodes H? bubbles form

answer

acidic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

litmus indicator : red

answer

acidic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

electrical conductivity : conductive

answer

acidic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

taste : bitter

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

touch : slippery

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

reaction with metals : no reaction

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

litmus indicator : blue

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

electrical conductivity : conductive

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

pH of solution : >7

answer

basic

question

Is this property acidic or basic ?

pH of solution : <7

answer

acidic

question

Mixtures in which separate components are not visible are called ___________ mixtures.

answer

Mixtures in which separate components are not visible are called homogeneous mixtures.

question

In fermentation by bacteria, starch and sugars present in food are converted into _____ _____.

answer

In fermentation by bacteria, starch and sugars present in food are converted into lactic acid.

question

The names of acids that contain hydrogen and one other non-metallic element can be written with the prefix _______ and the suffix ___.

answer

The names of acids that? contain hydrogen and one other non-metallic element can be written with the prefix "hydro-" and the suffix "-ic". EX. HYDROCHLORIC ACID,

question

Bases are (more/less) difficult to recognize by their formulas than acids are.

answer

Bases are more difficult to recognize by their formulas than acids are.

question

The presence of the hydroxide ion (OH?) with a metal ion or the ammonium ion usually indicates that a substance is _____.

answer

The presence of the hydroxide ion (OH?) with a metal ion or the ammonium ion usually indicates that a substance is basic.

question

When ammonia is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is ______.

answer

When ammonia is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic.

question

Any compound with ____ solubility and an ___ on the right side of the formula is a base.

answer

Any compound with high solubility and an OH on the right side of the formula is a base.

question

When acids and bases react together, both acidic and basic properties disappear. This is the process of _____________.

answer

When acids and bases react together, both acidic and basic properties disappear. This is the process of neutralization.

question

Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base that produces _____ & _____.

answer

Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base that produces water & salt.

question

All substances, natural and manufactured, are _______.

answer

All substances, neutral and manufactured, are chemicals.

question

___________ (____) are non-toxic, non-flammable chemicals used mostly in cooling systems.

answer

Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) are non-toxic, non-flammable chemicals used mostly in cooling systems.

question

Many people use chemical substances for recreational purposes, and some of these substances can be toxic. The two most commonly used hazardous recreation chemicals are _______ & ________.

answer

Many people use chemical substances for recreational purposes, and some of these substances can be toxic. The two most commonly used hazardous recreation chemicals are alcohol & nicotine.

question

The alcohol used in beverages is ________.

answer

The alcohol used in beverages is ethanol.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Alcohol abuse can lead to psychological dependance.

answer

TRUE.

Alcohol abuse can lead to psychological dependance.

question

A heavy smoke has a __x greater chance of developing lung cancer than a non-smoker does.

answer

A heavy smoker has a 20x greater chance of developing lung cancer than a non-smoker does.

question

We can manage hazardous substances through a combination of :
1) Understanding the properties of __________;
2) Using careful and clever design and process engineering;
3) Placing ________ ________ and environmental protection as the top priority; and
4) Enforcing effective regulations.

answer

We can manage hazardous substances through a combination of :
1) Understanding the properties of materials;
2) Using careful and clever design and process engineering;
3) Placing personal safety and environmental protection as the top priority; and
4) Enforcing effective regulations.

question

Chemical change occurs when a substance or substances react in a ______ ______ to create a different substance or substances. The substances that react are called _________, and their reaction produces new substances called ________. The products have completely different properties from the reactants.

answer

Chemical change occurs when a substance or substances react in a chemical reaction to create a different substance or substances. The substances that react are called reactants, and their reaction produces new substances called products. The products have completely different properties from the reactants.

question

Chemical changes are always accompanied by ______ _____. These _____ of _______ into or out of systems drive chemical reactions.

answer

Chemical changes are always accompanied by energy flows. These flows of energy into or out of our systems drive chemical reactions.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

All chemical reactions are fast.

answer

FALSE.

