Chem 170 CH 0

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Classify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture.

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The blue spheres below represent atoms. What state of matter is depicted in each bin?

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When tarnish forms on silver, the outer layer of silver atoms has reacted with sulfur to become a new substance, silver sulfide.

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Classify each of the changes as a physical change or a chemical change.

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Classify each of the properties as a physical property or a chemical property.

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Classify each of the following as an element, compound, or mixture.

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Classify each of the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous.

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Gas

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This substance has no definite volume or shape.

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Gas

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The particles in this substance do not interact with each other.

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Solid

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The particles in a substance are held in a rigid structure.

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What type of change, physical or chemical, takes place in each of the following?

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Condensation

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The water vapor in the clouds changes to rain.

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Evaporation

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Wet clothes dry on a clothesline.

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Boiling

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Lava flows into the ocean and steam forms.

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Condensation

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After a hot shower, your bathroom mirror is covered with water.

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melting

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The solid structure of a substance breaks down as liquid forms.

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sublimation

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Coffee is freeze-dried.

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freezing

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Water on the street turns to ice during a cold wintry night.

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deposition

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Ice crystals form on a package of frozen corn.

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3

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Determine the number of significant figures in the measurement 6.07 m.

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2 (Leading zeros are not significant. Trailing zeros are significant if there is a decimal point shown in the number.)

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Determine the number of significant figures in the measurement 0.0030 s.

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45.0 g (The number 44.981 is closer to 45.0 than it is to 44.9.)

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Round the value 44.981 g to three significant figures.

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16 (Because this calculation involved multiplication, the final answer must be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measured value with the fewest significant figures.)

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Compute 3.5 × 4.48697. Round the answer appropriately.

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190 (Because this calculation involved division, the final answer must be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measured value with the fewest significant figures.)

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Compute 1240.64 / 6.4. Round the answer appropriately.

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223.402 (Because this calculation involved addition, the final answer must be rounded to the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the measured value with the fewest number of digits to the right of the decimal point.)

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Compute 214.056 + 9.3456 . Round the answer appropriately.

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2

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How many zeros are significant in the following number? 0.0035060

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Identify the number in each of the following as measured or exact.

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The measurement requires a measuring device.

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Give the reason for your choice: A person weighs 67.5 kg.

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The measurement is obtained by counting.

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Give the reason for your choice: A patient is given 2 tablets of medication.

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The statement contains the values in the metric definition.

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Give the reason for your choice: In the metric system, 1 m is equal to 1000 mm.

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The measurement requires a measuring device.

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Give the reason for your choice: The distance from Denver, Colorado, to Houston, Texas, is 1720 km.

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6 oz

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Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. 3 hamburgers and 6 oz of meat

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none of the above

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Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. 1 table and 4 chairs

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both

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Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. 0.75 lb of grapes and 350 g of butter

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none of the above

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Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. 60 s = 1 min

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0.0038(0) m

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Indicate the significant zeros, if any, in each of the following measurements. 0.00380 m

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5.(0)4 cm

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Indicate the significant zeros, if any, in each of the following measurements. 5.04 cm

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8(00). L

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Indicate the significant zeros, if any, in each of the following measurements. 800. L

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3.(0)×10?³kg

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Indicate the significant zeros, if any, in each of the following measurements. 3.0×10?³kg

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There are none

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Indicate the significant zeros, if any, in each of the following measurements. 85000 g

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250.0 L

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Identify the number that contains more significant figures. 250.0 L 2.5×10?²L

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0.0120 s

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Identify the number that contains more significant figures. 12 000 s 0.0120 s

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405.0 K

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Identify the number that contains more significant figures. 405.0 K 405 K

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11.00 m

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Identify the number that contains more significant figures. 11.0 m 11.00 m

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4

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 10.09 g

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2

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 0.000 32 m

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2

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 36 000 000 m

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3

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 1.80×10?g

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4

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 0.8250 L

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3

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How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 65.0° C

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1.70 kg

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Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. 1.702 kg

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179 L

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Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. 178.5238 L

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4.74×10?³ cm

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Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. 0.004 738 265 cm

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7040 m

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Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. 7042 m

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1.85×10?? s

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Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures. 1.847×10?? s

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1.3

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Perform each of the following calculations and give answers with the correct number of significant figures: 49.8×0.026

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1×10?²

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Perform each of the following calculations and give answers with the correct number of significant figures: 0.00178×8

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28.8

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Perform each of the following calculations and give answers with the correct number of significant figures: 40.26/1.40

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2.4

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Perform each of the following calculations and give answers with the correct number of significant figures: ((0.2635)(21))/2.32

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57.16 cm

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Perform each of the following calculations, and give answers with the correct number of decimal places: 48.64cm+8.519cm

