question

Which of the following changes listed in the textbook as a result of brain aging?

answer

reaction time lengthens.

question

As the former captain of the football team, John organized a game for his 25th high-school class reunion. Afterward, all the players complained that they were aching, and that they were much stronger and faster in high school. What is the nature of their biosocial changes?

answer

Their fibers for Type I muscles have been reduced by about 25% since highschool.

question

Which of the following changes is listed in the textbook as a result of the brain aging?

answer

Reaction time lengthens

question

Harry is 65 years old and can hear well enough to understand a whisper spoken three feet away. In a sample of 65-year-old men, Harry would be:

answer

about average

question

Which of the following statements about hormone replacement therapy is true?

answer

Researchers now believe that the studies demonstrating its positive effects were invalid

question

To increase her sexual desire following menopause, Janie began

answer

taking testosterone supplements

question

The term male menopause is sometimes used to refer to

answer

a dip in testosterone in response to anxiety or sexual inactivity.

question

A woman in the US today is more likely to die from which type of cancer?

answer

lung

question

researchers on obesity agree that in middle age

answer

metabolism slows down by a third

question

what is one crucial factor for success when trying to break a habit

answer

social support

question

If a person is experiencing several stressors and the person's organs reserve is depleted the physiological toll of those stressors can

answer

speed up the heart

question

In which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

answer

problem focused

question

in which coping style do people try to change their emotion about a stressor

answer

emotion focused

question

When dealing with stressors, men tend to be____ in their style, while women tend to be ____.

answer

problem focused, emotion focused.

question

The tens of millions of Americans who live in neglected neighborhoods and who are of low socioeconomic status:

answer

tend to live as much as 30 years less than the 10 million healthiest Americans.

question

When Schaie conducted cross-sectional research comparing the cognitive abilities of adults of different ages, he found:

answer

a gradual decline in intellectual ability with age

question

Which of the following primary abilities declines the earliest in adulthood?

answer

number ability

question

Who has the best chance of maintaining intellectual abilities into late adulthood?

answer

Martin, who has a college education, a happy marriage, and a good retirement plan

question

The ability that involves crystallized intelligence to the greatest extent is:

answer

interpreting a chemical formula.

question

Which of the following statements about changes in intelligence is true?

answer

Age-related declines are first noted for skills that require speed of response

question

Analytic intelligence is particularly valued in:

answer

emerging adulthood.

question

When students take multiple-choice exams, they are using the form of intelligence that Sternberg calls:

answer

analytic.

question

Creative intelligence requires ______ thinking

answer

divergent

question

Betty is a retired registered nurse who fills in at the local hospital when the staff is in need of nurses. She is frequently called in without advance notice and must take over without any time to get oriented. Betty must rely on intelligence that Sternberg calls

answer

practical.

question

What did Baltes and Baltes call the capacity of adults to use their intellectual strengths to compensate for declining capacities?

answer

selective optimization with compensation

question

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, ______, and ______ in their thinking.

answer

strategic; flexible

question

According to many developmentalists, the key to successful aging is:

answer

the capacity to accommodate to changes over time.

question

Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study demonstrated that as adults grow older, their intellectual functioning increases if they:

answer

do paid work that is intellectually challenging.

question

The first visible signs of senescence may be observed in the

answer

skin

question

Most developmental theorists today believe that:

answer

stages of adult development are not entirely orderly and predictable

question

Which statement most accurately depicts researchers' current views on the midlife crisis?

answer

Believing in its existence may help middle-aged adults cope with the changes that occur

question

Matilda is usually a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

answer

agreeableness

question

Davetta is very organized and tends to conform easily. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

answer

conscientiousness

question

A particular lifestyle and social context that evokes and reinforces personality traits is called an

answer

ecological niche

question

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably

answer

prefer to work with people and have a busy social life

question

Which of the following personality traits tends to increase with age?

answer

agreeableness

question

The group of people who move through life with an individual providing protection and encouragement is their:

answer

social convoy.

question

As adults age, their friendships tend to

answer

improve

question

Typically, the relationship between middle-aged adults and their parents

answer

improves with age

question

In which country did a six-nation study find the highest rates of affection between adults and their aging parents?

answer

England

question

Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our new-found son." Jeremy is the family's

answer

fictive kin

question

Which of the following conditions affects the long-term quality of a marriage?

answer

the partners' personalities

question

When in a relationship is domestic violence most likely to appear?

answer

early in a relationship

question

Manuel and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years. Their youngest child left home six months ago. The quality of their marriage should:

answer

improve since they have more time to spend together.