Not all chemical reactions are fast.

question

Metals are _____, except mercury which is liquid.

answer

Metals are solid, except mercury which is liquid.

question

Metals are solid, except _______ which is liquid.

answer

Metals are solid, except mercury which is liquid.

question

Most of the diatomic elements are gases: ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___. Bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid: ___, ___.

answer

Most of the diatomic elements are gases: H?, N?, O?, F?, and Cl?. Bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid: Br? and I?.

question

What state are Sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon at room temperature ?

answer

Sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon are solids at room temperature.

question

All ionic compounds are ____ at room temperature.

answer

All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature.

question

All ionic compound that is very ______ is shown as aqueous when it is dissolved in water. An ionic compound that is slightly soluble is usually shown as a solid, even when its water.

answer

All ionic compound that is very soluble is shown as aqueous when it is dissolved in water. An ionic compound that is slightly soluble is usually shown as a solid, even when its water.

question

Molecular compounds are very difficult to predict the state of. The ______ the molecules are, the more they tend to be gases. The _______ they are, the more they tend to be liquids and then solids.

answer

Molecular compounds are very difficult to predict the state of. The smaller the molecules are, the more they tend to be gases. The larger they are, the more they tend to be liquids and then solids..

question

Energy flow is an essential part of any _______ ________.

answer

Energy flow is an essential part of any chemical reaction.

question

____________ reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, light, or electricity.

answer

Exothermic reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, light or electricity.

question

An important exothermic reaction is the combustion of fossil fuels: ____, ___, and ______ ___.

answer

An important exothermic reaction is the combustion of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas.

question

An important __________ reaction is the combustion of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas.

answer

An important exothermic reaction is the combustion of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas.

question

_______ is a chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen reacts rapidly with a substance to form a new substance and gives off energy.

answer

Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen reacts rapidly with a substance to form a new substance and gives off energy. *burning*

question

___________ reactions absorb energy.

answer

Endothermic reactions absorb energy.

question

__________ reactions may be endothermic or exothermic.

answer

Biochemical reactions may be endothermic or exothermic.

question

Biochemical reactions may be ___________ or _____________.

answer

Biochemical reactions may be endothermic or exothermic.

question

Biochemical reactions may be ____________ or exothermic.

answer

Biochemical reactions may be endothermic or exothermic.

question

Biochemical reactions may be endothermic or ____________.

answer

Biochemical reactions may be endothermic or exothermic.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature.

answer

TRUE.

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature.

question

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature, and they are almost always helped by ________ (biological catalysts).

answer

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature, and they are almost always helped by enzymes (biological catalysts).

question

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature, and they are almost always helped by enzymes (_________ _________).

answer

Biochemical reactions happen at an organism's internal temperature, and they are almost always helped by enzymes (biological catalysts).

question

________ are chemicals that speed up a reaction but are not used up by it.

answer

Catalysts are chemicals that speed up a reaction but are not used up by it.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

All of the oxygen in our atmosphere comes from photosynthesis.

answer

FALSE.

Most of the oxygen in our atmosphere comes from photosynthesis.

question

What is the reverse version of photosynthesis ?

answer

Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis. Both plants and animals use cellular respiration to release energy that is then used to drive all the chemical reactions in their tissues and organs.

question

In an exothermic reaction the energy appears on the ____ side of the equation.

answer

In an exothermic reaction the energy appears on the right side of the equation.

question

In an _____________ reaction the energy appears on the right side of the equation.

answer

In an exothermic reaction the energy appears on the right side of the equation.

question

In an endothermic reaction the energy appears on the ____ side of the equation.

answer

In an endothermic reaction the energy appears on the left side of the equation.

question

In an _____________ reaction the energy appears on the left side of the equation.

answer

In an endothermic reaction the energy appears on the left side of the equation.

question

All reactions involve the production of new substances with their own characteristic properties. These properties include: _____ at room temperature, _______ ____, _____ and _______.

answer

All reactions involve the production of new substances with their own characteristic properties. These properties include: state at room temperature, melting point, colour and density.

question

All reactions involve the ____ of ______. This may be detected by a change in temperature during the reaction. Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the environment. Exothermic reactions release energy from the environment.

answer

All reactions involve the flow of energy. This may be detected by a change in temperature during the reaction. Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the environment. Exothermic reactions release energy from the environment.

question

When new substances form in a chemical reactions, sometimes change of state can be observed, for example, formation of a ___ (bubbles) or a _____ (precipitate).

answer

When new substances form in a chemical reactions, sometimes change of state can be observed, for example, formation of a gas (bubbles) or a solid (precipitate).

question

All chemical reactions are consistent with the law of _____________ ___ _____.

answer

All chemical reactions are consistent with the law of conservation of mass.

question

TRUE OR FALSE

Regardless of the type of chemical reaction, the total mass of the reaction system never changes.

answer

TRUE

Regardless of the type of chemical reaction, the total mass of the reaction system never changes.

question

What theory is this ?

