question

Which factor aroused Soviet suspicions of the Western Allies during World War II?

answer

The Western Allies' long delay in opening a second front in Western Europe.

question

By 1947, the intense rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States was called

answer

the Cold War.

question

What impact did World War II have on the Soviet Union?

answer

WWII killed more than 20 million Soviet citizens and weakened the country's economy.

question

What was Joseph Stalin's primary goal after World War II?

answer

to ensure friendly governments on its borders in Eastern Europe

question

What allowed the United States to emerge from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world?

answer

It had both a monopoly on atomic weapons and expanded production capacity.

question

The first instance of Soviet expansionism after World War II was in

answer

Poland and Bulgaria.

question

Joseph Stalin believed that the U.S. foreign policy after World War II was hypocritical because the United States

answer

was demanding democratic elections in Eastern Europe but supporting friendly dictatorships in Latin America.

question

Why did the Allies divide Germany in 1946?

answer

They could not agree on the country's future.

question

What did Winston Churchill, then Britain's former prime minister, suggest about the Soviet Union in his iron curtain speech of 1946?

answer

Its suppression of the popular will in Eastern and Central Europe had isolated those regions from the free world.

question

Who was the author of the 1946 rationale for a hard-line U.S. foreign policy of containment?

answer

Career diplomat George F. Kenhan

question

The U.S. government's policy of containment was first implemented when President Truman asked Congress to send military and economic aid to

answer

Greece and Turkey

question

Why did Helen Gahagan Douglas oppose Truman's plan for dealing with the crisis in Greece?

answer

She wanted the United States to work through the United Nations.

question

European nations used most of the U.S. funds provided by the Marshall Plan of 1948 to

answer

stimulate their economies and buy American products.

question

In February 1948, while Congress debated the Marshall Plan, the Soviet Union was

answer

staging a coup, installing a communist regime in Czechoslovakia

question

How did President Truman respond to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 and 1949?

answer

He ordered the airlifting of more than two million tons of goods to West Berliners.

question

Why did President Truman approve the development of the hydrogen bomb in 1949?

answer

The U.S. had confirmed that the Soviets had detonated an atomic bomb.

question

What was the purpose of the National Security Act of 1947?

answer

to place oversight of all branches of the military under the Secretary of Defense

question

The National Security Council was established to

answer

advise the president on defense spending.

question

What was the peacetime military alliance created by the United States, Canada, and Western European countries to deter attacks from the Soviet Union?

answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

question

Why was the Central Intelligence Agency established?

answer

to gather information relevant to the national defense and to perform any functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security.

question

In the post-World War II era, the term third world was used to refer to Latin America and

answer

those outside the Western and Eastern blocs that had yet to develop industrial economies

question

What occurred with the flight of the Chinese Nationalists from China in 1949?

answer

The People's Republic of China was established.

question

How did the U.S. government respond to the fall of China's Nationalist government?

answer

It refused to grant official recognition to the Communist government and aided the exiled Nationalists.

question

How did the United States' Asian policy change after the collapse of China's Nationalist government in 1949?

answer

The focus of the u.S. foreign policy shifted to Japan.

question

The United States ended its official occupation of Japan after World War II

answer

in 1949, as soon as it was clear China would not become an American economic center in Asia *

question

What was President Truman's initial response to the Israeli declaration of statehood in 1948?

answer

Truman quickly recognized Israel and pledged to make its defense a cornerstone of U.S. policies in the Middle East.

question

According to President Truman, what was the government's role in the postwar economy?

answer

The government should continue to regulate the economy.

question

The purpose of the Employment Act of 1946 was to

answer

formalize the U.S. government's responsibility for keeping the economy healthy

question

Which of the following describes the labor strikes in the United States in 1946?

answer

Labor strikes increased public exasperation with and hostility toward unions.

question

How did women fare in the post-World War II economy?

answer

Women's earnings saw significant decline.

question

Which of the following was among the factors responsible for the post-World War II economic boom in the United States?

answer

War-torn countries' spending on American products

question

The G.I. Bill helped to boost the U.S. economy after World War II

answer

with the provisions of job training, education, and low interest home loans.

question

How did the experience of World War II influence African American veterans returning from overseas?

answer

Serving in World War II increased their resolve to fight racial injustice in the United States.

question

Which African American received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950?

