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tooth morphology

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the study of the structure and the form of teeth

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dentition

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natural teeth in position

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maxillary arch

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upper arch

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mandibular arch

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lower arch

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adjacent

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next to

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midline

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dental arches are divided into two halves by an imaginary line

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quadrants

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one-forth of the dental arches; there are four

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humans grow two sets of teeth:

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primary and permanent

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six to seventeen

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the primary teeth erupt first and are replaced by permanent teeth between the ages of

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primary

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deciduous

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twenty teeth; ten in each arch and five in each quadrant

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the deciduous dentition consists of

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pre molars and third molar

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what teeth are in permanent dentition and not in primary dentition?

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central incisor

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starting from the midline, the first tooth is called

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central incisor and lateral incisor

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are used to cut or bite the food that is ingested

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lateral incisor

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the second tooth from the midline is called

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canine

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the third tooth from the midline is called

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canine

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is slightly more bulky in size and aids in tearing food

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molars

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are used to chew food

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thirty-two teeth; sixteen in each arch and eight in each quadrant

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permanent dentition consists of

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first and second premolars

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directly after the canine in permanent dentition are the

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bicuspids

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premolars are often called

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premolars

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what teeth are used to pulverize food?

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premolars

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which teeth break down food into smaller sizes to ready them for the chewing process?

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molars

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the chewing process is done by the

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the third molars (wisdom teeth)

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are the farthest from the midline

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anterior teeth

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the teeth in either arch that are toward the front of the mouth from cuspid (canine) to cuspid are the

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anterior teeth

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central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines are all part of the

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incisal edge

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anterior teeth have single roots and a cutting or tearing edge called

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six months of age

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the primary dentition begins eruption around

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three years

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all twenty teeth are normally erupted by the age of

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mixed dentition

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the period when both primary and permanent teeth are in the dentition is called

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six to twelve years of age

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mixed dentition period lasts approximately

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exfoliated

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shed from the oral cavity

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erupt

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emerges into the oral cavity

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twelve

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most primary teeth have exfoliated after the age of

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succedaneous teeth

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the permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth are called

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the crown and the root

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each tooth has two basic parts:

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anatomical crown

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the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel is called

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clinical crown

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the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth

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anatomical root

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the portion of the root that is covered with cementum is called

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clinical root

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the portion of the root seen in the oral cavity is called

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cervical line

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divides the crown and the root

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cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

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the cervical line is also termed

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five

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how many surfaces does the tooth have?

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mesial

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surface toward the midline

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distal

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surface away from the midline

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labial

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outside surface, which is toward the lips

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lingual

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inside surface, which is toward the tongue; on the maxillary arch, the lingual side may be referred to as the palatal surface

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incisal edge

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the biting or cutting edge

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buccal

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outside surface, which is toward the cheek

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occlusal

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pulverizing or chewing surface

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convex

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to bulge or curve outward

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concave

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recessed or indented

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approximate thirds

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the crown of the tooth and the root of the mouth are divided into

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incisal third

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the area on the crown of the tooth that is nearest the incisal edge on the anterior tooth is called the

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occlusal third

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the occlusal surface of the posterior tooth is called the

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cervical third

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the area on the crown of the tooth that is closest to the cervical area is called the

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middle third

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the area between the incisal third and the cervical third is called the

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apical third

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the root is also divided into imaginary thirds with the area nearest the apex is called the

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contact area

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where the proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch is called

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embrasure

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the triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact is called

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apex

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at or near of the root is called

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apical foreman

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opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter is called

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bifurcated

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two roots on one tooth is called

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buccal groove

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linear depression forming a groove that extends from the middle of the buccal surface to the occlusal surface of the tooth is called

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cingulum

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convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva is called

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cusp

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pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth is called

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cusp of carabelli

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fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars is called

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developmental groove

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groove formed by the uniting lobes during the development of the crown of the tooth is called

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fissure

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developmental groove resulting from an imperfect union where the lobes come together is called

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fossa

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a shallow rounded or angular depression is called

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furcation

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dividing point of a multi-rooted tooth is called

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lobes

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separate parts that come together to form a tooth is called

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mamelons

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three bulges on the incisal edge of the newly erupted central incisor is called

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marginal ridges

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elevated area of enamel that forms the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth and the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth is called

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oblique ridge

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elevated area of enamel that extends obliquely across the tooth is called

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pit

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place where the grooves come together or the fissures cross is called

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ridge

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linear elevation of enamel found on the tooth is called

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supplemental groove

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shallow, linear groove that radiates from the developmental groove is called

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transverse ridge

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the union of two triangular ridges that produces one ridge across the occlusal surface of the tooth is called

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triangular ridge

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ridge or elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down the middle area of the occlusal surface is called

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trifurcated

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three roots coming from the main trunk of the tooth is called

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maxillary central incisors

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which teeth play an important role in speech?

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mandibular central incisor

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what is the smallest tooth in the adult dentition?

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maxillary canine (cuspid)

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which teeth are often called the "cornerstone of the mouth"?

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maxillary canine

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which tooth has the longest root in the maxillary arch?

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maxillary first premolar

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which premolar has two roots?

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maxillary first premolar

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which premolar is often considered for removal during orthodontic treatment?

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maxillary first molar

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which tooth contains the cusp of carabelli?

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maxillary second molar

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has four cusps and three roots

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maxillary laterals

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which teeth are sometimes congenitally missing?

chapter 9 tooth morphology – Flashcards

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