Regardless of the type of chemical reaction, the total mass of the reaction system never changes.

answer

The Law of Conservation of Mass.

question

What theory is this ?

When a system of chemicals reacts completely, the total mass of all the reactants equal the total mass of the products.

answer

The Law of Conservation of Mass.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

No exceptions to Lavoisier's proposal about the conservation of mass during a chemical reaction are known.

answer

TRUE.

No exceptions to Lavoisier's proposal about the conservation of mass during a chemical reaction are known.

question

Who discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass ?

answer

Antoine Lavoisier

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

The total number of atoms present before a reaction is equal to the total number of atoms present after a reaction.

answer

TRUE.

The total number of atoms present before a reaction is equal to the total number of atoms present after a reaction.

question

A _________ ________ is a process involving chemical change. Chemist record such a process in a _______ _______ that uses chemical symbols and formulas. This equation is a shorthand way of showing what happens during a reaction.

answer

A chemical reaction is a process involving chemical change. Chemists record such a process in a chemical equation that uses chemical symbols and formulas. This equation is a shorthand way of showing what happens during a reaction.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

The first step in writing a chemical equation is to recognize that a chemical change has actually occurred.

answer

TRUE.

The first step in writing a chemical equation is to recognize that a chemical change has actually occurred.

question

The presence of bubbles indicates that a ___ is being produced.

answer

The presence of bubbles indicates that a gas is being produced.

question

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous __________ _____ to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

answer

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

question

Solid __________metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

answer

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

question

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous _________ ________ and hydrogen gas.

answer

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

question

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and _________ ____.

answer

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

question

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous __________ _______ and __________ ___.

answer

Solid magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

question

________ means that the substance is dissolved in water.

answer

Aqueous means that the substance is dissolved in water.

question

What does Aqueous mean ?

answer

Aqueous means that the substance is dissolved in water.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

In a chemical equation it matters what order the reactants are written.

answer

FALSE.

In a chemical equation it does not matter what order the reactants are written.

question

A ________ _______ shows the identities of the substances involved in the reaction, and which elements are present. Does not show the correct proportions of the reactants and the products.

answer

A skeleton equation shows the identities of the substances involved in the reaction, and which elements are present. Does not show the correct proportions of the reactants and the products.

question

A ________ _________ uses the chemical formulas of reactants and products in a chemical equation to represent a chemical equation.

answer

A formula equation uses the chemical formulas of reactants and products in a chemical equation to represent a chemical equation.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

An equation is properly balanced if the number of each type of atom on the reactants side of an equation is equal to the number of each type of atom on the products side.

answer

TRUE.

An equation is properly balanced if the number of each type of atom on the reactants side of an equation is equal to the number of each type of atom on the products side.

question

How do you balance an equation ?

answer

You balance an equation by making sure that the number of atoms of each element left of the arrow is equal to the number of atoms of each element right of the arrow.

question

Never change a subscript to balance an equation. Instead, add coefficients.

answer

Never change a subscript to balance an equation. Instead, add coefficients.

question

What are the five common types of reactions ?

answer

Formation, Decomposition, Hydrocarbon Combustion, Single Replacement & Double Replacement

question

In the simplest form of __________ ______, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a _________ ________.

answer

In the simplest type of formation reaction, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a synthesis reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

element + element ->compound.

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

A + B -> AB

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : Sulfur + Oxygen -> Sulfur Dioxide
Skeleton Equation : S? + O? -> SO?

answer

Formation Reaction

question

Sulfure dioxide can combine with ______ in the air to form acid rain.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form ____ ____.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : hydrogen + nitrogen -> ammonia
Skeleton Equation : H? + N? -> NH?

