Chem 1115 Unit 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| Chemistry is the study of what? |
Matter and the changes matter undergoes.
|
| What is matter? |
| the stuff that make up all things |
| What are the three states of matter? |
Liquid Solid Gas |
| What are the properties of a gas? |
indefinite shape indefinite volume particles widely separated particles moving rapidly |
| What are the properties of the liquid state? |
indefinite shape fixed volume particles in close contact particles(or cluster of particles) can move past one another |
| What is a pure substance? |
| a substance that contains only one kind of matter with a specific composition |
| What can a pure substance be? |
an element when composed of one type of atom a compound when composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
| What are elements? |
| pure substances that contain one type of atom |
| What are atoms? |
| the smallest unit of matter that has a chemical identity |
| What are compounds? |
| a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms in definite ratios |
| What is a molecule? |
| two or more atoms bonded together to form a unit with a distinct shape |
| What is a mixture? |
| Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity |
| What is a homogenous mixture? |
| the composition is uniform throught and the different parts are not visible |
| what kind of mixture is a solution? |
| A homogenous mixture |
| What is a heterogenous mixture? |
The composition is not uniform the different parts are visible the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another |
| What is filtration? |
| where solid substances are seperated from liquids and solutions |
| What is distillation? |
| uses the boiling points of substances to seperate a homogenous mixture into its components |
| what is chromatography? |
| seperates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent |
| how are physical properties observed? |
| they are observed without changing the identity and composition of a substance |
| How are chemical properties observed? |
| can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance |
| What are intensive properties? |
properties independent of how much substance there is Ex: density, boiling point, color |
| What are extensive properties? |
dependent on the amount of substance present Ex:mass, volume, energy |
| What are physical changes? |
| changes in matter that do not change the composition of the substance. |
| What are chemical changes? |
| chemical changes that result in new substances |
| What is a metal classified as on the periodic table of elements? |
shiny, ductile, and malleable solid at room temperature good conductors of heat and electricity |
| What are nonmetals classified as on the periodic table of elements? |
dull,brittle, and poor conductors gases at room temp except for Br Hg good insulators |
| What are metalloids clasified as on the periodic table of elements? |
better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals used as semiconductors and insulators |
| What happens when atoms of metals react with nonmetals? |
| lose electrons to form cations |
| what happens when nonmetals react with metals? |
| they gain electrons to form anions |
| What happens when nonmetals react with other nonmetals? |
| they share electrons to form covalent bonds |
| What are diatonic elements and which ones are they? |
nonmetallic elements that are more stable if they bond with another atom of the same element. I2,Br2,Cl2,F2,O2,N2,H2 |
| What is the scientific method? |
| a process used by scientists to learn more about nature and natural phenomena |
| What does the scientific method involve? |
make observations formulate hypothesis do experiments propose theories |
| What is a scientific law? |
| a statement summarizing observations that are consistently made in nature or in the lab |
| What is a hypothesis? |
| an unsupported statement that explains the observation |
| What are experiments? |
| procedures that test a hypothesis or theory |
| what is a scientific theory? |
| a tested explanation for a set of phenomena |
| Mega |
abbreviation M Meaning 106 |
| Kilo |
Abbreviation k Meaning 103 |
| Centi |
Abbreviation c Meaning 10-2 |
| Milli |
Abbreviation m Meaning 10-3 |
| Micro |
Abbreviation µ Meaning 10-6 |
| Nano |
Abbreviation n Meaning 10-9 |
| What is precision? |
| the proximity of several measurements to each other or the fineness of a measurement |
| What is Accuracy? |
| The proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity |
| What is a property? |
| Any charateristic that is used to recognize a type of matter and to distinguish matter from other matter |
| What is the law of constant composition? |
| law stating that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same |
| How many meters in a kilometer? |
| 1000 |
| How many millimeters in a meter? |
| 1000 |
| how many millimeters in a centimeter? |
| 10 |
| How many milliliters in a liter? |
| 1000 |
| How many milliliters in a decaliter? |
| 100 |
| what does one milliliter equal? |
| one cm3 |
| How many grams in a kilogram? |
| 1000 |
| how many milligrams in a gram? |
| 1000 |
