question

The air we breathe is a... a. Element b. Mixture c. Compound d. Pure substance

answer

b. mixture

question

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the ______ and is a valuable protective layer in the _______.

answer

Troposphere; stratosphere

question

The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm. Express this number as a percentage.

answer

0.0009%

question

How to convert from ppm to percentage?

answer

Move decimal four places to the right. So 5 ppm would become 0.0005%

question

What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants? a. toxicity and exposure b. percentage and ppm c. toxicity and percentage d. exposure and ppm

answer

a. toxicity and exposure

question

In general, which airborne material is not likely to be captured by the filters of indoor air handling equipment? a. particulates b. carbon monoxide c. soot d. pollen

answer

b. carbon monoxide

question

Which two gases make up more than 95% of an inhaled breath?

answer

O2 and N2

question

What is the composition of the air we breathe?

answer

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other gases like hydrogen argon, carbon dioxide, methane

question

The most numerous of the elements in the periodic table are the... a. metals b. non-metals c. metalloids d. noble gases

answer

a. metals

question

As the ozone hole gets more pronounced, with time, one expects the incidence of skin cancer to

answer

increase worldwide

question

The _____ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rainforest a. H2O b. O2 C. CO2 D. N2

answer

a. H2O

question

If we assume that the top of Mt. Everest is the highest land mass on earth, hikers who scale its summit are standing in the

answer

Troposphere (still the zone closest to earth)

question

What substance is an element? a. NO2 b. NaCl c. CH4 d. N2

answer

D. N2

question

What classifies a molecule vs. a compound?

answer

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. (ex. H2O or N2) A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. (H2O, but not N2) All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

question

The chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide is... A: N2O2 B: N2O C: NO2 D: N2O3

answer

B. N2O

question

P2O5 is the chemical formula for

answer

diphosphorus pentoxide

question

During a chemical reaction, a. atoms are simply rearranged b. some atoms are destroyed and new ones are formed. c. some elements are destroyed and new ones are formed. d. the law of conservation of matter and mass may be briefly violated

answer

a. atoms are simply rearranged

question

What are the usual reactants and products of a combustion reaction?

answer

Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide

question

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of _____ in car exhaust. a. CO b. N2 c. O3 d. CO2

answer

a. CO

question

What do catalytic converters do?

answer

??

question

Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source? a. O3 and electrical arcing b. Formaldehyde and unvented space heaters c. nicotine and paint and paint thinners d. radon and glues and solvents

answer

a. O3 and electrical arcing

question

The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are... a. oxygen and carbon monoxide b. Water and carbon dioxide c. sulfur oxides and hydrogen d. sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides

answer

b. water and CO2 (carbon dioxide)

question

HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC? a. CH2CL-CCl2F b. CH2FCl c. CF3CH2F d. CHClF2

answer

c. CF3CH2F

question

Which contributes to the ozone hole? a. automobile exhaust b. loss of Northern forests c. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) d. all of these choices are correct

answer

c. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

question

You wear sunscreen on your skin in order for the sunscreen to _________, thereby protecting your skin from some of the sun's radiation. a. absorb UV-A and UV-B radiation b. reflect visible radiation and uv-b radiation c. Transmit UV-A and UV-B radiation d. Reflect infrared radiation

answer

a. absorb uv-A and UV-B radiation

question

The speed of light in air a. depends only on the frequency of the light b. depends only on the wavelength of the light c. is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light d. depends on both the wavelength and the frequency of light

answer

c. is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light

question

Which is/are part of the Chapman Cycle in the stratosphere? a. Ozone is removed by its reaction with water vapor b. ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation c. Ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules. d. ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation and it reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules

answer

d. ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation and it reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules

question

The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to... a. reduce the amount of new production of CFCs in developed countries b. recycle existing CFCs rather than release them into the air c. encourage research into substitutes for CFCs d. all of these are correct

answer

d. all of these are correct

question

Which color in the rainbow has the longest wavelength? a. red b. orange c. yellow d. blue

answer

a. red

question

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in a neutral atom of Fluorine? 19 F 9

answer

Protons - 9 Neutrons -10 Electrons- 9 (19 is the atomic mass number, or P + N)

question

In the atmosphere over the earth, where is the region with the highest concentration of ozone? a. troposphere b. biosphere c. mesosphere d. stratosphere

answer

d. stratosphere

question

Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and a. react directly with stratospheric ozone b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals c. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone d. react with free radicals to remove carbons dioxide

answer

b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone (thus creating the ozone hole)