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123.9 g

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Perform each of the following calculations, and give answers with the correct number of decimal places: 23.55g+100.3g+0.030g

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125.0 mL

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Perform each of the following calculations, and give answers with the correct number of decimal places: 146.905mL?21.0mL

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0.55 L

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Perform each of the following calculations, and give answers with the correct number of decimal places: 1.10L?0.555L

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5

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 76.600 kJ

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6

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 4.50200×10³g

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1,2,3,4

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 3000 nm (Check all that apply)

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3

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 0.00300 mL

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This is an exact number

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 18 students

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1

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 3 ×10??g

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4

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 47.60 mL

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3,4

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How many significant figures does each of the following quantities have? 2070 mi (check all that apply)

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24.612

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Carry out the following calculations, expressing each result with the correct number of significant figures: 24.567 g + 0.044 78 g = ? g

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3.65×103

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Carry out the following calculations, expressing each result with the correct number of significant figures: 9.2376 g / 0.002 53 L = ? g/L

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30.1

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Carry out the following calculations, expressing each result with the correct number of significant figures: 0.541 mL + 32.1 mL - 2.5833 mL = ? mL

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3.940 L

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Round off each of the following quantities to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. 3.940499 L (4)

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291 K

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Round off each of the following quantities to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. 291.1514 K (3)

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91.78 kg

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Round off each of the following quantities to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. 91.775 kg (4)

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726.89 kJ

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Round off each of the following quantities to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. 726.891 kJ (5)

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T = 32.4° C 3 significant figures

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What is the temperature reading on the Celsius thermometer? How many significant figures do you have in your answer?

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The boiling and freezing points of water are constants. Water boils at 212 °F, 100 °C, or 373.15 K. Although these temperatures are equivalent, the scales used to measure them are different. Water freezes at 32 °F, 0 °C, or 273.15 K. Note that these conversions are based on the fact that water will boil or freeze at a certain temperature regardless of the scale used to measure it.

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37.0 °C Notice that the conversion factor includes the fraction 5 °C/9 °F. This indicates that for every change of 5 °C, there is a change of 9 °F. Because a change of 1 Celsius degree is approximately the same as a change of 2 Fahrenheit degrees, you can double the temperature in Celsius and add 30 to quickly estimate a temperature in degrees Fahrenheit from a Celsius measurement. This estimation method is useful for Americans traveling abroad.

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The average normal human body temperature is 98.6 °F. What is normal body temperature in degrees Celsius?

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310.2 K

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The average normal human body temperature is 98.6 °F. What is normal body temperature in kelvins?

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?33.3°C

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Convert ?28.0 °F to Celsius.

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T? = 194 K

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Carry out the indicated temperature conversions. -79 ?C = ? K

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T? = 300 °F

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Carry out the indicated temperature conversions. 149 ?C = ? ?F

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T? = 179 °F

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Carry out the indicated temperature conversions. 355 K = ? ?F

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T = 3422 °C

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Tungsten, the element used to make filaments in lightbulbs, has a melting point of 6192 °F. Convert this temperature to degrees Celsius.

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T = 3695 K

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Tungsten, the element used to make filaments in lightbulbs, has a melting point of 6192 °F. Convert this temperature to Kelvins.

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T°F = 325 °F

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Suppose that your oven is calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit but a recipe calls for you to bake at 163 °C. What oven setting should you use?

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2.6 × 10??

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Express this number in scientific notation. 0.00026

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Kilograms

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What is the basic SI (Systeme Internationale) unit of mass?

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kilograms (kg)

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Which of the following is a unit of measurement for mass?

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1340000 = 1.34×10? (So 1.34×106=1.34×10×10×10×10×10×10=1340000.)

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Type the number 1340000 in scientific notation.

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0.000354 = 3.54×10?? So 3.54×10?4=3.54× 1/(10×10×10×10)=0.000354

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Type the number 0.000354 in scientific notation.

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The number 1.23×10? is the greatest number in the group because its exponent is the greatest.

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Rank the following numbers.

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Scientific Notation vs. Standard Notation

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3.14×10³ = 3140 Thus 3.14×10³=3.14×10×10×10=3140.

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Type the number 3.14×10³ in standard notation.

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8.75×10?? = 8.75×10?? Thus 8.17×10?4=8.17×(1/10x10x10x10)=0.000817

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Type the number 8.75×10?? in standard notation.

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1.27×10??

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Convert the number 0.000127 to scientific notation, then enter the answer using the MasteringChemistry format.

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2.4×10?? The MasteringChemistry format can be used to actually perform the calculations as well as just for entering the final answer. However, be sure that you know how to do the same operations on your calculator when not using MasteringChemistry.

