Chapter Two Copernican Revolution – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which are key observations by Galileo of our solar system?
answer
- The moon has mountains, valleys, and craters - Jupiter has orbiting moons - Venus goes through a full set of phases - The Sun has sunspots and rotates on its axis
question
What conclusion did Kepler make about the Heliocentric model?
answer
- that the planetary orbits are elliptical
question
A major flaw in Copernicus's model was that it still had
answer
- circular orbits
question
In Ptolemy's Earth..... In reality, as Galileo first recognized, Venus is ____
answer
- full whenever it is on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth, although we cannot see the full Venus because it is close to the Sun in the sky
question
If we could see Venus, at what time would the full Venus be highest in the sky?
answer
- at noon
question
When would you expect to see Venus high in the sky at midnight?
answer
- never
question
Which one provides evidence that Venus orbits the Sun and not the Earth?
answer
- We sometimes see gibbous (nearly but not quite full) Venus
question
Kepler's 3rd law implies that ################MY NOT BE NEEDED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
answer
-a planet with a large average distance from the sun has a longer orbital period than a planet with a smaller average distance from the sun
question
The strength of gravity between two objects
answer
- decreases with the square of their distance apart
question
When in an elevator moving up with increasing speed, your weight will be
answer
-greater than your normal weight at rest
question
If the Sun and its mass were suddenly to disappear, Earth would
answer
- fly off into space
question
Ptolemy's Geocentric model was based on
answer
-the earth being the center -circular orbits
question
Copernicus model was based on the idea
answer
-heliocentric -circular orbits
question
Why was the geocentric theory along for such a long time?
answer
-From earth, all heavenly bodies appeared to circle earth -Ancient astronomers did not observe stellar parallax -The geocentric model conformed to relig + philo - Heliocentric model did not make better predictions than the geocentric model
question
When a planet retrogrades, it appears to move westward for weeks at a time?
answer
-True
question
Like the Sun + Moon, the planets always appear to move from west to east from one day to the next
answer
-False
question
Like the Sun + Moon, the stars appear to move from west to east from one day to the next
answer
-True
question
The principal culture that Transferred Greek astronomical knowledge to renaissance Europe was:
answer
-Islamic
question
The most Accurate Greek attempt was by
answer
-Ptolemy
question
The Ptolemaic model probably persisted for all these reasons EXCEPT
answer
-it accounted well for Galileo's observations of the phase cycle of Venus
question
The Greatest Contribution of the Greeks to modern thought
answer
-the development of scientific inquiry and model building
question
The Ptolemaic model of the universe
answer
-explained and predicted the motions of the planets with deferents and epiclycles
question
Ptolemaic model is no longer accepted because
answer
-the work of Tycho and Kepler showed the heliocentric model was more accurate.
question
Ptolemy and Copernicus agree on
answer
-All orbits must be perfect circles
question
The heliocentric model was actually first proposed by
answer
-Aristarchus
question
Which of these was NOT a part of the original Copernican model?
answer
-Mercury speeds up at perihelion, and slows down at aphelion.
question
Fatal flaw of Ptolemy's model was inability to predict phases of
answer
-Mercury and Venus
question
Kepler found the orbits of planets are ellipses, not circles
answer
-True
question
Upon which point do Copernicus and Kepler disagree?
answer
-The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with one focus at the Sun
question
Today we rely largely on what technique to precisely measure distances in the solar system?
answer
-radar echo timings