question

Yellow light has a wavelength of 580 nm. What is the frequency of this light? a. 2.39 x 10 ^-19 b. 1.8 x 10 ^-7 c. 5.17 x 10 ^5 d. 5.17 x 10 ^14

answer

3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s / 580 x 10 ^ -9 m = c. 5.17 x 10 ^ 14 s-1

question

When dividing numbers that are written in exponential form, the coefficients are _____ and the exponents are ____

answer

Divided, subtracted

question

Decreasing wavelength of light goes in this order (longest to shortest:) a. UV - visible - infrared b. Visible - infrared - UV c. UV- infrared - visible d. infrared - visible - UV

answer

d. infrared - visible - UV

question

DNA, the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the a. visible region of the spectrum b. infrared region of the spectrum c. UV region, especially above a wavelength of 340 nm d. UV region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm

answer

d. UV region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm

question

Wavelength is the...

answer

distance between the successive peaks in a wave

question

O2 and O3 molecules are

answer

allotropes

question

UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 10 ^ 17 s-1 (Hz). What is the energy of a photon of this light? (Hint: h = 6.63 x 10 ^ -34 J s)

answer

6.63 x 10 ^-17 J because E = Planck's (h) x frequency so E = (6.63 x 10 ^-34)(

question

Which is the third most abundant gas in the air we breath?

answer

Argon

question

HCFCs, the current CFC replacement, is preferred over CFCs because

answer

c. They decompose in the troposphere

question

The Montreal Protocol took several approaches to reducing stratospheric chlorine. CFC production and emissions dropped to very low levels once all countries ratified it and yet an ozone hole still remains. Why? a. CFCs are catalysts to the ozone depletion process and remain in the stratosphere for long periods of time b. The USA still has not ratified the Montreal Protocol c. CFCs are naturally occurring and so continue to deplete ozone d. Natural events such as lightning deplete ozone

answer

a. CFCs are catalysts to the ozone depletion process and remain in the stratosphere for long periods of time The chlorine atoms act as a catalyst, and each can break down tens of thousands of ozone molecules before being removed from the stratosphere. Given the longevity of CFC molecules, recovery times are measured in decades. It is calculated that a CFC molecule takes an average of about five to seven years to go from the ground level up to the upper atmosphere, and it can stay there for about a century, destroying up to one hundred thousand ozone molecules during that time.

question

2. Which is not a mixture? a. a jar filled with rocks and sand b. sea water c. a glass of Kool-Aid d. sodium chloride

answer

d. sodium chloride

question

Which color in the rainbow has the shortest wavelength a. orange b. red c. yellow d. blue

answer

d. blue

question

The wavelength of light in the visible range is a. about the size of an atom of carbon b. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and a virus c. about the diameter of a CD d. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and the diameter of a CD

answer

b. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and a virus

question

Which statement is correct? a. UV-A is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light b. UV-B is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light c. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of the UV light d. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C are equally energetic

answer

c. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of the UV light

question

During the Antarctic spring, ozone is destroyed at a greater rate than it is formed a. on the surface of atmospheric crystals b. in polar stratospheric clouds c. in a process that is catalytic d. all of these choices are correct

answer

d. all of these choices are correct

question

The ozone hole is most prominent on the Earth over a. North America b. Europe c. Africa d. Antartica

answer

d. Antartica

question

Ozone in our atmosphere is important because it a. absorbs some UV radiation b. reacts with excess CO2 c. helps trees grow d. reflects IR radiation

answer

a. absorbs some UV radiation

question

The Montreal protocol is a a. treaty to protect against global warming b. treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world c. list of substitutes for CFCs d. way to destroy CFCs in the stratosphere

answer

b. treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world

question

What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone? a. As chlorine increases, ozone increases b. as chlorine increases, ozone decreases c. as chlorine changes, the effect on the ozone level is unpredictable d. As chlorine changes, there is no effect on the ozone level

answer

b. as chlorine increases, ozone decreases

question

In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties? a. those in the same row b. those in the same columns c. those related diagonally d. those on opposite sides

answer

b. those in the same columns

question

In the atmosphere over the Earth, where is the region with the highest concentration of ozone? a. troposphere b. biosphere c. mesosphere d. stratosphere

answer

d. stratosphere

question

The nucleus of an atom contains a. electrons and protons only b. electrons, protons, and neutrons c. protons only d. protons and neutrons only

answer

d. protons and neutrons only

question

What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another? a. number of neutrons b. number of protons c. number of protons plus neutrons d. number of neutrons plus electrons

answer

b. number of protons

question

Elements in the same column of the periodic table in the groups labeled A tend to have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of a. valence electrons b. protons c. protons plus electrons d. protons plus neutrons

