Chapter 9: Cell Division and Mitosis – Questions – Flashcards
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Following mitosis and cytokinesis, daughter cells are
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genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.
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In the cell cycle, DNA is replicated during
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S
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What process is critical for embryonic development, wound healing, and replacement of blood cells?
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cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis)
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During which stage of the cell cycle do sister chromatids separate from each other?
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anaphase of mitosis
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During which stage of the cell cycle are sister chromatids initially produced?
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S Phase
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If a cell fails to replicate its DNA completely, what will happen?
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It will pause to allow DNA replication to complete.
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Many drugs interfere with cell division. Why shouldn't pregnant women take these drugs?
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The embryo (and later fetus) is growing through the process of mitotic cell division. If the mother took a drug that interfered with cell division, that drug could interfere with normal development of the embryo and fetus, causing birth defects and possibly death of the developing baby.
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What would be the result if a cell completed interphase and mitosis but failed to complete cytokinesis?How many cells would there be at that point, and how many chromosomes relative to the parent cell would those cells have?
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If a cell completed interphase and mitosis but then did not complete cytokinesis, the result would be a single cell with two nuclei. Each nucleus would have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This means that the single binucleate cell would have twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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A normal cell that sustains irreparable DNA damage will most likely
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die by apoptosis.
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Which checkpoint prevents a normal cell from completing its cell cycle if it has not accurately replicated its DNA?
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interphase (G2-M)
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After a bad sunburn, skin usually peels. What process best describes what has happened to the burned skin cells?
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apoptosis
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Cancerous cells may not peel after a bad sunburn. What process has failed in this case?
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checkpoints
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A patient has metastatic melanoma-skin cancer that has spread throughout the body. Is surgery a viable option for this patient?
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No. Surgery is not a viable option. Now that the cancer has spread, there is no single tumor that can be surgically removed. There are too many tumors in too many tissues to be able to remove all of them surgically.
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Which of the following properties should a promising new ovarian cancer drug have?
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blocks mitosis in cancerous cells
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Explain why chemotherapy can cause nausea, diarrhea, and hair loss.
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Chemotherapy interferes with all dividing cells, not just cancerous ones. Cells lining the digestive tract normally divide rapidly, and when they are affected by chemotherapy, nausea and diarrhea can occur. Similarly, cells at the base of hair follicles normally divide rapidly, and when chemotherapy drugs interfere with their division, the result is hair loss.
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Rosa has recently been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Tests show that her cancer has metastasized to her liver, lungs, and brain: How might have Surgery treated here cancer and would it have been feasible in Rosa's case?
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Surgery physically removes the cancerous cells. Once the cancer has metastasized, as in this case, surgery is not a viable option because there are now too many tumors to remove. In addition to the visible tumors, there may be many more small tumors that have established themselves in other parts of the body.
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Rosa has recently been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Tests show that her cancer has metastasized to her liver, lungs, and brain: How might have Radiation treated here cancer and would it have been feasible in Rosa's case?
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Radiation irradiates cancer cells and causes such extensive DNA damage that the cells cannot survive. Radiation is typically focused on specific location, so is not a good option in this case, given the number of distinct tumors.
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Rosa has recently been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Tests show that her cancer has metastasized to her liver, lungs, and brain: How might have Taxol treated here cancer and would it have been feasible in Rosa's case?
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Taxol interferes with the microtubules of the mitotic spindle, preventing cell division. Taxol has shown success in ovarian cancer, particularly ovarian cancer that has not responded well to other therapies.
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Rosa has recently been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Tests show that her cancer has metastasized to her liver, lungs, and brain: How might have Chemotherapy without Taxol treated here cancer and would it have been feasible in Rosa's case?
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Chemotherapy in the absence of Taxol is certainly an option. Chemotherapy drugs interfere with cell division. Different drugs have different specific mechanisms of action at the cellular level.
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In the production of taxol: What plant was at risk from early demand?
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the Pacific Yew (Taxus brevifolia
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In the production of taxol: What animal was consequently put at risk?
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the northern spotted owl
