Flashcards and Answers – Chapters 1-4
139 test answers
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Down
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Syndrome
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Cause
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Etilogy
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Unknown Cause
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idiopathic
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Risk factors
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predisposing
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Predisposing
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Outcome
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Bacteria
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Pathogen
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Nonsocomial
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Disease acquired from hospital enviroment
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Iatrogenic
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problem that arose is related to prescribed treatment
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Prevalent
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Occurs more frequently`
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The holistic medicine concept considers which of the following aspects of being?
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psychological, spiritual, and cognitive
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Treatment interventions may include:
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medications. nutritional modifications. education.
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All of the following neoplasms are malignant EXCEPT:
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lipoma.
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An example of a congenital disease or disorder is:
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cerebral palsy and Down syndrome.
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An example of triage, in general, is giving priority care to a patient who:
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complains of crushing, radiating chest pain.
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Cachexia describes:
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an ill, thin individual.
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Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities are always incompatible with life
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False
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Classifications of trauma include:
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motor vehicle accidents. falls. burns.
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Congenital means:
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"born with."
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Criteria to determine brain death include:
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a lack of response to stimuli.
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Diseases that are not lethal during the younger years could be the cause of death in older individuals
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True
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Examples of allergens include:
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house dust. grass. pets.
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Examples of neoplasm include:
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adenoma. lipoma. melanoma.
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General guidelines for a healthy lifestyle include all of the following EXCEPT
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consuming excessive alcohol.
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Hereditary diseases are classified in which of the following ways?
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single gene abnormality abnormality of several genes abnormality of a chromosome, either the entire absence of a chromosome or the presence of an additional chromosome
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Hypervitaminosis develops in individuals who consume large amounts of vitamins for extended periods of time.
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True
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Immunodeficiency is the immune response of the body being unable to defend itself due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
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True
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Nutrition administered through the enteral route includes which of the following methods?
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gastrostomy
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Obesity:
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shortens one's life.
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Obesity has no effect on an individual's life span.
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False
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Once the heart quits functioning, the person is considered brain-dead
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False
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Signs of inflammation include:
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redness. being warm to the touch. pain.
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Symptoms of inflammation include redness, pain, swelling, and warm to the touch
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True
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The aging process is affected by such factors as:
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lifestyle. heredity. stress.
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The aging process is progressive and reversible.
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False
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The aging process leads to death due to a decrease in the ability of the body to fight disease
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False
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Tissue can be inflamed but not infected.
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True
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degenration
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cellular death
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Metastatic
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moving from site of origin
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encapsulated
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enclosed in a capsule
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ischemic
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Hypoxia cause by decreased blood flow
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congenital
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present at birth
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Malignant
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usually deadly
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infarct
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area of dead cells commonly due to obstruction of arteries
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enteral
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nutrition through the small instestine route
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oncology
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study of cancer
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total parenteral nutrition
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providing total nutrition needed by giving nutritive liquid through the venous route
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bsence of lymph node involvement with cancer is an unfavorable sign.
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False
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A hematoma is known as a:
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blood tumor.
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Alcohol has not been proven to be a carcinogen, but some studies show a higher incidence of certain types of cancer in those who drink even moderate amounts
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True
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All leukemias and lymphomas are malignant.
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True
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A malignant neoplasm metastasizes to distant areas.
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True
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A metastatic neoplasm is a cell whose growth pattern is purposeful and controlled.
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False
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A needle biopsy is obtained by punching a needle through the tumor and using the tissue caught in the lumen of the needle for examination.
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True
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Anemia may be due to decreased white blood cell production as a result of cancer treatment.
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False
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An example of a hyperplasia is a skin callus on the foot.
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True
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Basal and squamous cell skin cancer is almost always fatal
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False
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Cancer at the in situ stage cannot be avoided by surgical removal.
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False
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Cancer cells are all slow growing.
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False
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Cancers of the lung, breast, and colon are responsible for the majority of cancer deaths.
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True
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Cancer treatment includes:
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surgery. chemotherapy. radiation.
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Cancer treatment is aimed at a cure or relief of symptoms.
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True
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Combining estrogen and progesterone may increase the risk of cancer.
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False
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Common sites for carcinoma in situ include all of the following EXCEPT th
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ovary
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Common sites of the bloodstream metastasis include all of the following EXCEPT the:
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kidneys.
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Continued exposure to a carcinogen or to several carcinogens may increase or promote the abnormality of a cell.
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True
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Damage related to smoking and tobacco use is limited to the lungs.
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False
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Dark-skinned people are at the greatest risk of developing skin cancer
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False
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Estrogen is used to treat:
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prostate cancer.
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Genetic alteration is the basis for the development of hyperplasias.