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Use your calculator to determine the answer to the following calculation: (1.0×10?¹?/4.2×10??) Express the answer in MasteringChemistry format using two significant figures.

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1×10?? and 1×10?? Comparison of numbers in scientific notation is sometimes easier to do if all numbers are converted to have the same exponent.

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4.3×10?? is between which two numbers?

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0.5×10¹¹, 50×10?, 500×10? The number 5×10¹? literally means 5 multiplied by 10 to the 10th power, which is equivalent to multiplying 50 by 10 to the 9th power, 500 by 10 to the 8th power, or 0.5 by 10 to the 11th power.

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Which of the following are equal to 5×10¹??

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3.54 mL Looking at the "zoomed-in" view, you can see that the bottom of the meniscus is slightly more than halfway between 3.4 and 3.6. The uncertainty in the final digit is actually 0.04 mL to 0.08 mL depending on the quality of the graduated cylinder. The answer is therefore 3.54 ± 0.08 mL. Some may be tempted to round this to 3.5 mL, but that understates the precision in the last digit.

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How many milliliters of liquid does the smaller graduated cylinder contain?

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1.5 mL

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How many milliliters of liquid does the larger graduated cylinder contain?

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The smaller.

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If you could use only one of these graduated cylinders, which graduated cylinder would more precisely measure a given volume of liquid?

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volume

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I filled my gas tank with 12 L of gasoline.

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length

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My friend is 170 cm tall.

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length

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We are 385000 km away from the Moon.

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time

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The horse won the race by 1.2 s.

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kilometer length

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4.8 km The name of the unit is The type of measurement is

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milligram mass

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325 mg The name of the unit is The type of measurement is

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milliliter volume

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1.5 mL The name of the unit is The type of measurement is

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seconds time

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480 s The name of the unit is The type of measurement is

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Celsius temperature

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28 °C The name of the unit is

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5.6×10? m

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56000 m written in scientific notation?

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4.3×10² g

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430 g written in scientific notation?

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6×10?? cm

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0.000006 cm written in scientific notation?

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5.1×10?? s

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0.00051 s written in scientific notation?

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4.84×10?³ L

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0.00484 L written in scientific notation?

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6.9×10? kg

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690000 kg written in scientific notation?

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7.2×10³ cm

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Which number is larger? 8.2×10²cm 7.2×10³cm

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3.2×10?² kg

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Which number is larger? 4.5×10?? kg 3.2×10?² kg

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1×10? L

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Which number is larger? 1×10?? L 1×10? L

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6.8×10?² m

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Which number is larger? 0.00052 m 6.8×10?² m

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0.005 m

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Write each of the following as standard numbers 5×10?³ m

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4000000 g

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Write each of the following as standard numbers 4×10? g

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0.0825 kg

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Write each of the following as standard numbers 8.25×10?² kg

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12000 s

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Write each of the following as standard numbers 1.2×10? s

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3.72?10?¹? m

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Express the following quantities in scientific notation. The diameter of a sodium atom, 0.000000000372 m.

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5.58?10? m

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Express the following quantities in scientific notation. The distance from the Earth to the Mars 55,800,000 m.

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Fundamental SI units are base units from which all derived units are formed.

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What is the difference between a derived SI unit and a fundamental SI unit?

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m A kg

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Choose the fundamental SI units.

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Pa mL dm³

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Choose the derived SI units.

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kg m K m³ J kg/m³

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What SI units are used for measuring the following quantities? For derived units, express your answers in terms of the six fundamental units. Mass Length Temperature Volume Energy Density

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1 dm³=1 L

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What is the difference between a cubic decimeter (SI) and a liter (metric)?

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6.02×10¹ km

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Which quantity in each of the following pairs is larger? 5.63×10? cm 6.02×10¹ km

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46 ?s

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Which quantity in each of the following pairs is larger? 3.2×10?² ms 46 ?s

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985,449 g

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Which quantity in each of the following pairs is larger? 985,449 g 7.51×10? mg

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3.6665×10? m³

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The Vehicle Assembly Building at the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, is the largest building in the world, with a volume of 3,666,500 m3. Express this volume in scientific notation.

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7926 mi

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The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 7926.381 mi. Round off this quantity to four significant figures

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7900 mi

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The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 7926.381 mi. Round off this quantity to two significant figures

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270 mg antibiotic/50 kg body mass

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Which of the following is a conversion factor for the statement below? A dosage for an antibiotic is 270 mg for 50 kg of body mass.

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6.71×10? miles/h

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The conversion factor relating miles to meters is 1mile=1610m. The speed of light is 3.00×10? m/s. How fast is this in miles per hour (miles/h)?

