Chem 1020 Test #2 – Flashcards
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What is the group that distinguishes alcohols from other classes of compounds?
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hydroxy
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Oxygen in an __________ is directly associated with a hydrogen.
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alcohol
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The oxygen in an __________ is not directly bound to a hydrogen.
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ether
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To which class of compounds does cholesterol belong?
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an alcohol
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Compare glycerol with ethanol.
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Glycerol is a long chain alcohol, ethanol is a short chain alcohol.
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__________ is considered a tertiary alcohol.
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2-methyl-2-butanol
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___________ is only slightly soluble in water.
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1-hexanol
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___________ would be made from an alcohol by a dehydration reaction.
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alkene
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What is used in automobile antifreeze?
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ethylene glycol
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What alcohol is found in alcoholic beverages?
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ethyl alcohol
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Glycerol is used as a
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moistening agent
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The phenol used in some mouthwashes and throat lozenges is
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hexylresorcinol
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A phenol used as an antioxidant food additive in vegetable oil is
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Vitamin E
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When phenol dissolves in water it functions as
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a weak acid
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The phenol in poison ivy sap that causes skin to blister is
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urushiol
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How can the solubility of alcohols be estimated?
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ratio of hydroxyl groups to carbon
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The IUPAC name of methyl ether is
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1-methoxyethane
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Ethers are __________ in water.
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slightly soluble
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Ethers generally have boiling points __________
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below those of comparable alcohols
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The chemical reactivity of ethers is most similar to
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alkanes
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Oxidation of a thiol produces a
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disulfide
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An example of a heavy metal ion which reacts with R-SH is
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Pb 2+
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Dehydration of an alcohol will produce an
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alkene
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Oxidation of a tertiary alcohol will produce
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no reaction
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What compound is most soluble in water?
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1-pentanol
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In the acid catalyzed dehydration of an alcohol, the acid catalyst
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protonates the -OH to form an intermediate
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What compound class will most likely have an offensive odor?
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thiols
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What property of ethers account for it no longer being used in modern operating rooms?
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flammability
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Oxidation of a secondary alcohol will produce a
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ketone
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Testosterone would best be classified as
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polyfunctional
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What is the group that distinguishes aldehydes from most other classes of compounds?
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carbonyl
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What structural characteristic is shared by the aldehydes and the ketones?
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They both contain a carbonyl carbon.
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In the IUPAC nomenclature system, the name of which of the following would end in "-al"?
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an aldehyde
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To what characteristic do aldehydes and ketones owe their ability to form hydrogen bonds?
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having a doubly bonded oxygen
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What is the consequence of the ability of aldehydes and ketones to form hydrogen bonds?
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They both have boiling points less than the comparable weight alcohol.
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Assuming that molecular weights are comparable, which of the following compounds would you expect to be the highest boiling?
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alcohol
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Which product is formed when hydrogen is reacted with 3-methyl-2-butanone?
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secondary alcohol
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What is a requirement of Tollens' reagent?
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The glassware should be grease-free
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What is a test for the presence of an aldehyde?
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Benedict's reagent
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A positive Benedict's test is indicated by the formation of __________.
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Copper (I) Oxide
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What is the reason for norethynodrel's ability to function as a contraceptive?
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It is capable of mimicking progesterone, establishing a false pregnancy.
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What, in injectable form, is used for contraception?
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progestin
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Predict the resultant compound class when an aldehyde is hydrogenated.
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alcohol
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The unstable product of the oxidation of an alcohol is a
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hemiacetal
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Unstable compound that converts to acetals in the presence of an alcohol and an acid is a
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hemiacetal
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To what class of compounds does glucose belong?
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cyclic hemiacetal
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What is the major difference between a cyclic hemiacetal and a cyclic acetal?
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the cyclic hemiacetal is an alcohol, whereas the cyclic acetal is an ether
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What reaction requires platinum as a catalyst?
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reduction of an aldehyde or ketone
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What is the result of a hydrolysis reaction?
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splitting of the molecule into the component substances
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What is the flavoring for margarine?
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biacetyl
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What is an aldehyde flavoring agent?
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vanillin
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What is an important organic solvent?
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acetone
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________ is extremely toxic.
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formaldehyde
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_________ is extremely flammable.
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acetone
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Overdose of _________ during pregnancy has proven to cause birth defects.
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Vitamin A
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________ is the active ingredient in many over the counter pain relieving creams.
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capsaicin
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What is a water soluble, organic solvent?
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acetone
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Oxidation of an aldehyde will produce
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a carboxylic acid
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Hydrogenation of an aldehyde will produce
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a primary alcohol
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Fully reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol will produce
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an acetal
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What is not a common side effect of norethynodrel?
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weight loss
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Formaldehyde is a __________ at room temperature.
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gas
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________ has a very high boiling point.
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butanal
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Properly ranked relative aqueous solubility of each functional group looks like
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alkene < ketone < aldehyde < alcohol
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What is the common name of 2-butanone?