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

answer

TRUE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

No formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

answer

FALSE.

Many formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : sodium + chlorine -> sodium chloride.
Skeleton Equation : Na + Cl? -> NaCl

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, how do you predict the product ?

answer

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, predict the product by writing the ionic compound they form.

question

Decomposition Reactions are the opposite of ________ _______.

answer

Decompositions Reaction are the opposite of Formation Reactions.

question

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a ____________ ______.

answer

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a decomposition reaction.

question

In the simplest form of __________ ______, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a _________ ________.

answer

In the simplest type of formation reaction, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a synthesis reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

element + element ->compound.

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

A + B -> AB

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : Sulfur + Oxygen -> Sulfur Dioxide
Skeleton Equation : S? + O? -> SO?

answer

Formation Reaction

question

Sulfure dioxide can combine with ______ in the air to form acid rain.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form ____ ____.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : hydrogen + nitrogen -> ammonia
Skeleton Equation : H? + N? -> NH?

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

answer

TRUE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

No formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

answer

FALSE.

Many formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : sodium + chlorine -> sodium chloride.
Skeleton Equation : Na + Cl? -> NaCl

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, how do you predict the product ?

answer

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, predict the product by writing the ionic compound they form.

question

Decomposition Reactions are the opposite of ________ _______.

answer

Decompositions Reaction are the opposite of Formation Reactions.

question

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a ____________ ______.

answer

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a decomposition reaction.

question

In the simplest form of __________ ______, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a _________ ________.

answer

In the simplest type of formation reaction, two elements combine to form a compound. This type of reaction is also known as a synthesis reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

element + element ->compound.

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

A + B -> AB

answer

Formation Reaction

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : Sulfur + Oxygen -> Sulfur Dioxide
Skeleton Equation : S? + O? -> SO?

answer

Formation Reaction

question

Sulfure dioxide can combine with ______ in the air to form acid rain.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form ____ ____.

answer

Sulfur dioxide can combine with water in the air to form acid rain.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : hydrogen + nitrogen -> ammonia
Skeleton Equation : H? + N? -> NH?

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

answer

TRUE.

You cannot always predict the formula of molecular compounds that form because more than one combination of elements is possible.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

No formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

answer

FALSE.

Many formation reactions occur between metals and non-metals.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Word Equation : sodium + chlorine -> sodium chloride.
Skeleton Equation : Na + Cl? -> NaCl

answer

Formation Reaction.

question

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, how do you predict the product ?

answer

When one reactant is a metal and the other is a non-metal, predict the product by writing the ionic compound they form.

question

Decomposition Reactions are the opposite of ________ _______.

answer

Decompositions Reaction are the opposite of Formation Reactions.

question

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a ____________ ______.

answer

Products can be broken down to yield the reactants again in a decomposition reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

compound -> element + element

answer

Decomposition reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

AB -> A + B

answer

decomposition reaction.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

2 H?O -> 2H? + o?

answer

Decomposition reaction.

question

__________ are substances that contain hydrogen and carbon.

answer

Hydrocarbons are substance that contain hydrogen and carbon.

question

TRUE OR FALSE.

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon.

answer

TRUE.

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

C?H? + O? -> CO? + H?O

answer

Hydrocarbon Combustion.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

CH? + 2O? -> CO? + 2H?O

answer

Hydrocarbon Combustion.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

A + BC -> B + AC

answer

Single Replacement Reactions.

question

In a ______ ___________ _______, a reactive element reacts with an ionic compound. After the reaction, the element ends up in a compound, and one of the elements in the reactant compound ends up by itself as an element.

answer

In a single replacement reaction, a reactive element reacts with an ionic compound. After the reaction, the element ends up in a compound, and one of the element in the reactant compound ends up by itself as an element.

question

What kind of reactions often take place in a solution?

answer

Single replacement reactions often take place in solution.

question

In one type of _________ __________ reaction, a metal atom trades places with a metal ion in a compound.

answer

In one type of single replacement reaction, a metal atom trades places with a metal ion in a compound.