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1760 ft²

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The conversion factor relating feet to meters is 1 ft=0.305 m. Keep in mind that when using conversion factors, you want to make sure that like units cancel leaving you with the units you need. You have been told that a certain house is 164 m² in area. How much is this in square feet?

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1947 °F

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The melting point of gold is 1064 °C. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

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V = 6×10?¹¹ cm³

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How large, in cubic centimeters, is the volume of a red blood cell if the cell has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6×10?? m and a height of 2×10?? m?

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m = 8.88 g m = 0.313 ounces

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Gemstones are weighed in carats, with 1 carat = 200 mg (exactly). What is the mass in grams of the Hope Diamond, the world's largest blue diamond at 44.4 carats? What is this mass in ounces?

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9 pm = 9×10?¹? cm 9 pm = 9×10?³ nm

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Carry out the following conversions. 9 pm =____ cm=____ nm

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8.6 cm³ = 8.6×10?? m³ 8.6 cm³ = 8600 mm³

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8.6 cm³ =____ m³=____ mm³

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62.6 mg = 6.26×10?² g 62.6 mg = 6.26×10¹? pg

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62.6 mg =____ g=____ pg

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m = 110 g

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How many grams of meat are in a quarter-pound hamburger (0.25 lb)?

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h = 443.2 m

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How tall in meters is the Sears Tower in Chicago (1454 ft)?

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A = 7.6181×10¹² m²

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How large in square meters is the land area of Australia (2941526 mi2)?

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5.9 in = 0.15 m

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 5.9 in .

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66.53 lb = 30.18 kg

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 66.53 lb

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0.5600 gal = 2.120×10?³ m3

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 0.5600 gal .

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62 mi/h = 28 m/s

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 62 mi/h .

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977.4 yd³ = 747.3 m³

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 977.4 yd³ .

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2.390 mi² = 6.190×10? m²

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Convert the following quantities into SI units with the correct number of significant figures. 2.390 mi²

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vcm/shake = 0.57 cm/shake

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Among many alternative units that might be considered as a measure of time is the shake rather than the second. Based on the expression "faster than a shake of a lamb's tail," we'll define 1 shake as equal to 2.5×10?4 s. If a car is traveling at 51 mi/h , what is its speed in cm/shake?

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hcm = 190 cm

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The height of a horse is usually measured in hands instead of in feet, where 1 hand equals 1/3 ft (exactly). How tall (in centimeters) is a horse of 18.7 hands ?

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V = 0.26 m3

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The height of a horse is usually measured in hands instead of in feet, where 1 hand equals 1/3 ft (exactly). What is the volume (in cubic meters) of a box measuring 6 × 3.0 × 14 hands ?

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7.9 g/mL

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You add 8.8 g iron to 26.60 mL of water and observe that the volume of iron and water together is 27.72 mL . Calculate the density of iron.

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12.4 L A 142-kilometer trip is approximately 90 miles so it would make sense that it would take about 8-16 liters (or 2-4 gallons) of gas to make that trip, depending on the efficiency of your car.

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In Europe, gasoline efficiency is measured in km/L. If your car's gas mileage is 27.0 mi/gal , how many liters of gasoline would you need to buy to complete a 142-km trip in Europe? Use the following conversions: 1km=0.6214mi and 1gal=3.78L.

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84.9 dollars After a fairly heavy week of driving, this would be an appropriate amount of money to spend on gas.

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While in Europe, if you drive 123 km per day, how much money would you spend on gas in one week if gas costs 1.10 euros per liter and your car's gas mileage is 33.0 mi/gal ? Assume that 1euro=1.26dollars.

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33.6 km/h Approximately 33-35 kilometers per hour is equal to 20-22 miles per hour. This is the top speed that humans can possibly move on foot. Even the best sprinters in the world would not beat this speed by much. Answers that are much higher than this would not be possible by humans. Answers that are much lower than this would be too slow for a top athlete.

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A sprinter set a high school record in track and field, running 200.0 m in 21.4 s . What is the average speed of the sprinter in kilometers per hour?

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0.560 kg The recommended daily amount of dietary fat (based on a 2000 calories a day diet) is about 67 g (0.067 kg).

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A specific brand of gourmet chocolate candy contains 7.00 g of dietary fat in each 22.7-g piece. How many kilograms of dietary fat are in a box containing 4.00 lb of candy?

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4.43×10? g

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A particular brand of gasoline has a density of 0.737 g/mL at 25 ?C. How many grams of this gasoline would fill a 15.9 gal tank (1US gal=3.78L)?

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7.0 g/cm³ The density of this object is greater than that of water (1.0 g/mL) so it would sink in water. Intuitively, this makes sense as the majority of metals sink in water.

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A block of metal has a width of 3.2 cm, a length of 17.1 cm, and height of 3.4 cm . Its mass is 1.3 kg . Calculate the density of the metal.

