Chemistry 1070 @ NSU – Shreveport Dr. Fry – Flashcards
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| An Electrically charged atom or group of atoms |
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| Ion |
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| A positively charged Ion |
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| Cation |
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| A negatively charged ion |
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| Anion |
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| The energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state |
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| Ionization Energy |
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| The energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state |
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| Electron affinity |
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| The electrical attraction between ions of opposite charge in a crystal |
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| Ionic bond |
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| A crystalline solid held together by ionic bonds |
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| Ionic Solid |
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| A compound that contains ionic bonds |
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| Ionic compound |
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| An Ion that is composed of more than one atom. |
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| Polyatomic Ion |
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| The formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound |
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| Formula Unit |
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| Main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with 8 valence electrons |
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| Octet Rule |
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| An atomic symbol with dots placed around it to indicate the number of valence electrons |
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| Electron-dot symbol |
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| A substance that provides H+ ions in water |
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| Acid |
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| A substance that provides OH- ions in water |
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| Base |
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| Atoms are converted into ________ by the loss of one or more electrons |
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| Cations |
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| Atoms are converted into ____ by the gain of one or more electrons |
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| Anions |
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| Ionic Compounds are composed of cations and anions held together by |
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| Ionic bonds |
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| _____ loses electrons more easily than ________ |
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| metals , nonmetals |
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| What determines the chemical formula of an ionic compound? |
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| Ionic compounds contain appropriate numbers of anions and cations to maintain overall neutrality, thereby providing a means of determining their chemical formulas |
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| A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms |
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| Covalent bond |
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| A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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| molecule |
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| The optimum distance between nuclei in a covalent bond |
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| Bond length |
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| A compound that consists of molecules rather than ions |
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| Molecular compound |
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| A covalent bond formed by sharing one electron pair |
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| Single bond |
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| A covalent bond formed by sharing two electron pairs |
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| Double bond |
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| A covalent bond formed by sharing three electron pairs |
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| Triple bond |
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| The covalent bond that forms when both electrons are donated by the same atom |
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| Coordinated covalent bond |
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| A formula that shows the numbers and kinds of atoms in one molecule of a compound |
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| Molecular formula |
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| A molecular representation that shows the connections among atoms by using lines to represent covalent bonds |
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| Structural formula |
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| A molecular representation that shows both the connections among atoms ad the locations of lone pair valence electrons |
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| Lewis Structure |
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| Pair of electrons that is not used for bonding |
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| Lone Pair |
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| A molecular representation in which bonds are understood by the order in which they are written rather than specifically shown |
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| Condensed structure |
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| The angle formed by three adjacent atoms in a molecule |
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| Bond angle |
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| A geometric figure with 4 identical triangular faces |
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| Regular tetrahedron |
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| A bond in which the electrons are attracted more strongly by one atom than by the other |
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| Polar covalent bond |
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| The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond |
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| Electronegativity |
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| A compound formed by combination of two different elements |
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| Binary compound |
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| Ionic compound properties |
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| Smallest components are Ions, usually composed of metals combined with nonmetals, crystalline solids, high melting points, high boiling points, conduct electricity when molten, many water soluble, not soluble in organic liquids |
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| Molecular compound properties |
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| Smallest components are molecules, usually composed of nonmetals with nonmetals, gases liquids or low melting solids, low melting points, low boiling points, do not conduct electricity, few are water soluble, many are soluble in organic liquids. |
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| The study of carbon compounds |
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| Organic Chemistry |
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| _____ molecules often contain hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen in addition to carbon |
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| organic |
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| An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic structure and chemical behavior |
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| functional group |
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| an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
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| Hydrocarbon |
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| a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds |
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| alkane` |
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| an alkane that has all its carbons connected in a row |
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| straight-chain alkane |
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| an alkane that has a branching connection of carbons |
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| Branched-chain alkane |
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| Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures |
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| Isomers |
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| Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connections among their atoms |
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| Constitutional isomers |
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| A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown. |
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| Condensed structure |
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| The specific three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
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| Conformation |
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| Molecular structures having identical connections between atoms , they represent identical compounds |
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| Conformer |
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| An atom or group of atoms attached to a parent compound |
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| Substituent |
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| The part of an alkane that remains when a hydrogen atoms is removed |
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| Alkyl Group |
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| The -CH3 alkyl Group |
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| Methly group |
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| The -CH2,CH3, alkyl group |
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| Ethyl group |
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| The straight chain alkyl group _CH2CH2CH3 |
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| Propryl group |
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| The branched chain alkyl group - CH(CH3)2 |
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| Isopropyl group |
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| name the ten alkanes.. starts with methane |
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| Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane,decane |
