Chem 1 DSC – Flashcards
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| Ionic bonds |
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| When a metal interacts with a nonmetal it can transfer one or more of its electrons to the nonmetal. |
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| Covalent Bonds |
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| when a nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal by sharing electrons instead of transferring electrons. |
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| Empirical formulas |
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| gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound. |
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| Molecular Formulas |
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| gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound. |
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| Structural formula |
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| uses lines to represent covalent bonds |
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| Atomic Elements |
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| are those that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. |
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| Molecular Elements |
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| do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. these elements exist as molecules. |
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| Molecular Compounds |
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| are usually composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals. |
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| Ionic Compounds |
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| are composed of cations (usually one type of metal) and anions (usually one or more nonmetals) bound together by ionic bonds |
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| Acetate |
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| C2 H3 02 - |
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| Carbonate |
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| CO3 2- |
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| Hydrogen Carbonate or Bicarbonate |
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| HCO3 - |
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| Hydroxide |
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| OH - |
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| Nitrite |
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| NO2 - |
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| Nitrate |
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| NO3 - |
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| Chromate |
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| CrO4 2- |
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| Dichromate |
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| Cr2 O7 2- |
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| Phosphate |
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| PO4 3- |
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| Hydrogen phosphate |
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| HPO4 2- |
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| Di-hydrogen phosphate |
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| H2 PO4 - |
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| Ammonium |
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| NH4 + |
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| Hypochlorite |
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| ClO - |
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| Chlorite |
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| ClO2 - |
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| Cholrate |
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| ClO3 - |
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| Perchlorate |
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| ClO4 - |
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| Permanganate |
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| MnO4 - |
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| Sulfite |
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| SO3 2- |
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| Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite |
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| HSO3 - |
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| Sulfate |
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| SO4 2- |
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| Hydrogen Sulfate or bisulfate |
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| HSO4 - |
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| Cyanide |
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| CN- |
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| Peroxide |
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| O2 2- |
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| Oxyanions |
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| anions containing oxygen and another element |
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| Tetra |
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| 4 |
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| Penta |
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| 5 |
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| Hexa |
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| 6 |
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| hepta |
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| 7 |
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| octa |
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| 8 |
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| nona |
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| 9 |
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| deca 10 |
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| Acids |
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| are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water |
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| Binary acids |
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| are composed of a hydrogen and a nonmetal |
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| Oxyacids |
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| contain hydrogen and an oxyanion |
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| Oxyanions ending with -ate |
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| +ic acid |
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| Oxyanions ending with -ite |
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| +ous acid |
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| formula mass |
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| the average mass of a molecule |
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| Organic Compounds |
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| are composed of carbon and hydrogen and a few others |
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| hydrocarbons |
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| are made of only carbon and hydrogen |
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| hydrocarbons containing single bonds |
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| are called alkanes |
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| hydrocarbons containing double bonds |
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| alkenes |
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| hydrocarbons containing triple bonds |
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| alkynes |
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| Hydrocarbon number 1 |
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| meth |
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| Hydrocarbon number 2 |
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| eth |
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| Hydrocarbon number 3 |
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| prop |
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| Hydrocarbon number 4 |
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| but |
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| Hydrocarbon number 5 |
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| pent |
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| Hydrocarbon number 6 |
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| hex |
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| Hydrocarbon number 7 |
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| Hept |
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| Hydrocarbon number 8 |
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| oct |
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| Hydrocarbon number 9 |
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| non |
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| Hydrocarbon number |
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| dec |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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| in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed |
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| law of definite proportions |
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| all samples of a given compound regardless of their source or how they were prepared have the same proportions of their constituent elements |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| when two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds the masses of the element B that combine with 1 g of Element A can be expressed in a ratio of small whole numbers. |
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| Mass number |
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| sum of neutrons and protons |
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| Cations |
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| positive charge ions |
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| anions |
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| negative charge ions |
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| C-f temp |
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| c=(f-32)/1.8 |
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| Exa |
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| 10^18 |
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| Peta |
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| 10^15 |
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| tera |
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| 10^12 |
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| giga |
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| 10^9 |
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| mega |
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| 10^6 |
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| kilo |
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| 10^3 |
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| deci |
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| 10^-1 |
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| centi |
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| 10^-2 |
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| milli |
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| 10^-3 |
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| micro |
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| 10^-6 |
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| nano |
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| 10^-9 |
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| pico |
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| 10^-12 |
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| femto |
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| 10^-15 |
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| atto |
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| 10^-18 |
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| 1km= |
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| .6214 mile |
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| 1meter= |
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| 39.37 inches |
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| 1 foot= |
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| 30.48cm |
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| 39.37 inches= |
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| 1.094 yards |
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| 1kg= |
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| 2.205 lbs |
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| 1lb= |
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| 453.59g |
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| 1oz= |
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| 28.35grams |
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| 1 liter= |
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| 1000ml or 1000cm^3 1.057 qts |
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| 1 gal= |
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| 3.785 liters |
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| intensive property |
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| one that is independent of the amount of the substance |
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| extensive property |
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| depends on the amount of the substance |
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| Accuracy refers to |
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| how close the measured value is to the actual value |
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| precision refers to |
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| to how close a series of measurements are to one another and how reproducible they are |
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| Random error |
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| error that has equal probability of being to high or too low |
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| Systematic Error |
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| error that tends to be to high or two low. |