question

Hal and Darcy endured many stressful years in their marriage resulting in much unhappiness. Over time, their marriage rebounded and improved. Research indicates that:

answer

learning to understand and forgive each other promotes happiness.

question

Although couples typically divorce because some aspects of the marriage have become difficult to endure, divorce has other impacts. What is one of the impacts that divorce has on couples?

answer

severs friendships

question

Research finds that women typically suffer from divorce more than men do, but what is one impact of divorce on aging fathers?

answer

increases loneliness

question

Research indicates that remarried people:

answer

have a greater chance of divorce than do people in first marriages

question

Aunt Emily is the family's kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for:

answer

gathering the family for holidays, sending birthday reminders, and disseminating family communications.

question

The notion of the sandwich generation

answer

is not very accurate.

question

Which of the following conditions do older employees tend to display?

answer

less absenteeism

question

During young adulthood, all body systems—including the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and sexual-reproductive systems—function:

answer

optimally.

question

Larry is 30 years old and will play tennis with 18-year-old Chris. They are equally matched in ability. Larry will probably

answer

need more rest afterward to allow bodily functions to return to normal

question

The term "organ reserve" refers to:

answer

the extra capacity available to an organ when subjected to stress

question

Fifty-year-olds can expect to retain ______ percent of the muscle strength they had at age 20.

answer

90

question

The most common time for males and females to have a baby is during

answer

young adulthood.

question

The maternal age range of peak fertility and peak newborn survival has always been:

answer

18-25 years.

question

Average well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of:

answer

psychopathology.

question

The diathesis-stress model of mental illness proposes that a combination of ______ and ______ produces mental disorders.

answer

genetic vulnerability; environmental stresses

question

Symptoms of depression do include:

answer

trouble concentrating and sleeping.

question

___________ disorders include panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

answer

Anxiety

question

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which a person becomes overwhelmed by:

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

Two factors that tend to maintain good exercise habits beyond emerging adulthood include:

answer

friendship and communities designed for activity.

question

A person's set point is affected by:

answer

age, genes, diet, hormones, and exercise

question

Derrick delivers messages on his bike all over the busy, hilly streets of downtown San Francisco. He engages in

answer

edgework

question

Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is called drug:

answer

abuse.

question

______ are the biggest substance abusers, but their illegal drug use drops much faster than their cigarette smoking or binge drinking.

answer

Emerging adults

question

A large university is attempting to reduce student alcohol and nicotine use. A survey was distributed to all students, and the results were published in the student newspaper. Fewer students than anticipated drank and smoked, much to many students' surprise. The university conducted this research using the:

answer

social norms approach.

question

The focus of postformal thought, the possible fifth stage of cognition, is:

answer

problem finding

question

Most emerging adults struggle with ______; however, adults gradually master it as their cognition matures.

answer

time management

question

Compared to formal operational thinking, postformal thought is characterized by:

answer

rationality.

question

A common logical error of emerging adults is delay discounting, the tendency to:

answer

undervalue events in the future.

question

A research study of people aged 13-45 found that logical skills improved from ______ to ______, then stayed steady.

answer

adolescence; emerging adulthood

question

Emily's parents were becoming exasperated. She just changed majors for the third time since her freshman year in college. As a junior, she would have additional prerequisite credits to complete to prepare for the new major. Emily is demonstrating:

answer

cognitive flexibility

question

William arrived at a large, culturally diverse university from a small isolated town, excited to start his college education. Quickly, though, he became fearful and suspicious of students different than himself. William needs to:

answer

use cognitive flexibility to counter the stereotypes he has learned.

question

The study in which adults were asked to suggest solutions to 15 real-life problems demonstrated that:

answer

familiarity with situations enabled adults to be more flexible.

question

Jeff is a fun-loving, intelligent, responsible teenager who likes to dye his hair different colors. However, he is concerned that other people might construe his hair color as reflection of low achievement. His concern is over:

answer

stereotype threat.

question

Alicia is a chemical engineer who has endured sexism throughout her career. Her 14-year-old daughter would like also to go into chemical engineering. Alicia supports her daughter's goals but worries that she, too, will be subjected to ______ as Alicia had been.

answer

stereotype threat

question

The adult thinking process in which every idea implies an opposite idea, and both the idea and its opposite can be integrated into a synthesis is referred to as:

answer

dialectical thinking.

question

In an essay, Michelle begins by writing that knowing the truth sets people free. In her next paragraph, she opposes this idea with the idea that knowing the truth often involves learning about limitations and constraints on freedom. In her third paragraph, Michelle integrates these two perspectives. Michelle's essay best demonstrates:

answer

dialectical thinking.