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mass = 157 g

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The density of iron is 7.87 g/mL. What is the mass of a 5.00 cm × 4.00 cm × 1.00 cm block of iron?

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V = 4.28 mL

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Chloroform, a substance once used as an anesthetic, has a density of 1.483 g/mL at 20 °C.

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m = 1000 kg

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The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm³. What is the mass (in kilograms) of a cube of silver that measures 0.46 m on each side?

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V? = 0.20 cm³ V? = 1.59×10? cm³

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Aspirin has a density of 1.40 g/cm3. What is the volume (in cubic centimeters) of an aspirin tablet weighing 2.8×102 mg ? Of a tablet weighing 492 lb ?

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? = 11 g/cm

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What is the density of lead (in g/cm3 ) if a rectangular bar measuring 0.50 cm in height, 1.55 cm in width, and 25.00 cm in length has a mass of 217.1 g ?

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2000 mg/L 2000 ?g/mL 2 g/L 2000 ng/?L

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Amounts of substances dissolved in solution are often expressed as mass per unit volume. For example, normal human blood has a cholesterol concentration of about 200mg/100mL. Express this concentration in the following units. mg/L ?g/mL g/L ng/?L

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m = 10 g

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How much total blood cholesterol in grams does a person have if the normal blood volume in the body is 5 L?

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V = 2.52 cm³ N = 4.45×10²³ C atoms

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A pure diamond with a mass of 0.1000 g contains 5.014×10²¹ carbon atoms and has a density of 3.52 g/cm³. What is the volume of the Hope Diamond, the world's largest blue diamond at 44.4 carats? (1 carat = 200 mg) How many carbon atoms does it contain?

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Vft³ = 2.18×10? ft³ V = 3.92×10? acre?feet

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The volume of water used for crop irrigation is measured in acre?feet, where 1 acre?foot is the amount of water needed to cover 1 acre of land to a depth of 1 ft. If there are 640 acres per square mile, how many cubic feet of water are in 5 acre?feet? How many acre-feet are in Lake Erie (total volume=116mi3)?

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Tg,ns,kL Even though all SI prefix-unit combinations are possible, not all of them are commonly used. The prefix centi, for example, is commonly used with meters, but not so commonly with grams, which is why you have probably heard of a centimeter, but not a centigram. The prefix mega, while commonly used with non-SI units such as pixels and bytes, is not often used for meters.

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What are the abbreviations for a teragram, a nanosecond, and a kiloliter, respectively?

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Rank the following quantities in order of decreasing mass.

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0.01 1000 0.001 10¹² 10? 10?¹²

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Write the numerical values for each of the following prefixes. centi kilo milli tera mega pico

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nanosecond mL cm Mg fL ns

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Write the abbreviation for each of the following units: nanometer milliliter centimeter megagram femtoliter nanosecond

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1 m = 1×10? nm

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Complete the following metric relationship.

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1 dm = 0.1 m

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Complete the following metric relationship.

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1 L = 1000 mL

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Complete the following metric relationship.

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kiloliter

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Which is the larger unit? milliliter kiloliter

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milliliter

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Which is the larger unit? milliliter microliter

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kg

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Which is the larger unit? kg g

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kL

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Which is the larger unit? kL dL

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nanometer

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Which is the larger unit? nanometer picometer

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1 m = 100 cm 1 m/100 cm and 100 cm/1 m

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centimeters and meters Conversion factors are

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1 g = 1000 mg 1 g/1000 mg and 1000 mg/1 g

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milligrams and grams Conversion factors are

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1 L = 1000 mL 1 L/1000 mL and 1000 mL/1 L

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liters and milliliters Conversion factors are

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1 dL = 100 mL 1 dL/100 mL and 100 mL/1 dL

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deciliters and milliliters Conversion factors are

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1 yd = 3 ft 1 yd/3 ft and 3 ft/1 yd

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One yard is 3 ft Conversion factors are

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1 kg = 2.20 lb 1 kg/2.20 lb and 2.20 lb/1 kg

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One kilogram is 2.20 lb. Conversion factors are

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1 min = 60 s 1 min/60 s and 60 s/1 min

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One minute is 60 s. Conversion factors are

question

1 gal = 27 mi 1 gal/27 mi and 27 mi/1 gal

answer

A car goes 27 miles on 1 gal of gas. Conversion factors are

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100 g sterling = 93 g silver 100 g sterling/93 g silver and 93 g silver/100 g sterling

answer

Sterling silver is 93% by mass silver. Conversion factors are

question

answer

Identify the numbers from the statements above as exact or measured.

question

3

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 2.20 lb.

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2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 27 miles.

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2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 93 g of silver.