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True
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Genetic mutation or change may be brought about by:
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viruses. chemicals. radiation.
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Grading of tumors refers to the degree to which a tumor has spread.
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False
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Hormones may cause cancer but may also be used to treat it.
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True
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Leukemias and lymphomas are cancers of the:
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lymphatic tissue and blood-forming organs.
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Local tissue invasion is the step that signifies a change from a precancerous neoplasm to a malignant one.
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True
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Neoplasm is defined as:
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"new growth."
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Palliative radiation treatment may:
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shrink the tumor.
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Pathologic fractures occur if the tumor has invaded the:
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bone.
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People who have had blistering sunburns at a young age are at the greatest risk of developing:
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melanoma
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Radiation is generally used to treat tumors that are not surgically accessible nor operable
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True
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Routine preventive screening measures include:
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monthly self-breast examinations. mammograms. Pap tests.
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Staging a tumor refers to the degree to which the tumor has spread.
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True
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The different procedures used to perform a biopsy include all of the following EXCEPT:
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inspiration.
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The herpes simplex virus has been closely connected to cancer of the
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cervix.
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The most common types of cancer excluding skin cancer are:
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colon cancer. breast cancer. prostate cance
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The most definitive test used to diagnose a tumor is a:
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biopsy.
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The prognosis for the individual with a malignant neoplasm is best if the cancer is located and treated early.
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True
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Ultraviolet light rays of the sun or tanning lights have an increased risk of causing the development of basal cell cancer.
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True
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What kind of surgery for cancer is done to alleviate pain and discomfort when a cure is not possible?
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palliative
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What two types of cancer have a higher incidence in some families?
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colon and breast
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When cancer has spread through the bloodstream, often the secondary cancer site is discovered first.
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True
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When performing a frozen section, pathologists take their time to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
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True
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Women who have been pregnant and gone through childbirth appear to have a protective mechanism from cancer of the:
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ovary.
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A common cause of cellulitis is:
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Streptococcus. Staphylococcus
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Adhesions are normally fibrous scar tissue that clings to the surface of adjoining organs
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True
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A keloid is a raised scar that occurs more frequently in the black population
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True
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All fungi are pathogenic
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False
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All tapeworms are acquired by eating uncooked or inadequately cooked meat
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True
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An abscess is generalized accumulation of pus.
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False
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Antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of cellulitis.
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False
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Antibiotic therapy always kills a virus.
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False
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Bacteria become opportunistic when normal flora become pathogenic.
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False
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Bedsores are a type of ulcer.
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True
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Candidiasis is commonly known as a yeast infection.
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True
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Cellulitis is characterized by edema and redness.
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True
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Examples of an abscess include all of the following EXCEPT:
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an ulcer.
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Examples of common fungal infections include all of the following EXCEPT:
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malaria.
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Examples of common infections caused by bacteria include all of the following EXCEPT:
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candidiasis.
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Examples of common viral infections include:
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herpes simplex. mononucleosis. influenza.
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Examples of helminth infections include:
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tapeworms. roundworms. flatworms.
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Factors affecting healing time include:
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location of wound. nutritional status. mobility of wound tissue.
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Factors delaying healing include:
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age. size. circulation.
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Fibrinous exudates are commonly called a scab.
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True
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Fungal infections are easily cured with short-term therapy.
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False
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Inflammation can occur only in tissue with a blood supply.
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True
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Normal flora bacteria often become pathogenic when they gain access to the body.
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True
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Primary bacterial infections occur after the onset of another disease process or condition.
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False
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Secondary union in tissue healing involves wound healing by granulation.
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True
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The body has two basic methods of tissue repair.
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True
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, based in Atlanta, is responsible for tracking and identifying infections.
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True
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The central portion of an abscess softens and develops a
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head.
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The inflammatory process is specific to certain types of trauma and does not occur in all forms of trauma.
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False
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The job of the immune system is to protect the body against foreign invasion.
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True
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The leading cause of death in the world is:
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infection.
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The microorganism that typically causes an abscess is:
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Streptococcus.
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The primary union of tissue healing involves approximating the edges of the wound.
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True
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The regeneration phase of tissue repair involves scar formation.
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True
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The signs of inflammation include:
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pain. swelling. redness.
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The smallest infectious organism is a:
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virus.
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The three basic lines of defense include:
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an intact skin. the inflammatory response. the immune response.
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The type of infection that accounts for 80 percent of all infections is:
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respiratory.
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Viral infections are easily treated.
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False
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What effect do steroids have on the healing process?
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inhibits healing
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Which organ is frequently affected by adhesions?
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intestine
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Which of the following is second only to HIV as a major public health threat?
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community-acquired MRSA
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Xpert MRSA is a test that uses DNA-typing technology to test for drug-resistant strains
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True
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