question

Carol Gilligan would probably say that choices about which of the following aspects of life are most likely to advance moral thinking?

answer

child rearing

question

Four-year-old Davis believes that God gave his little brother to his mother because she stayed overnight at the hospital. Davis is at the ______ stage of religious faith.

answer

intuitive-projective

question

The stage of faith that is based on God rewarding those who follow His laws punishing other is referred to as:

answer

mythic-literal faith

question

Favoring what feels right over what makes intellectual sense is typical of___ faith

answer

synthetic conventional

question

The type of faith in which people can accept contradictions and incorporate both powerful unconscious ideas and rational, conscious values is

answer

conjunctive faith

question

According to Fowler, Mother Teresa, MLK and Ghandi exhibited which stage of faith?

answer

universalizing

question

Identify the true statement about developmentists' view of faith and religion

answer

it progresses from a self centered prospective to a many sided altruistic view

question

According to Fowler's religious stages, faith, like other aspects of cognition, progresses from a(n) ___ view of life to a (n) ___ view

answer

simple, self centered, one sided, complex, unselfish

question

The first phase of college students' thinking is

answer

believing in the existence of clear and perfect truths

question

Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students:

answer

progress through nine levels of complexity in their thinking

question

Which of the following statements about cohort effects regarding the effect of college on cognitive development is true?

answer

the increased diversity of the college atmosphere probably helps to enhance cognitive development

question

Colleges that make use of their diversity by including___ help students stretch their understanding not only of differences and similarities among people but also of themselves.

answer

all of the answers are correct

question

Research has revealed that college education leads students to become

answer

more tolerant of differing religions and political views.

question

Which group showed the greatest gains in their well being after highschool?

answer

college students

question

intimacy is best defined as

answer

affiliation

question

jessica is 21 years old. how is her circle of friends likely to differ from that of her mother when she was jessica's age?

answer

Jessica's circle of friends is more likely to include both males and females

question

compared to those of women, friendship between men are

answer

less emotional

question

friendships between men are less intimate than those between women because

answer

men are more hesitant to express their vulnerabilities

question

which of the following is a particular advantage of cross sex friendships

answer

oppurtunity to learn about the opposite sex

question

Which of the following statements about the qualities young adults seek from a romantic partner is true?

answer

culture greatly affects the qualities sought by individuals

question

According to Sternberg, when commitment, passion, and intimacy are all present, the form of love is ___

answer

consummate

question

Jim and Margaret have been married for 35 years. They feel no passion and share few feelings. Sternberg would say that they have which type of love?

answer

empty

question

According to sternberg, passion and commitment without intimacy result in

answer

fatuous love

question

Clara and Gus have been married for 55 years. They share deep intimacy and commitment but are no longer passionate. According to Sternberg, their love is now

answer

compassionate.

question

According to research the chance of finding a potential partner with the same interest in three favorite leisure activities and with similar opinions about three important role preferences is___percent

answer

1

question

In demand/withdrawal interactio, women tend to be more___and men more____

answer

demanding; withdrawing

question

What percentage of men in the US and Canada each year have said that they have pushed, grabbed, kicked, or shoved their partner at least one time

answer

12

question

Which of the following occurrences is a result of intimate terrorism?

answer

battered wife syndrome

question

What percentage of all emerging adults have said that they receive money from their parents in addition to food, medical care, tuition, and other support.

answer

50

question

what is enmeshment

answer

parents always knowing what their emerging adult children are doing or thinking?

question

Which of the following is the biggest determinant of whether a child will develop healthy lifestyle habits?

answer

having parents, teachers, and peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits

question

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

answer

the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche.

question

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

answer

growth of the testes; initial pubic-hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche

question

The hormone that causes the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone is:

answer

gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

question

Chris is just starting to experience an eightfold increase in the amount of estrogen. Chris is most likely a:

answer

normal 9-year-old girl.

question

Roger is typically an easygoing adolescent but every once in awhile he suddenly becomes moody and lashes out at his younger sister. Which of the following pubertal processes would most likely contribute to this behavior?

answer

a sudden increase in testosterone levels

question

The adolescent who will probably find puberty most difficult is:

answer

Katya, an early maturer.

question

Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should prepare:

answer

a steak to increase her iron.

question

When Patty looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds. She does aerobics for at least two hours daily and eats very little. Patty most likely suffers from:

answer

anorexia nervosa.