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1 s = 3.5 m 1 s / 3.5 m and 3.5 m / 1 s

answer

Write the equality and give conversion factors for each of the following statements. A bee flies at an average speed of 3.5 m per second.

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1 day = 3500 mg of potassium 1 day / 3500 mg potassium and 3500 mg potassium / 1 day

answer

The daily requirement for potassium is 3500 mg.

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1 gal of gasoline = 46.0 km 1 gal gasoline / 46.0 km and 46.0 km / 1 gal gasoline

answer

An automobile traveled 46.0 km on 1 gal of gasoline.

question

1 tablet = 50. mg of Atenolol 1 tablet / 50. mg Atenolol and 50. mg Atenolol / 1 table

answer

The label on a bottle reads 50. mg of Atenolol per tablet.

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1 kg of plums = 29 ?g of pesticide 1 kg plums / 29 ?g pesticide and 29 ?g pesticide / 1 kg plums

answer

The pesticide level in plums was 29 ppm

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1 tablet = 81 mg of aspirin 1 tablet / 81 mg aspirin and 81 mg aspirin / 1 tablet

answer

A low-dose aspirin tablet contains 81 mg of aspirin.

question

answer

Identify the numbers from the statements above as exact or measured.

question

2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 3.5 m.

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2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 3500 mg of potassium.

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3

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 46.0 km.

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2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 50. mg of Atenolol.

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2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 29 ?g of pesticide.

question

2

answer

Give the number of significant figures for 81 mg of aspirin.

question

1.20 × 10? J

answer

During a daily trip to the gym, you burned 288 kcal by running on the treadmill. Convert this value to joules.

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V = 32.1 mL 3

answer

How many milliliters of water does the graduated cylinder in (a) contain? How many significant figures do you have in this answer?

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h = 2.78 cm 3

answer

How tall in centimeters is the paper clip in (b)? How many significant figures do you have in this answer?

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A Celsius degree is larger than a Fahrenheit.

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Which is larger, a Fahrenheit degree or a Celsius degree?

question

9/5

answer

By how much?

question

1 cal = 4.184 J 1 ft = 12 in

answer

Which of the following statements use exact numbers?

question

1 ng = 1000 pg

answer

How many picograms are in 1 ng?

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35 ng = 3.5×10? pg

answer

How many picograms are in 35 ng?

question

5.7×10?? cm

answer

Which quantity in each of the following pairs is smaller? 161 pm or 5.7×10?? cm

question

1.7×10¹¹ ?m

answer

Which quantity in each of the following pairs is smaller? 1.7×10¹¹ ?m or 2.7×10² km

question

3 GA

answer

Which quantity in each of the following pairs is smaller? 3 GA or 3.3×1015?A

question

6 6 4 3 2,3,4,5 5

answer

How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 35.0445 g 59.0001 cm 0.03003 kg 0.00450 m 67,000 m² 3.8200 ×10³ L

question

3.568×10? m 3.56801×10? m 71 g 70.7 g 4910 cm 2.3032×10?? kg

answer

Round off the following quantities to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. 3.568008 × 10? m (4) 3.568008 × 10? m (6) 70.651 g (2) 70.651 g (3) 4906 cm (3) 2.30323 × 10?? kg (5)

question

10.6 21 4.8×10?² 5527 87.7 14

answer

Express the results of the following calculations with the correct number of significant figures. 4.938 × 2.15 98.03 ÷ 4.7 4.7 ÷ 98.03 5502.5 + 24 + 0.04 86.2 + 1.49 - 0.01 5.7 × 2.53

question

1.93×10? mg/mi

answer

In the U.S., the emissions limit for carbon monoxide in motorcycle engine exhaust is 12.0 g of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. What is this limit expressed in mg per mile with the correct number of significant figures?

question

? = 2.33 g/cm³

answer

When an irregularly shaped chunk of silicon weighing 8.763 g was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 25.00 mL of water, the water level in the cylinder rose to 28.76 mL. What is the density of silicon in g/cm³?

question

993,1695 °C 1819,3083 °F

answer

Sodium fluoride has a melting point of 1266 K and a boiling point of 1968 K . Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius. Convert these temperatures to degrees Fahrenheit.

question

V = 71.13 mL

answer

The density of chloroform, a widely used organic solvent, is 1.4832 g/mL at 20 °C. How many milliliters would you use if you wanted 105.5 g of chloroform?

question

200 3.3 mL 26 Cal/kiss 51%

answer

A bag of Hershey's Kisses contains the following information: Serving size: 9pieces= 41grams Calories per serving: 230. Total fat per serving: 13 g The bag contains 2.0 lb of Hershey's Kisses. How many Kisses are in the bag? The density of a Hershey's Kiss is 1.4 g/mL. What is the volume of a single Hershey's Kiss? How many calories are in one Hershey's Kiss? Each gram of fat yields 9 Calories when metabolized. What percent of the calories in Hershey's Kisses are derived from fat?

