CHEM 1020 Final Fall 2011 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Strong Base
answer
Completely dissociates into hydroxide ions and counter ions when dissolved in water
question
weak base
answer
patially dissociates into hydroxide ions and counter ions when dissolved in water
question
Neutralization
answer
the reaction betwee an acid and a base
question
salt
answer
an ionic compund formed from the reaction between and acid and a base
question
amphoteric
answer
a substance whose ability to behave as an acid is about the same as its ability to behave as a base
question
What is the ph of a solution?
answer
pH = -log [h3o+]
question
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
answer
7
question
Acidic pH values...
answer
< 7
question
neutral pH value
answer
7
question
basic pH values..
answer
> 7
question
pH scale goes from
answer
1-14
question
alkaline
answer
Having the properties of an alkali, or containing alkali; having a pH greater than 7 (aka a base)
question
buffer solution
answer
a solution that resiss changes in pH upon addition of an acid or a base
question
A buffer solution contains at least 2 things.... which are?
answer
- component to neutralize any incoming base
-a component to neutralize any incoming acid
question
oxidation
answer
The process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons
question
reduction
answer
The process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons.
question
oxidizing agent
answer
A reactant that causes another reactant to be oxidized.
question
reducing agent
answer
A reactant that causes another reactant to be reduced.
question
oxidation state
answer
the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge; "the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 and of oxygen is -2"
question
cathode
answer
The electrode where reduction occurs.
question
anode
answer
The electrode where oxidation occurs.
question
corrosion
answer
The deterioration of a metal, typically caused by atmospheric oxygen.
question
rust
answer
A reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by oxidation, esp. in the presence of moisture
question
Phosphoric acid fuel cell
answer
- continuous operation (long start-up cycle)
- stationary power applications
question
molton carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells
answer
- Operating temperatures above 1200?F
- Stationary Power applications
question
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
answer
- Lower temperature operation (100-200?F)
question
Combustion
answer
An oxidation/reduction reaction between a nonmetallic material and molecular oxygen.
question
allotrope
answer
Each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist. Graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon.
question
two allotropes of carbon
answer
- diamond
- graphite
question
two allotropes of phosphorus
answer
- white phosphorus
- red phosphorus
question
addition polymer
answer
A polymer formed by the joining together of monomer units with no atoms lost as the polymer forms.
question
hydrocarbon
answer
A chemical compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
question
structural isomers
answer
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different chemical structures.
question
conformation
answer
One of the possible spatial orientations of a molecule.
question
condensation polymer
answer
A polymer formed by the joining together of monomer units accompanied by the loss of a small molecule, such as water.
question
functional group
answer
A specific combination of atoms that behave as a unit in an organic molecule.
question
monomer
answer
The small molecular unit from which a polymer is formed.
question
polymer
answer
A long organic molecule made of many repeating units.
question
Vulcanization
answer
process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them.
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
question
Why is carbon so special? (2 bullets)
answer
- Carbon atoms connect with one another through strong and stable covalent bonds.
- Carbon also readily forms bonds with many other types of atoms.
question
Hydrocarbon names are based on:
answer
1) type,
2) # of carbons
question
Name will end in –ane
answer
all single bonds between carbon
question
naem will end in -ene
answer
at least one double bond between carbon
question
mnemonic for first four prefixes
answer
Monkeys, eat, peeled, bananas
M-meth
E- eth
P- Prop
B- But
question
where do hydrocarbons come from?
answer
fossil fuels
question
octane rating
answer
a meansure of how well a hydrocarbon fuel burns relation to two standards
question
saturated hydrocarbon
answer
a hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom is bonded to at least four other atomss
question
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
answer
A hydrocarbon in which a carbon atom is bonded to less than four other atoms.(This occurs when the hydrocarbon has one or more carbon/carbon double or triple bond)
question
Aromatic compound
answer
An organic compound containing three double bonds in a six-membered rings.
question
Latex Rubber
answer
- Sap of the Para rubber tree,
Hevea brasiliensis
- Samples first brought to Europe from Brazil by Charles Marie de La Condamine in 1736
- Named “rubber” by Robert Priestley in 1770 for its ability to remove pencil marks
question
carbohyrate
answer
A biomolecule that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and is produced by plants through photosynthesis.
question
carbohydrate metabolism
answer
the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
question
glycemic index
answer
A number representing the ability of a food, relative to that of glucose, to increase the level of glucose in the blood.
question
fat/oil
answer
A biomolecule that packs a lot of energy per gram and consists of a glycerol unit attached to three fatty acid molecules.
question
omega-3 fatty acids
answer
a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has its first double valence bond three carbons from the beginning.
question
trans fat
answer
the common name for unsaturated fat with trans-isomer fatty acid(s). Trans fats may be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated but never saturated.
question
fat metabolism
answer
a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body
question
low density lipoproteins
answer
Molecules made of lipids and proteins that carry cholesterol and fat through the bloodstream.
question
low density lipoproteins
answer
Molecules made of lipids and proteins that carry cholesterol and fat through the bloodstream.
question
High-density lipoproteins
answer
a form of cholesterol that attaches to low density lipoproteins and allows them to be absorbed out of blood vessels.
question
Polypeptide
answer
A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule
question
DNA
answer
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
question
Messenger-RNA
answer
The form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome.
question
Transfer-RNA
answer
RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome.
question
Transcription
answer
The process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template
question
Translation
answer
The process of bringing amino acids together according to the codon sequence on mRNA.
question
Codon
answer
A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
question
Clone
answer
A group of organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical.
question
Restriction enzyme
answer
An enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
question
Genetic engineering
answer
The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New