answer

Ralph Johnson Bunche

question

How did President Truman's efforts to advance the cause of blacks' civil rights compare with those of previous presidents?

answer

They were bold and forward looking.

question

The executive order President Truman issued in 1948 during his reelection campaign was designed to

answer

desegregate every aspect of the American Armed Services.

question

The founding of the American G.I. Forum in 1948 and subsequent efforts by Mexican Americans to challenge their segregation in public schools demonstrated

answer

the growing mobilization of Mexican Americans in the Southwest.

question

What was the outcome of the congressional elections of 1946?

answer

Republicans captured Congress for the first time in 14 years.

question

Passed despite Truman's veto in 1947, the Taft-Hartley Act

answer

was a huge blow to American labor.

question

What accounted for Harry Truman's victory in the presidential election of 1948?

answer

Broad support for his foreign policy and the popularity of New Deal reform led to Truman's victory.

question

Congress rejected a number of President Truman's Fair Deal Proposals, including

answer

civil rights measures and federal aid to education.

question

Which of these men was the most infamous crusader against communism after World War II?

answer

Joseph R. McCarthy

question

During the anti-Communist scare of the late 1940s and early 1950s,

answer

federal employees were investigated for Communist subversion.

question

What triggered U.S. military action in Korea in 1950?

answer

The invasion of South Korea by troops from Communist North Korea

question

President Truman justified intervention in Korea by comparing events there to the crisis in which European nation?

answer

Greece

question

Which of the following describes President Truman's decision to deploy 1.8 million troops in the Korean War without formal declaration of war from Congress?

answer

Truman's action violated the spirit, if not the letter of the Constitution.

question

Which of the following describes Truman's authorization for General MacArthur to lead his troops across the thirty-eighth parallel in Korea?

answer

It was the only time during the Cold War that the United States tried to roll back Communism by force.

question

What did Dwight D. Eisenhower emphasize in his campaign for the presidency in 1952?

answer

the threat of communism and the need to win decisively in Korea

question

Who did Eisenhower select as his running mate in the presidential election of 1952?

answer

Richard Nixon

question

What was one consequence of the Korean War?

answer

A massive increase in U.S. defense spending

question

Which of the following describes President Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"middle way\" politics in the early 1950s?

answer

His domestic agenda and leadership style were guided by moderation.

question

What did anti-Communist zealot Senator Joseph McCarthy do that led to his condemnation by the U.S. Senate?

answer

McCarthy conducted televised hearings in which he charged that the U.S. army was full of Communists.

question

What was the Eisenhower administration's approach to social welfare programs?

answer

It allowed the welfare state to grow and the federal government to take on new projects.

question

What was president Eisenhower's most important and far-reaching domestic initiative?

answer

The passage of the Interstate Highway and Defense System Act of 1956

question

President Eisenhower believed that the development of nuclear power for domestic purposes should

answer

be left in the hands of private enterprise.

question

The three-part program for compensating, \"terminating,\" and relocating Native Americans reflected the Eisenhower administration's commitment to

answer

limiting the scope of federal government activity

question

In the context of President Eisenhower's policy toward Native Americans, termination meant

answer

ending the federal government's special relationship with the Indians by transferring jurisdiction over tribal lands to state and local governments

question

What was one unintended consequence of the federal government's program to relocate Native Americans?

answer

the emergence of a militant pan-Indian movement two decades later

question

In what direction did Eisenhower, the first Republican to serve as president after the New Deal, take the federal government during his second term?

answer

He left the size and function of the Federal Government intact.

question

What was the key to President Eisenhower's New Look in foreign policy?

answer

a smaller, conventional army bolstered by strength in air power and nuclear weapons

question

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles supported a foreign policy strategy of

answer

going to the brink of war to halt Soviet's efforts to extend their territory any further.

question

When Hungarian freedom fighters mounted a revolt against the Soviet-controlled government of their country in 1956, the Eisenhower administration

answer

did nothing, because Eisenhower was unwilling to risk American soldiers or possible nuclear war.

question

President Eisenhower viewed communism in Vietnam as

answer

a force that had to be stopped before it spread to Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.

question

Between 1955 and 1961, the United States spent $800 million in South Vietnam, most of it to

answer

fund the South Vietnamese army

question

In the 1950s, the CIA intervened in the internal affairs of which of the following countries?

answer

Iran, Guatemala, and Cuba

question

Why did many Cuban people support the uprising led by Fidel Castro against Fulgencio Batista in 1959?