question

T final = 42.6 °C

answer

A 115 mL sample of water at 300.0 K was heated for 9 min , 28 s so as to give a constant temperature increase of 3.0 °F/min. What is the final temperature of the water in degrees Celsius?

question

126 lb

answer

Weights in England are commonly measured in stones, where 1 stone=14 lb. What is the weight (in pounds) of a person who weighs 9.00 stones ?

question

2300 kJ 6.3 hours

answer

A Big Mac hamburger from McDonald's contains 540 Calories How many kilojoules does a Big Mac contain? For how many hours could the amount of energy in a Big Mac light a 100 watt lightbulb? (1 watt = 1 J/s)

question

In moist air it combines with oxygen to form aluminum oxide, and it reacts with chlorine to form aluminum chloride. It has a mass of 27.3 g, it is hard, it is cold to touch.

answer

Substances have both chemical properties and physical properties. Which of the following properties of aluminum are chemical properties? Which of the following properties of a ice cube are physical properties?

question

Note that two extensive properties such as mass and volume can combine to give an intensive property such as density.

answer

Physical properties can be classified as either intensive properties or extensive properties. An intensive property is independent of the amount of the sample. An extensive property varies with the amount of the sample. Classify the following as intensive or extensive properties of gold.

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the density, and melting point, of the sample A sample of any substance in the universe could have any given volume. This extensive property does not narrow down the identity of the unknown sample in any way. However, very few substances have a density of 19.3 g/mL, are lustrous yellow in color, and melt at 1064 ?C. For this reason, intensive properties are most useful for identifying unknown substances.

answer

You are given a sample resembling gold. Which of the following properties could be used to help determine whether the sample is really gold?

question

Keep in mind that not all metals are transition metals or inner transition metals. For example, all the elements of groups 1 and 2 are metallic, but they are main group elements.

answer

Classify the following elements as main group elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals.

question

Elements within a group have similar chemical properties.

answer

Classify the following elements as halogens, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or noble gases.

question

answer

Match each element to its period.

question

answer

Classify the following elements as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid (semimetal).

question

2,1. This answer illustrates how Dalton's atomic theory explains the law of definite proportions. In any sample of water, no matter how large or small, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms will always be 2:1 because that is the ratio within one single molecule. Since each ammonia molecule contains three hydrogen atoms, there will always be three times as many H atoms as there are NH? molecules. 9.13×10²? H atoms

answer

What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms (H) to oxygen atoms (O) in 2 L of water? Enter the simplest whole number ratio in order of hydrogen to oxygen, respectively. How many atoms of hydrogen (H) are present in 200 molecules of ammonia (NH?)? A solution of ammonia and water contains 3.50×10²? water molecules and 7.10×10²? ammonia molecules. How many total hydrogen atoms are in this solution?

question

The composition of the atmosphere is determined by a complex interaction of both physical changes and chemical reactions.

answer

Which of following changes that affect the composition of our atmosphere involve physical changes and which involve chemical reactions?

question

condensation of ethanol, and evaporation of ethanol

answer

In a laboratory experiment, a fermenting aqueous solution of glucose and yeast produces carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. The solution was heated by burning natural gas in a Bunsen burner to distill the ethanol that formed in the flask. During the distillation, the ethanol evaporated and then condensed in the receiving flask. The flame of the burner was kept too close to the bottom of the flask and some of the glucose decomposed into a black carbon deposit on the inside of the flask. During this experiment the following changes occurred. Which of these changes involved a physical change and not a chemical change?

question

As early as 400 B.C., Greek philosophers proposed that matter was made up of particles. During the 1800s, John Dalton linked the idea of atoms with the chemical identity of an element. His atomic theory of matter involved the following postulates. 1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of other elements. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms. Scientists later discovered isotopes, which showed that the second postulate was not entirely true, and nuclear reactions, which showed that the third postulate was not true.

answer

Applying Dalton's Atomic Theory

question

N2+O2?2NO In this reaction, the atoms rearrange but they do not change their identities.

answer

Which of the following reactions is possible according to Dalton's atomic theory?

question

6.40 g

answer

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This can be gleaned from the third postulate in Dalton's series. Magnesium oxide decomposes into magnesium and oxygen. If 16.12 g of magnesium oxide decomposes to form 9.72 g of magnesium, what mass of oxygen gas is also released in the reaction?