answer

a. valence electrons

question

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ____ but a different number of ____ a. electrons/protons b. protons/neutrons c. neutrons/protons d. protons/electrons

answer

b. protons/neutrons

question

When only one pair of shared electrons is involved in a covalent bond, the linkage is called a _____ bond. a. triple b. single c. double d. resonant

answer

b. single

question

The atomic number is the a. same as the mass number of an atom b. number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus c. number of protons in a nucleus d. number of neurtons in a nucleus

answer

c. number of protons in a nucleus

question

The periodicity of the properties of element is chiefly due to a. the numbers of electrons in the atoms of the elements b. the distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements c. the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the atoms of the elements d. both the numbers of electrons in the atoms of the elements and the distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements

answer

d. both the numbers of electrons in the atoms of the elements and the distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements

question

The wavelength of light goes in this order a. Ultraviolet> visible> infrared b. infrared> visible> ultraviolet c. Visible> infrared> ultraviolet d. ultraviolet> infrared> visible

visible> infrared b. infrared> visible> ultraviolet c. Visible> infrared> ultraviolet d. ultraviolet> infrared> visible" alt="The wavelength of light goes in this order a. Ultraviolet> visible> infrared b. infrared> visible> ultraviolet c. Visible> infrared> ultraviolet d. ultraviolet> infrared> visible">

answer

b. infrared> visible> ultraviolet (UV has shorter waves than infrared)

question

The wavelength of light in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a. smaller than a virus b. about the size of a bacterial cell c. intermediate between the size of a bacterial cell and a virus d. larger than either a bacterial cell or a virus

answer

A: smaller than a virus.

question

Stratospheric ozone is destroyed and formed at the same rate a. above the equator b. above the Antarctic in its early spring c. above the Antarctic in its early fall d. above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall

answer

d. above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall.

question

The mass number of an isotope of an element is the a. sum of the number of its protons and electrons b. number of its protons c. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons d. sum of the number of its protons, neutrons, and electrons

answer

c. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons

question

it is the ___ electrons that account for many of the chemical and physical properties of elements a. innermost b. intermediate c. outermost d. transitional

answer

c. outermost

question

Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds a. have 1, 2, 3 shared electrons respectively b. have 2, 4 and 6 shared electrons respectively c. have 3, 6, and 9 shared electrons respectively d. are only possible between carbon atoms

answer

b. have 2, 4 and 6 shared electrons respectively

question

b Light behaves like a. a particle b. a wave c. both a particle and a wave d. neither a particle nor a wave

answer

c. both a particle and a wave

question

The "ozone layer" is found a. only around the equator b. in the stratosphere c. in the troposphere d. in the mesosphere

answer

b. in the stratosphere

question

In references to waves, frequency is the a. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second b. height of the wave c. distance between successive peaks in a wave d. distance between a peak in a wave to the next trough

answer

a. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second (c is wavelength)

question

Free radicals are a. highly reactive chemical species b. species such as H and OH c. species with unpaired electrons d. ALL of these correctly describe free radicals

answer

d. ALL of these correctly describe free radicals

question

Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and a. react directly with stratospheric ozone to destroy it b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone c. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone d. react with free radicals to remove carbon dioxide

answer

b. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone

question

Halons differ from CFCs in that the atoms of ___ replace some____ atoms. a. iodine/chlorine b. hydrogen/chlorine c. bromine/chlorine d. silicon/carbon

answer

c. bromine/chlorine

question

Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere? a. UV-A b. UV-B c. UV-C

answer

a. UV-A

question

Which product of ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition? a. oxygen atoms b. chlorine atoms c. fluorine atoms d. hydrogen atoms

answer

b. chlorine atoms

question

HCFCs have been developed to replace CFCs as refrigerants. Which property of these new compounds make them environmentally superior to CFCs a. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone concentration maximum b. lower reactivity makes them stable even in the intense ultraviolet light in the stratosphere c. Their higher molecular weight prevents them from reaching the stratosphere d. they do not contain chlorine

answer

a. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone concentration maximum Explanation: CFCs are mainly stable compounds at low altitudes, but are lighter than air. As the compounds travel to the upper atmosphere, UV radiation breaks off the chlorine molecule. This chlorine then binds with ozone molecules, causing them to break apart. Though HFCs also impact the environment, their effect is considered mild due to the short life spans of HFC particles.