question

Josephina is obsessed with her weight, yet she will eat a whole package of Oreos in one sitting. Afterwards she will go into the bathroom and make herself vomit. Josephina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. Josephina most likely suffers from:

answer

bulimia nervosa.

question

Which of the following behaviors seems to reduce the risk of an adolescent developing an eating disorder?

answer

the family sharing meals together

question

The growth spurt begins with a(n):

answer

increase in bone length.

question

The growth spurt typically occurs during puberty in the following order:

answer

weight, height, muscle.

question

In adolescence, changes in heart and lung capacity include:

answer

greater lung capacity.

question

Barry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should:

answer

be tailored to his size of the previous year

question

Changes in primary sex characteristics during puberty include:

answer

growth of the uterus and the testes.

question

Secondary sex characteristics are characteristics that:

answer

are not directly related to reproduction.

question

Which of the following has the largest impact on whether adolescent sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable or shameful and frightening?

answer

social context

question

Young people who are sexually exploited:

answer

tend to devalue themselves throughout life.

question

Of the following parts of the brain, which is the last to fully mature in adolescence?

answer

prefrontal cortex

question

José enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which of the following influences will be most beneficial to him in reaching his full potential?

answer

rapid changes in myelination in his brain and guidance of an experienced coach

question

The still-developing prefrontal cortex and the full development of the limbic system are at least partially responsible for the:

answer

passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas.

question

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the:

answer

view that one is noticed by everyone.

question

A 15-year-old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice it is an example of:

answer

adolescent egocentrism.

question

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their:

answer

personal fable.

question

Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating:

answer

the invincibility fable.

question

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents':

answer

false belief that everyone is constantly attending to their behavior and appearance.

question

Recent research has indicated that many adolescents:

answer

do not feel invincible.

question

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines:

answer

hypothetical thought

question

Which of the following statements about hypothetical thought is true?

answer

Hypothetical thought involves imagined possibilities.

question

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions?

answer

inductive reasoning

question

Deductive reasoning is also referred to as:

answer

top-down reasoning.

question

Using inductive thinking, a person might think, "If it barks like a dog and wags its tail like a dog, it must be a ______."

answer

dog

question

Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of:

answer

deductive reasoning.

question

Recent research examining the development of formal logic has demonstrated that:

answer

development may be far less stagelike than Piaget believed.

question

Analytic thinking requires a certain level of:

answer

brain capacity, intellectual maturity, and motivation.

question

As adolescents gain experience in making decisions and thinking things through, they:

answer

become better at knowing when analysis is needed.

question

Many adolescents consider their faith a tool to be used to:

answer

All of the answers are correct.

question

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes has the effect of:

answer

creating a developmental mismatch.

question

A strategy to increase student motivation in high schools is widespread participation in:

answer

after-school athletic teams or clubs.

question

Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voiced their disapproval, he replied, "Whatever." Andrew's response indicates identity:

answer

diffusion.

question

Adoption of parents' or society's roles and values, rather than questioning and exploring a personal identity, is referred to as identity:

answer

foreclosure.

question

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as:

answer

moratorium.

question

Harold readily adopted his parent's religious faith without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in religious events with his parents. His identity status reflects:

answer

foreclosure.

question

Sexual self-definition is comprised of three aspects:

answer

gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation.

question

Which of the following statements regarding ethnic identity is true?

answer

A child who belongs to an ethnic minority usually begins to establish an ethnic identity in adolescence and is likely to continue to explore the implications of this identity for many more years.

question

Which type of parenting is most effective during adolescence?

answer

authoritarian

question

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is:

answer

part of a warm, supportive relationship.

question

Michelle's parents were permissive throughout her childhood. Now that Michelle is an adolescent, they are trying to exert control over her. What is likely to be the outcome of this scenario?

answer

Michelle is likely to be angry and defiant.

question

At age 17, Jeff aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he made more friends with serious musical interests and drifted away from friends with other interests. He is exhibiting peer

answer

Michelle is likely to be angry and defiant.

question

A survey conducted in 2008 found that 0.5 percent of American high school students identified themselves as gay or lesbian, while a survey in Holland found that 8.5 percent of students said that they were attracted to others of their same sex. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for this statistical difference?

answer

Open same-sex relationships are more culturally accepted in Holland than in the United States.

question

Ideally, before having sex, teenagers would discuss the risks of pregnancy and STIs, but in reality only about ______ of them have these discussions.

answer

half

question

The abstinence-only sex-education program that was widely promoted in the United States in 1998 resulted in:

answer

no significant impact on sexual activity by teenagers.

question

Parasuicide refers to:

answer

a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death.

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