Chemistry 1 Final Review Answers – Flashcards
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Metric unit of length
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meter
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Metric unit of mass
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gram
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Metric unit of volume
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liter
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Metric unit of time
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second
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exponent
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The term for a number that indicates a value is multiplied by itself one or more times
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When subtracting and adding, the answer is limited by what?
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the value with the most uncertainty
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When multiplying and dividing, the answer is limited by what?
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the number of significant digits
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Heat
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flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature
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How to calculate density
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Mass/volume
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Solid--->liquid
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melting
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Liquid--->gas
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vaporization
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Gas--->liquid
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condensation
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Liquid--->solid
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freezing
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Solid--->gas
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sublimation
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Gas--->solid
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Deposition
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Metal characteristics
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Shiny, high density, high melting point, good conductor of heat and energy
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Gas
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Variable shape, variable volume, and significant compressibility
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Liquid
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Variable shape, fixed volume, and negligible compressibility
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Solid
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Fixed shape, fixed volume, and negligible compressibility
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Molecule
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A particle composed of 2 or more nonmetal atoms
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Chemical formula
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an expression of the number and types of atoms
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Physical properties
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appearance (color), melting and boiling points, density, conductivity, physical state
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Chemical properties
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Gas release (bubbles), light or release of heat energy, formation of a precipitate, a permanent color change
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What can be separated into pure substances by a physical method?
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A mixture
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What requires a chemical method to be separated into 2 or more substances?
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A compound
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Atomic number
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indicates the number of protons for an atom of a given element
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Mass number
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Total number of protons and neutrons
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An element is composed of tiny, indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms
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INVALID
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All atoms of an element are identical and have the same properties
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INVALID
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Atoms of different elements can combine to form compounds
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VALID
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Compounds contain atoms in small whole number ratios
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VALID
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Atoms can combine in more than 1 ratio to form different compounds
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VALID
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The longer the wavelength of light
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the lower the frequency (low energy)
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The shorter the wavelength of light
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the higher the frequency (high energy)
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What is found on the inside of the nucleus?
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Neutrons and protons (positive charge)
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What did Thompson propose?
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That the electrons were distributed evenly throughout a homogenous sphere of positive charge. (plum pudding model)
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What did Rutherford propose?
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The negatively charged electrons are distributed around a positively charged nucleus.
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S sublevel
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2 electrons (sphere)
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P sublevel
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6 electrons (dumbbell)
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D sublevel
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10 electrons (clover)
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F sublevel
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14 electrons
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Group 1
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Alkali metals
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Group 2
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Alkaline earth metals
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Group 17
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Hallogens
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Group 18
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Noble gases
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Group/family
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Vertical
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Period/series
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Horizontal
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Atomic radius general trend
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Decreases as you go up a group, decreases as you go left to right across a series
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Metallic character general trend
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Decreases as you go up a group, decreases as you go left to right across a series
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Ionization energy general trend
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Increases as you go up a group, increases as you go left to right across a series
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What loses electrons to form ions?
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Metals
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What gains electrons to form ions?
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Nonmetals
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Binary ionic compounds
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1 metal and 1 nonmetal
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Ternary ionic compounds
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1 metal, 1 nonmetal, and 1 other
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Binary molecular
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both are nonmetals
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binary acid
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aqueous solution containing hydrogen and 1 other nonmetal
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ternary oxyacid
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aqueous solution; a compound containing hydrogen oxygen and one other nonmetal.
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Combination reactions
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A+Z-->AZ
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Decomposition reactions
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AZ-->A+Z
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Single-replacement reactions
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A+BZ-->AZ+B
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Double-replacement reactions
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AX+BZ-->AZ+BX
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Neutralization reactions
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HX+BOH-->BX+HOH
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Alkali metals and NH4-
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Soluble
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Acetate ion C2H3O2
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Soluble
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Nitrate ion NO3-
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Soluble
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Halide ion Cl-, Br-, I- (Ag, Hg, and Pb are exceptions)
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Soluble
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Carbonate ion
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Insoluble
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Chromate ion CrO4(2-)
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Insoluble
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Phosphate ion
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Insoluble
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Sulfide ion S2-
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Insoluble
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Hydroxide ion OH- [Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2 are exceptions)
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insoluble
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Avagadro's number
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6.02x10²³ particles per mole
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pico (p)
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1x10⁻¹²
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nano (n)
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1x10⁻⁹
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micro (µ)
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1x10⁻⁶
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milli (m)
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1x10⁻³
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centi (c)
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1x10⁻²
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deci (d)
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1x10⁻¹
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kilo (k)
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1x10³
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mega (M)
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10⁶
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giga (G)
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1x10⁹
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tera (T)
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1x10¹²
