chapter 9 memory(AP Psychology)
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
spacing effect
answer
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
question
retroactive interference
answer
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
question
mood-congruent memory
answer
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
question
deja vu
answer
that eerie sense that \"I've experienced this before.\" Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
question
priming
answer
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
question
relearning
answer
a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
question
recognition
answer
a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
question
recall
answer
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
question
hippocampus
answer
a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
question
explicit memory
answer
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and \"declare\"
question
implicit memory
answer
retention independent of conscious recollection
question
amnesia
answer
the loss of memory
question
long-term potentiation
answer
an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
question
echoic memory
answer
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
question
iconic memory
answer
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
question
chunking
answer
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
question
visual encoding
answer
the encoding of picture images
question
semantic encoding
answer
the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
question
effortful processing
answer
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
question
flashbulb memory
answer
a clear memory of an emotionally significant event
question
storage
answer
the retention of encoded information over time
question
sensory memory
answer
the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system
question
imagery
answer
Mental pictures; image existing in the imagination; figurative language.
question
memory
answer
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
question
encoding
answer
the processing of information into the memory system
question
retrieval
answer
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
question
short term memory
answer
activated memory that holds a few items briefly
question
long term memory
answer
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
question
rehearsal
answer
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
question
serial position effect
answer
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
question
acoustic encoding
answer
the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
question
mnemonics
answer
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
question
repression
answer
the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
question
misinformation effect
answer
incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
question
source amnesia
answer
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, is at the heart of many false memories.
question
proactive interference
answer
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
question
automatic processing
answer
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