ex. magnesium + silver nitrate -> silver + magnesium nitrate.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

magnesium + silver nitrate -> silver + magnesium nitrate.

answer

Single Replacement Reaction.

question

Any metal on its own is present as ____.

answer

Any metal on its own is present as atoms.

question

Any metal element in a compound is present as an ____.

answer

Any metal element in a compound is present as an ion.

question

The ______ ______ determines how the compound is written.

answer

The ionic charge determines how the compound is written.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Skeleton Equation : Mg + NO? -> Ag + Mg(NO?)?
Balanced Equation : Mg + 2 AgNO? -> 2 Ag + Mg(NO?)?

answer

Single Replacement Equation.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

D + BC -> C + BD

answer

Single Replacement Equation.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

Balanced Equation : Cl? + 2AgBr -> Br? + 2AgCl

answer

Single Replacement Equation.

question

_______ __________ reactions commonly occur between two ionic compounds.

answer

Double Replacement reactions commonly occur between two ionic compounds.

question

Ionic compounds are always _____ at room temperature.

answer

Ionic compounds are always solid at room temperature.

question

______ ________ reactions commonly occur between two ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are always solid at room temperature, so these reaction happen in a ______ (dissolved in liquid), where the ions have an opprotunity to mix. This type of reaction often results in the formation of at least one __________.

answer

Double Replacement reactions commonly occur between two ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are always solids at room temperature, so these reactions happen in solution (dissolved in liquid), where the ions have the opportunity to mix. This type of reaction often results in the formation of at least one precipitate.

question

What type of reaction is this ?

AB + CD -> AD + CB

answer

Double replacement reaction.

question

The ____ in the first compound join with
the ____ from the second compound. This is called a double replacement reaction because two new ______ compounds are formed.

answer

The ions in the first compound join with the ions from the second compound. This is called a double replacement reaction because two new ionic compounds are formed.

question

In AB + CD -> AD + CB

A & C are both positive ions. They will never pair up together because they repel each other.
A & C will always appear first in formulas because positive ions are always written first.
B & D are negative ions, so they will combine with any positive ions. They are always written second in formulas.

answer

In AB + CD -> AD + CB

A & C are both positive ions. They will never pair up together because they repel each other.
A & C will always appear first in formulas because positive ions are always written first.
B & D are negative ions, so they will combine with any positive ions. They are always written second in formulas.

question

Is it possible for a reaction to not fit into the five categories of chemical reactions ?

answer

Yes, there are many kinds of reactions that do not fit into the five categories that you have just learned. There are even variations of these five types for which the products are difficult to predict.

question

The quantity that chemists use to measure the elements and compounds is called the ____.

answer

The quantity that chemists use to measure the elements and compounds is called the mole.

question

The number of particles in 1 mol is called ________ _______.

answer

The number of particles in 1 mol is called Avogadro's number (N?).

question

What is Avogadro's number ?

answer

Approx 6.02 X 10??.

OR

602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000.

question

What kind of particles can the mole be used to measure ?

answer

The mole can be used to measure any kind of particles, atoms, ions, molecules, and formula units.

question

Avogadro's number was named in honor of _______ ______, an _____ ______ (___-___).

answer

Avogadro's number was named in honor of Amedeo Avogadro, an Italian scientist (1776-1856).

question

The mass of one mole of a substance is called its _____ ____.

answer

The mass of one mole of a substance is called its molar mass.

question

The ______ _____ ____ of an element is the average mass in grams of one mole of atoms of that element.

answer

The atomic molar mass of an element is the average mass in grams of one mole of atoms of that element.

question

m = n x M what do n & M equal ?

m is the quantity of matter (mass) in grams

answer

m = n x M
m is the quantity of matter (mass) in grams,
n is the quantity of matter in moles
M is the molar mass.

question

The ____________ method is a simple technique for converting between the number of moles of a substance and its mass. This method is based on the idea that different units can represent the same quantity of matter.

answer

The factor-label method is a simple technique form converting between the number of moles of a substance and its mass. This method is based on the idea that different units can represent the same quantity of matter.

Test Answers on Chemistry – Chemistry – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards