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A classmate of a nursing student asked why she had to take a pharmacology course. The nursing student replied:

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"Pharmacology is the study of medicines and how they work"

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Pharmacology attempts to clarify

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the use of drugs for certain physiological conditions

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The need to study drugs and their effects on physiologic conditions and diseases is important because nurses need to

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-be aware of how to monitor the clinical effects of drugs -understand the drugs that can be used to treat different conditions -educate their patients about the drugs they take and how they work

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The chemical names of drugs are used to

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describe the exact chemical makeup of the drug

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The generic names of drugs are used to

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provide a simpler way to identify the drug being manufactured

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The brand names of drugs are used to

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market the drug to the public

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Which resources are the most user-friendly for nurses seeking information about prescription medications

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-Drug Interaction Facts -Drug Facts and Comparisons

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When educating the patient regarding new medications that have been prescribed, the nurse refers the patient to which source of information designed for patient use?

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Package inserts

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A patient asked the nurse where to find information about the drug she was prescribed. The best response would be

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"A variety of sources are available to you. We will provide information, and you can ask your physician, and you can research information online. Just remember, not all websites are accurate."

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While studying the difference between prescription and nonprescription drugs, the nursing student needs to remember that prescription drugs

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need to be obtained through a licensed health care provider

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A patient has been experiencing adverse effect from a hypertensive medication that was started. The nurse realizes that a reliable source to review prescription drugs and their effects is

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the Physician's Drug Reference

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Which one of the following would be considered a quick and reliable source for drug information for a nurse to consult with a drug question

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Physician's Drug Reference

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A nurse is preparing a scholarly publication on the responses to and adverse effects of heparin. The most efficient and effective means of conducting an Internet search to gather information for this publication is to use

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MEDLINE database

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Credible sources of drug information on the Internet include

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-Krames Online -Health on the Net Foundation -Micromedex -Daily Med

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As a health care professional, it is important that the nurse determine the most accurate and up-to-date Internet information available for drugs, such as

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-ePocrates -Daily Med -Lexi-Comp

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The Controlled Substance Act came about because of

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abuse of certain drugs that are addictive

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The effectiveness of drug legislation depends on the

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-interest and cooperation of professional people -education of the public concerning the dangers of improper use of drugs -interest and cooperation of the public

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Failure to comply with the Controlled Substances Act is punishable by

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-loss of one's professional license -a fine payable to the courts -imprisonment

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According to the Controlled Substance Act, drugs with a high potential for abuse that have no currently accepted medical use in the US and that have a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision are classified under which schedule?

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Schedule I

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The drug morphine is listed under which Schedule?

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Schedule II

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A nurse is taking a drug out of Pyxis machine and has prompted a count of the medication. The nurse is puzzled about the need to count the number of Fioricet (a compound of butalbital, acetaminophen, and caffeine). The drug is considered to be under which Schedule?

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Schedule III

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Those patients who participate in "testing in humans" are part of which phase of new drug development?

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Clinical research and development stage

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The phase of drug development dealing with the therapeutic value and whether the drug appears to be safe in animals is known as

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preclinical research and development stage

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The Black Box warning indicates that a drug which has already met FDA approval may have a(n)

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associated risk of causing serious or life-threatening adverse effects

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The nurse is discussing the names of drugs with a patient in Canada, explaining that the difference between the chemical drug name and the proper name is the

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proper name of the drug is also the generic name of the drug

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The proper name of a Canadian drug refers to the

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generic name of the drug

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A nurse was explaining to a patient that the difference between the generic name of the drug and the proper name is the

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the proper name is generally the generic name of the drug

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As a health care professional, it is important that the nurse determine the most accurate and up-to-date information available for drugs, such as

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-British Pharmacopoeia -Pharmacopoeia Internationalis -European Pharmacopoeia

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The reference book Patient Self-Care: Helping Patients Make Therapeutic Choices is:

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-a source for comprehensive information about nonprescription drug products available in Canada -intended for health care professionals and consumers alike -published approximately every 4 years by the Canadian Pharmacists Association

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The 3 categories of nonprescription drugs sold in provinces of Canada are

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Schedule II, Schedule III, & unscheduled

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Which of these Canadian legislative acts determines whether the drug will be considered prescription or nonprescription?

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Food and Drugs Act and the Food and Drug Regulations Act

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Under the Food & Drugs Act, insulin is considered as a drug included in

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Schedule II

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Which of the following drugs are part of Schedule F and are available by prescription only? (Antibiotics, antineoplastics, corticosteriods, cardiovascular drugs, and antipsychotics are Schedule F drugs.)

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cefuroxime, prednisone, Tamoxifen

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The nurse knows that drugs are administered by which 3 most common routes?

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-enteral -percutaneous -parenteral

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The enteral route includes medications administered

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orally

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The nurse is explaining to the patient that the drug insulin must be given as a subcutaneous injection b/c

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taken orally, the drug will be deactivated by stomach acids

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Drug absorption deals with how the drug is

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transferred from the site of entry into the circulation

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When drugs are administered via the percutaneous route, their absorption is dependent on the

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thickness of the skin

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The nurse knows that drug absorption is best through which route?

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intravenous

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When administering drugs, the nurse needs to provide which of the following to enhance drug absorption?

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-an adequate amount of fluid with oral drugs -reconstitute and dilute drugs according to manufacturer's instructions -determine adequate blood flow when administering drugs parenterally

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The nurse can ensure adequate absorption of medications via the parenteral route by

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determining blood flow prior to administering of any injection

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Drug absorption for inhaled medication can be enhanced when the nurse

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encourages the patient to hold his breath after administration

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Which explanation by the nurse to a patient regarding drug distribution is accurate?

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"Drugs are circulated by the blood to various organs that have receptors or sites of action for the drugs."

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The distribution process is important because the

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amount of drug that actually gets to the receptor sites determines the response

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Drugs that have been liberated into the circulatory system

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-may become bound to tissues other than those with active receptor sites -have a high affinity for adipose tissue if they are lipid-soluble drugs -are released from the lipid tissue when the drug blood level drops

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After a drug is absorbed, the body will deactivate it in which way?

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through the enzyme systems of the liver

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The kidneys are a major organ of drug

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excretion

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The nurse is reviewing the patients chart for the results of the most recent urinalysis and renal function tests, b/c a patient with renal failure will have difficulty with drug

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excretion

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A measure of the time required for elimination of a drug from the body is the

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half-life

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The nurse knows that the drug alprazolam(Xanax) has a half-life of 12 hours, which means that how much drug will be left circulating in the body after 24 hours

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25%

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The half-life of a drug may become considerably longer in patients who have

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-impaired kidney function -impaired liver function

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What is a desired drug action?

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the predictable/usual response to the drug

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The nurse notices that the patient now requires a higher dose of a pain medication to produce the same effect once provided by a lower dose. This is called

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Tolerance

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Patients who have an anaphylactic reaction from an administered drug typically experience which sign/symptoms?

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-respiratory distress -cardiovascular collapse

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Drug interactions are said to occur when

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-one drug enhances the pharmacologic effect of another drug -altered absorption takes place in the GI tract -drugs are administered together -the action of one drug is altered by the action of another drug

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A drug is considered pharmacologically active when it is

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unbound to plasma proteins

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What resources can the nurse use to aid in determining when a drug interaction will occur?

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-Consult with the pharmacist -look up possible reactions in drug reference books

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When combination of 2 drugs will provide a greater effect than the sum of the effect of each drug if given alone, what is this called?

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synergistic effect

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A partial agonist is a drug that does what?

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stimulates one response and inhibits another response

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What is another name for an idiosyncratic reaction?

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unexpected reaction

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Most drugs are bound to this in the blood

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plasma proteins

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The process by which a drug that is bound becomes unbound is called

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displacement

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As a drug moves from the state of being bound to being unbound, what will occur?

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The amount of free circulating drug will increase

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The effect of one drug interfering with the effect of another drug is called

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antagonistic effect

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Enzyme inducers are drugs that will cause an increase in drugs

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metabolism

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A common drug interaction that inhibits the metabolism or excretion of a second drug, thereby causing increased activity of the second drug, is called

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interference

Chapter’s 1&2 from Pharmacology Study Guide Q&A – Flashcards

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