question

HCFCS are temporary solution to the problem of ozone depletion and will be replaces over the next 20 years by which class of compounds a. HFCs b. CFCs. d. Halons d. HFBCs

answer

a. HFCs

question

Why are HFCs environmentally superior to the currently used HCFCs a. HFCs are not flammable b. HFCs do not contain chlorine c. HFCs are lighter and may be transported more easilty d. HFCs are less reactive than HCFCS

answer

b. HFCs do not contain chlorine

question

CFCs were originally developed to replace which refrigerant compounds a. ice b. HCFCs c. ammonia and sulfur dioxide d. propane

answer

c. ammonia and sulfur dioxide

question

which is correct? a. Ozone forms by combining an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule b. there is a dynamic steady state of ozone in the stratosphere c. UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule d. all of these choices are correct

answer

d. all of these choices are correct

question

11. The production of which of the following classes of compounds was NOT limited by the Montreal Protocol of 1987 nor by its amendments: A. CFCs B. HCFCs C. VOCs D. Halons

answer

C. VOCs

question

12. What is the primary component of an exhaled breath? A. N2 B. O2 C. CO2 D. H2O

answer

A. N2

question

25. Which is not a component used to determine an individual's exposure to a pollutant? A. length of contact time B. concentration of pollutant in the air C. toxicity D. total amount (volume) of air inhaled

answer

C. toxicity

question

28. Which pollutant could not be detected by its odor? A. CO B. O3 C. SOx D. NOx

answer

A. CO

question

29. Which characteristic describes a compound but not a mixture? A. Two or more things combined. B. The combining ratio is fixed. C. Substances can be broken down into smaller parts. D. Elements are combined.

answer

B. The combining ratio is fixed.

question

30. Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and A. react directly with stratospheric ozone to destroy it. B. after interacting with UV energy, become free radicals, which destroy ozone. C. become free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone. D. react with free radicals to remove carbon dioxide.

answer

B. after interacting with UV energy, become free radicals, which destroy ozone.

question

45. Which approach would reduce indoor air pollution? A. air conditioning B. sealing windows shut C. increasing the air exchange D. dry cleaning clothes

answer

C. increasing the air exchange

question

Of the five major gaseous components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day a. water vapor b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. argon

answer

a. water vapor

question

Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? a. Ar b. O2 c. O3 d. CO2

answer

d. CO2

question

Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant? a. N2 b. SO2 c. NO2 d. O3

answer

a. N2

question

What is the appropriate concentration unit used to express the concentration of a pollutant that has a concentration of 0.00004%? a. pph b. ppm c. ppb d. ppL

answer

b. ppm

question

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant? a. a persons's lung capacity b. the toxicity of the pollutant c. a person's breathing rate d. the concentration in air of the pollutant

answer

b. the toxicity of the pollutant Toxicity is used to create the limit, not to measure the exposure

question

The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide, a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form sulfur trioxide that dissolves into airborne water droplets to from a very corrosive solution of sulfiric acid. Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide? a. carbon dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. particles of ash

answer

d. particles of ash

question

Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors? a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide

answer

b. carbon monoxide

question

Which color, as used in the Air Quality Index, warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous, the most dangerous level? a. orange b. green c. yellow d. maroon

answer

d. maroon

question

A substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called an a. compound b. mixture c. element d. isotope

answer

a. compound CHEMICAL methods

question

On a periodic table, the columns of elements with similar properties are a. periods b. groups c. rows d. metals

answer

b. groups

question

which is not a single pure substance? a. copper b. water c. brass d. chlorine

answer

c. brass

question

Which differentiates a compound from a mixture of two or more elements? a. the elements in a compound may be present in varying proportions b. a compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the element of which it is composed c. a compound is made up of only one element d. a compound cannot be made up of more than two elements

answer

b. a compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the element of which it is composed (it is a new chemical substance)

question

A ____ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement a. element b. ion c. molecule d. compound

answer

c. molecule

question

A compound and a mixture differ in that only the mixture a. is made up of more than one element b. may be made up of components that may be molecules c. is of fixed composition d. exhibits the properties of its individual components

answer

d. exhibits the properties of its individual components`

question

Based on its name, which carbon compound contains the fewest carbon atoms? A: ethanol B: methane C: chlorobutane D: propyl alcohol

answer

B: methane

question

During a chemical reaction a. atoms are rearranged b. some atoms are destroyed and new ones are formed c. some elements are destroyed and new ones are formed d. the law of conservation of matter and mass may be briefly violated

answer

a. atoms are rearranged

question

Although only about 100 elements exist, over __________________ compounds have been isolated, identified, and characterized. ANSWERLIST A: one hundred thousand B: one million C: 20 million D: 10 billion

answer

C: 20 million

question

A young senator excited about Green Chemistry presents new legislation to set controls on vehicles and industry to completely remove all pollutant molecules from the air. Which is the best critique of this proposal? A: This worthy goal is attainable if we develop the proper incentives. B: Though this is a worthy goal, it is not attainable regardless of regulations or incentives. C: While this would be great in theory, accomplishing it would require too much money and more government control than is appropriate in a free market economy. D: This is not a good plan because while the United States concerns itself with this challenge, other countries will not make similar sacrifices.