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methyl ethyl ketone
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What is the substance that causes the symptoms associated with a hangover?
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ethanal
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The intermediate product of two moles of a primary alcohol and one mole of a ketone would be a
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hemiketal
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The condensed structural formula for an aldehyde is
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RCHO
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What substance is an integral portion of embalming fluid?
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methanal
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What ingredient has a characteristic medicinal odor and is used in some inhalants?
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camphor
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What substance can be used to produce a chemical tan?
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dihydroxyacetone
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What substance is found in the rinds of lemons, limes and oranges?
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citral
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What is used to represent an organic acid?
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COOH
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What acid is responsible for the stinging sensation from the bite of a fire ant?
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formic acid
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What is a source of oxalic acid?
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spinach
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Why were the acids among the first organic compounds studied?
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abundance
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What physical relationship is attributed to carboxylic acids?
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the boiling point of carboxylic acids increases with the molecular weight
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What is the IUPAC for 5-bromobenzoic acid?
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3-bromobenzoic acid
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Two molecules of a carboxylic acid are joined together by two hydrogen bonds. This is referred to as a
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dimer
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What condition would favor the carboxylate ion instead of the carboxylic acid?
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high pH
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What is the name of the potassium salt of m-ethylbenzoic acid?
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potassium m-ethylbenzoate
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What is used as a mold inhibitor in bakery goods?
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calcium propionate
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What is an ingredient in soaps?
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sodium stearate
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The sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as
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a food preservative
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When a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol, the organic product is a
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ester
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The pleasant, characteristic odor of fruit flavorings is often associated with the presence of
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esters
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The IUPAC name of the ester formed from butanoic acid and ethanol is
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ethyl butanoate
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What would be the products if ethyl stearate was to undergo hydrolysis?
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ethanol and stearic acid
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The IUPAC name of the ester formed from methanol and benzoic acid is called
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methyl benzoate
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Saponification is a chemical reaction that
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results in an alcohol and a carboxylic acid
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Phosphate esters are prepared from
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phosphoric acid and alcohol
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Nitrate esters are found in some
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explosives
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Reacting a carboxylic acid with a base will produce
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a carboxylate salt
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Reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol will produce
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an ester
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A common preservative found in many foods to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold is
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sodium propanoate
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What correctly shows what is produced as a result of increased oxidation of carbon?
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alkene > alcohol > aldehyde > carboxylic acid
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What would be produced as the result of a dehydration reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
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an ester
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How many mL of a 0.150 M solution of KOH would be required to titrate 25.0 mL of a 0.125 M solution of the following acid?
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41.7 mL
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What is the functional group of a wax?
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ester
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What causes the noxious odor of rancid butter?
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butyric acid
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What is a antihistamine?
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a molecule with a structure similar to a histamine
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What statement about hay fever is correct?
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The condition is due to an allergy to such substances as pollen, mites, or pet fur.
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The proper name for 2-amino-3methylpropane is
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t-butylamine
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What amines can form hydrogen bonds with water?
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primary, secondary and tertiary
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Primary amines have boiling points slightly lower than those of ____ with comparable molecular weights.
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alcohols
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What is a characteristic of amines that is attributed to molecular size?
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the larger amines have an odor like that of decaying fish
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Amines function chemically as organic
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bases
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Some amine drugs are administered in the form of salts in order to
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make them more soluble in bodily fluids
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Acetaminophen is an amide. What distinguishes the amides from any other classes of compounds?
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they can be produced by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and ammonia
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Amides are formed as a product of reactions between
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carboxylic acids and amines
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The "fight or flight" hormone is
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epinephrine
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A substance which is used to constrict blood vessels in the vicinity where a local anesthetic is injected is
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epinephrine
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Amphetamines have structures similar to that of
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epinephrine
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The alkaloid present in cola drinks is
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caffeine
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An alkaloid used to reduce saliva flow in surgical patients is
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atropine
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An alkaloid present in some cough syrups is
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codeine
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The amide produced from pentanoic acid and ammonia is
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pentanamide
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What carbon amide would be the least soluble in water?
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disubstituted amides
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Hydrolysis of an amide under basic conditions produces
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a carboxylate salt and amine
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What is not a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?
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tryptophan
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Reacting an amine with water will produce
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an ammonium ion and hydroxide
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Reacting an amine with HCl will produce
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a salt
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Reacting an amine with an acid chloride will produce
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an amide plus HCl
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Benadryl has what base functional group
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amine
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Nylon, a polyamide, forms from the reaction of a diacid chloride and
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diamine
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Proteins are polymers produced by linking together amino acids, where the amino group of one will react with the acid group of another. What type of functional group is produced?
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amide
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The group of amines which serves as an important role as bridge compounds in our central nervous system is called
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neurotransmitters
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What has an odor that is associated with decaying flesh?
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1,5-diaminopentane
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What aspirin substitute does not have an anti-inflammatory effect?
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acetaminophen
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What amide is used for the treatment of insomnia?
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amobarbital