question

For two compounds of C and O, the mass ratio of C to O in one compound is a multiple of the mass ratio of C to O in the other compound. The mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in CO is 1.33 for every sample of CO. The mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in CO2 is 2.667 for every sample of CO2. (Elements can combine in different ways to form different substances whose mass ratios are small whole-number multiples of each other.)

answer

When carbon is oxidized in a small amount of oxygen, the principle product formed is carbon monoxide (CO). When the oxidation occurs in a higher concentration of oxygen, the principle product formed is carbon dioxide (CO2). The mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon dioxide (CO2) is twice the mass ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon monoxide (CO). Identify the statements that are correct.

question

2

answer

Calculate the ratio of the mass ratio of S to O in SO to the mass ratio of S to O in SO2. Estimate that the mass of S = 32 g and the mass of O = 16 g for this experiment. That is, the experimenter has enough sample such that there are 32 g of S in each.

question

In this example you were told that there was enough of element X in each sample such that each had 2 g of X. Atoms actually have masses on the magnitude of 10?²³ g, and chemists talk about the mass of a sample of atoms or molecules in terms of the mass of a mole (6.022×10?²³ molecules) of the species. The units for the atomic mass of an atom are g/mol or amu, reflecting that there are many atoms of the species in the measured sample.

answer

The elements X and Y combine in different ratios to form four different types of compounds: XY, XY?, XY?, and XY?. Consider that there is enough of each sample to contain 2 g of X, and the mass of X is estimated to be 2 g and the mass of Y is estimated to be 4 g. Arrange the following ratios in order of their increasing value.

question

3

answer

Two different compounds are obtained by combining nitrogen with oxygen. The first compound results from combining 46.7 g of N with 53.3 g of O, and the second compound results from combining 22.5 g of N and 77.4 g of O. Calculate the ratio of the mass ratio of O to N in the second compound to the mass ratio of O to N in the first compound.

question

Notice the heavy zigzag line running diagonally across the right part of the table. This line separates metals (below and to the left of the line) from the nonmetals (above and to the right of the line). Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions, whereas nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions.

answer

Metals vs. nonmetals

question

8 The atomic number is the number of protons in one atom of an element. One oxygen atom contains 8 protons. A neutral oxygen atom also contains 8 electrons.

answer

What is the atomic number of the element located in group 16, period 2 of the periodic table?

question

17 Elements in group 17 must gain an electron to have the same number of electrons as the adjacent noble gas. For example, F has 9 electrons, but it would be more stable if it had 10 electrons like Ne. Therefore, F will react to form a 1? ion (with 9 protons and 10 electrons).

answer

If a new element were discovered and it was found to form 1? ions, in which group would you place it in the periodic table?

question

phosphorus

answer

Which of the following elements is not a metal?

question

Water Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. Water (H?O) is a compound that can be broken down into its elements, hydrogen and oxygen.

answer

Which of the following is not an element?

question

Boron and aluminum

answer

Which of the following elements are found in group 3A or 3?

question

Mg

answer

Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal?

question

When 20.0 g of nitrogen and 32.0 g of oxygen are combined and allowed to react in two separate experiments, both times the product contains 14.0 g of nitrogen and 32.0 g of oxygen.

answer

Which of the following situations demonstrates the law of definite proportions?

question

Atoms of a particular element are alike.

answer

Which of the following statements was formulated by Dalton in his atomic theory?

question

The rusting of the metal is a chemical change.

answer

You happen to be visiting Northern California and you are driving by Suisun Bay, a notorious graveyard for old ships. You notice that all of these ships appear to be rusting away. Which of the following statements is true?

question

Black ice is an example of a physical change.

answer

Black ice is a thin layer of water on a sidewalk or road that has frozen after the temperature has dropped below freezing. It is called black ice because the ice is nearly invisible, especially when driving in a car at night. Which of the following statements is true?

question

The mass of the new mixture will stay the same.

answer

On a balance, you have beakers of AgNO? solution and NaCl solution. When mixed, they will form AgCl(s). What will happen to the mass of the new mixture?

question

FeO

answer

Two iron oxide samples are given to you where one is red and the other is black. You perform a chemical analysis and you find that the red sample has a Fe/O mass ratio of 2.327 and the black has a Fe/O mass ratio of 3.491. You suspect the red sample is simple rust or Fe?O?. What is the chemical formula for the black sample?

question

Hg Sn Ni

answer

Look at the alphabetical list of elements, and find the symbols for the following elements. Mercury (used in batteries) Tin (used in alloys with other metals) Nickel (used in smoke detectors)

question

Cu,Ag,Au

answer

The three so-called "coinage metals" are located near the middle of the periodic table. Use the periodic table to identify them.

question

metal semimetal nonmetal metal metal nonmetal

answer

Identify the following elements as metals, nonmetals, or semimetals. Pt Te Se Sc Mn Ar

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