answer

B: Though this is a worthy goal, it is not attainable regardless of regulations or incentives.

question

Critique the statement: "Air pollution is an unavoidable by-product of an industrialized society; the more modern we become the more air pollution we will have." A: This is a reasonable statement since burning fossil fuels is necessary for industrialization and unavoidably produces pollutants. B: Although burning fossil fuels does produce air pollutants, technology may prevent these pollutants from increasing in the atmosphere as we become more industrialized. C: Air pollution is not inevitable if we could raise the temperature at which fossil fuels are burned. D: Burning fossil fuels does not have to produce potential pollutants, but it does because of the unwillingness of government and industry to spend additional money.

answer

B: Although burning fossil fuels does produce air pollutants, technology may prevent these pollutants from increasing in the atmosphere as we become more industrialized.

question

The United States has more vehicles per capita than any other country, but cleaner air than many other countries because it A: has more electric vehicles. B: has fewer people living in cities. C: has more governmental regulations on air quality. D: is a large country so pollutants can spread out more.

answer

C: has more governmental regulations on air quality.

question

There are approximately 2 x 10^22 molecules and atoms in each breath we take and the concentration of CO in the air is approximately 9 parts per million. Approximately how many CO molecules are in each breath we take? A: 2 x 10^15 B: 1.8 x10^17 C: 2 x 10^17 D: 2 x 10^29

answer

C: 2 x 10^17

question

Which is correct? A: Ozone forms by combining an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule. B: There is a dynamic steady state of ozone in the stratosphere. C: UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule. D: All of these choices are correct.

answer

D: All of these choices are correct.

question

The structure of ozone most closely resembles a A: linear molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds B: linear molecule with the same length of chemical bonds C: bent molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds D: bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds

answer

D: bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds

question

When it reaches its largest size, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is A: about as large as North America. B: about the same size as Texas. C: smaller than Rhode Island. D: about the same size as California.

answer

A: about as large as North America.

question

The two chemical bonds and geometry of water are best represented by:

answer

a bent molecule, with two atoms off the central atom

question

Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to A: increased incidences of melanomas. B: a decreased production of crops such as wheat, sorghum, and peas. C: an increased occurrence of cataracts. D: All of these choices are correct.

answer

D: All of these choices are correct.

question

WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that carries the station's signal?

answer

3.21 m wavelength x frequency = speed of light (so 3 x 10^8 / .935

question

How do you find wavelength?

answer

3x10^8 m/s = wavelength x frequency (planks constant speed of light) So... wavelength = 3 x 10^ 8 / frequency

question

Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere? A: UV-A B: UV-B C: UV-C D: They are all absorbed approximately equally.

answer

A: UV-A

question

What is the difference between UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C?

answer

UV-C has the shortest wavelength and is the most damaging type of UV radiation. However, it is completely filtered by the atmosphere and does not reach the earth's surface. Medium-wavelength UVB is very biologically active but cannot penetrate beyond the superficial skin layers. It is responsible for delayed tanning and burning; in addition to these short-term effects it enhances skin aging and significantly promotes the development of skin cancer. Most solar UVB is filtered by the atmosphere. The relatively long-wavelength UVA accounts for approximately 95 per cent of the UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. It can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin and is responsible for the immediate tanning effect. Furthermore, it also contributes to skin ageing and wrinkling. For a long time it was thought that UVA could not cause any lasting damage. Recent studies strongly suggest that it may also enhance the development of skin cancers.

question

From 1974 to 2002, the chance that a white male would be diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer rose by

answer

225%

question

In the Chapman cycle, ozone formation depends upon a sufficient concentration of oxygen atoms. Which step in the Chapman cycle produces oxygen atoms? A: absorption of light wavelength 320 nm by ozone B: absorption of light wavelength 320 nm by oxygen C: absorption of light wavelength 242 nm by ozone D: absorption of light wavelength 242 nm by oxygen

answer

D: absorption of light wavelength 242 nm by oxygen

question

By approximately what percentage did global production of CFCs fall from 1987 to 2000? A: 13% B: 44% C: 88% D: 1100%

answer

c. 88%

question

Which product of the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition? A: oxygen atoms B: chlorine atoms C: fluorine atoms D: hydrogen atoms

answer

B: chlorine atoms

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