answer

Many Cuban people had a strong desire for political and economic autonomy.

question

Which Egyptian leader seized the Suez Canal in July 1956?

answer

Gamal Abdel Nasser

question

What was the purpose of the Eisenhower Doctrine?

answer

to aid any middle Eastern nation requesting assistance against armed aggression from any country controlled by international communism

question

How did the United States react to the Soviet Union's successful launch of Sputnik in 1957?

answer

With a feeling of inferiority about U.S. scientific and technological development

question

What was the military-industrial complex Eisenhower warned Americans about before he left office?

answer

As association between the military and defense contractors to spend more money on increasingly powerful weapon systems

question

The output of American farms increased between 1940 and 1960, while the number of farmworkers

answer

decreased by nearly one-third

question

How did union membership as a percentage of the labor force in the United States change during the 1950?

answer

It peaked at just over 27% in 1957.

question

What impact did technological advances have on American industry in the 1950s?

answer

They chipped away at the number of jobs in heavy industry.

question

In the 1950s, most employed American women worked in

answer

clerical, service, or domestic jobs.

question

What was Levittown, New York?

answer

An example of the assembly-line approach to producing affordable housing

question

In most cities during the 1950s, the black population

answer

doubled as African Americans sought economic opportunities.

question

What was one reason many Americans moved to the Sun Belt in the 1950s?

answer

to find jobs in aerospace, defense, and electronic industries

question

Why were the South and West sometimes referred to as the Gun Belt?

answer

The regions had captured the Lion's share of Cold War spending.

question

What caused the smog that plagued Los Angeles in the 1950s?

answer

Sprawling urban and suburban settlements without efficient public transportation

question

What did \"Operation Wetback\" reveal about most white Americans?

answer

They generally opposed the permanent immigration of Mexicans.

question

Which of the following describes higher education in the United States between 1940 and 1960?

answer

It became increasingly available to veterans, the middle class, and African Americans.

question

What was one cause of the unparalleled material abundance of the United States in the 1950s?

answer

a population increase of about 30 million

question

In her book the Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that

answer

the idealization of domesticity pressured women to seek fulfillment in serving others.

question

Some critics suggested that the reason for renewed interest in religion during the 1950s was

answer

America's need for conformity and social outlets.

question

Between the 1950 and 1960s, the percentage of American families with television sets grew from less than 10 percent to

answer

almost 90 percent.

question

In which of the following ways did television affect U.S. politics in the 1950s?

answer

It allowed candidates to appeal directly to voters in their homes, which elevated the importance of politician's personal attractiveness.

question

What did Federal Communications Commission chairman Newton Minow call television after he surveyed what it offered to Americans in 1961?

answer

a vast Wasteland

question

What was sociologist David Riesman's criticism of American society in his 1950 book 'The Lonely Crowd'?

answer

Riesman lamented the growing conformity in American society.

question

How did rock and roll challenge American social and cultural norms in the 1950s?

answer

It was sexually suggestive.

question

Who wrote the best-selling books 'Sexual Behavior in the Human Male' and 'Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'?

answer

Alfred Kinsley

question

The work of the 1950s authors Allen Ginsberg and Jack Keruac was known for

answer

rejecting almost every aspect of the mainstream culture.

question

The revolution in the visual arts that began in New York City in the 1950s

answer

stressed energy and spontaneity over recognizable forms.

question

The Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) overturned which of the following precedents?

answer

Separate but equal established in Plessy vs. Ferguson

question

Why did whites in Mississippi murder fourteen-year-old Emmett Till in 1955?

answer

He allegedly raped a white woman. *

question

How did President Eisenhower ultimately respond to the Arkansas National Guard's attempts to block the enrollment of nine black students in Little Rock's Central High School in 1957?

answer

He sent army troops to Little Rock to oversee the integration of the school.

question

The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 can be characterized as

answer

symbolic. *

question

In what way did the civil rights movement of the 1950s and early 1960s differ from previous efforts to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States?

answer

It invaded masses of people who used passive resistance to bring about change.

question

Why did the Montgomery, Alabama, police arrest Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955?

answer

She refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.

question

The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56 persisted until

answer

the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Alabama's state and local laws requiring segregation on buses.

question

Which new civil rights organization chose Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader in January of 1957?

answer

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Chapters 26-27 History

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards