chapter 9 business – Flashcards
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how can us business maintain a competitive edge?
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Focusing on customers, practicing continuous improvement, focusing on quality, relying on the internet to unite companies, adopting new production techniques
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production
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the creating of goods using land labor capital entrepreneurship and knowledge
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production management
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all the activites managers do to help firms create goods
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operations management
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a specialized area in magnagement that converts or transforms resources into goods and services
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operations mangagemetn includes..
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inventory management , quality control , production scheduling, follow-up services
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the production process
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inputs(land labor capital entrepreneurship,knowledge). Production control(planning routing scheduling dispatching follow up). outputs(goods, services, ideas)
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form utility
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the value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services. example. when a company transforms raw steel into the body of an automobile they are creating form utility.
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Grove's basic production requirements
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1.build and deliver products in response to the demands of the customer 2. provide an acceptable quality level 3. to provide everything at the lowest possible cost
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Process manufacturing
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the part of production that physically or chemically changes materials
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assembly process
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part of the production process that puts together components
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continuous process
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long production runs turn out finished goods over time
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intermittent process
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production runs are short and the producer adjusts machines frequently to make different products
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flexible manufacturing
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designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products
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lean maufacturing
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using less of everything than in mass production. less.. human eforrt defects engingering effort floor space and less inventory
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mass customization
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tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers. more manufacters are learning to customize. takes place in the service sector too
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operations management planning helps solve problems like...
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facility location, layot, materials requirement planning, purchasing, inventory control, quality contorl
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facilitiy location
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the process of selecting a geographic location for a companys operations.
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information technology...
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gives firms increased flexibility in terms of location
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telecommuting
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working from home via computer and modem
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Facility layout
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physical arrangement of resources , including people, to most efficiently produce goods and provide services
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facility layout depend son the processes perfomed..
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service: help customers find products manufacturing: improve effieciency
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assembly line layout
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workers do only a few tasks at a time
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modular layout
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teams of workers produce more complex units of the final product
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fixed position layout
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allows workers to congregate around the product
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process layout
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simililar equipement and functions are grouped together
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materials reaurement planning MRP
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computer based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure parts and materialas are available when needed
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enterprise resource planning ERP
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a newer version of MRP, combines computerized functions into a single intergrated software program using a single database
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purchasing
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the function that searches for high quality material resources, find sth ebset suppliers and negotiates the best price for good and services. the internet has transforemed perchasing
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Just in time inventory conttrol
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the production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept an dparts, supplies and other neds are deliverd just in tiem to go on the assembly line . the work effectively , the process requires excellent coordination with suppliers
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quality
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consistently producint what the customer wants while reducitn gerrors before and after delivery
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six sigma quality
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a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities
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statiscitcal quality control
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a process used to continually monitor all phases of the production process
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statistical process control
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a process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage o prodcutions
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measuring quality along the production process reduces ..
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the need for quality control at the end
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baldgrige awards
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companies can apply for awards in these areas.. manufacturing, services, small businesses, education, healthcare. 85 applicants and evalutated in the seven areas of leadership, strategic planning , customer and market focus , measurement, anayliss and kowslege management, human resource focus , process mangament and results
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Iso. international organization for standarization
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largest developer and publisher of international standards. the purpose of the iso is to form a bridge between the public and private sectors bases in Switzerland.
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iso 9000
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the common name given to quality mangagemetn and assurance standarsd
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iso 14000
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a collection of the best practices for managaing an organizations impact on the environment
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Pert
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a method for analyzing the taks involed in completing a given project and estimation the time needed
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steps involved in pert
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1. analyzing and sequencing tasks 2. estimating the time needed to complete each task 3. drawing a pert network illustrating the first 2 steps 4. identifiying the critical path
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critical path
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path that will take the longest
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gantt chart
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a bar graph that shows what projects are being worke don and how much has been compelted
