Question 1

T/F: It is always better for a young child to attend preschool than to be home with a parent.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

T/F: The charting of new vocabulary words by associating them with already-known words is called fast-mapping.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

T/F: The process by which people learn from others who lead their experiences and explorations is called guided participation.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 4

T/F: The introduction of formal preschool education has occurred within the last century.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 5

T/F: Preoperational thought involves magical, self-centered imagination rather than logic.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

T/F: For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children\'s thinking skills.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 7

T/F: Jorge is learning Spanish and English simultaneously in his home. Equally fluent in both, he is a balanced bilingual.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

T/F: Teacher-directed preschool programs are similar in nature to the Reggio Emilia approach.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 9

T/F: The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is static reasoning.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 10

T/F: Centration is an obstacle to developing logical operations.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

T/F: Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card\'s edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 12

T/F: The best time to learn a second language is in early childhood.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 13

T/F: Children display evidence of fast-mapping before the age of 1.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 14

T/F: The preoperational child is incapable of understanding reversibility.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

T/F: Egocentrism is Piaget\'s term for a particular type of centration, in which the child thinks about the world from his or her own personal perspective.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 16

According to Vygotsky, which capability is demonstrated when young children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient?   A. observing B. scaffolding C. modeling D. overimitation

Accepted Answer

D

Question 17

A few days ago, Hester\'s parents disciplined her because she refused to eat her green beans. Today when her parents announced that they were going to get a divorce, Hester cried, \"Is it because I was bad? I\'ll be good!\" Hester\'s conclusion that her failure to eat her green beans is the reason her parents are getting divorced displays Hester\'s _____.   A. deductive reasoning B. conservation C. scaffolding D. theory-theory

Accepted Answer

D

Question 18

Sydney helps her 2-year-old daughter to make hot chocolate. She helps the child to measure teaspoons of cocoa into a cup, add water, stir the contents, and then microwave the cup. Sydney is providing _____.   A. scaffolding B. overstimulation C. conservation skills D. the zone of proximal development

Accepted Answer

A

Question 19

Which 4-year-old boy is likely to have the most advanced theory of mind?  A. Dewei, who is Chinese B. Carter, who is Canadian C. Faakhir, who is Indian D. Jacob, who is from the United States

Accepted Answer

A

Question 20

According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child\'s participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses _____.   A. reinforcements for good behavior B. scaffolding C. peer mentoring D. skill construction

Accepted Answer

B

Question 21

When Renee was 11 months old, she was injured in a car crash. She was in a coma for almost a year and then spent many months of recovery from a brain injury. By her third birthday, although she is making good process, she has not yet spoken, and her parents are fearful that she will never speak. The doctors, however, feel confident that Renee will learn to speak. This is because language learning in the first four years is NOT a _____.   A. sensitive period B. critical period C. developmental task D. dynamic system

Accepted Answer

B

Question 22

The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is _____.   A. the simultaneous development of magical thinking B. maturation of the prefrontal cortex C. static reasoning D. centration

Accepted Answer

B

Question 23

Jessica is reading a story book aloud to her 3-year-old daughter, Abigail. Abigail\'s father says, \"Why are you bothering? It\'s not like she\'s going to learn to read from that.\" What would you tell Abigail\'s father about reading to preschoolers?   A. He\'s right; it doesn\'t matter whether parents read to their preschoolers. B. He\'s right; children whose parents read aloud to them too early lose interest in books. C. He\'s wrong; children whose parents read to them as preschoolers tend to be better readers in elementary school. D. He\'s wrong; children whose parents read to them by age 3 learn to read by the age of 4.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 24

When shown a novel object and told that it is called a \"wug,\" preschoolers know that two of those objects would be two \"wugs.\" This ability to correctly add an -s when pluralizing is evidence of their proper use of _____.   A. inflection B. logical extensions C. grammar D. theory-theory

Accepted Answer

C

Question 25

According to theory-theory, why do children imitate irrelevant adult behaviors?   A. They mindlessly copy everything adults do. B. They theorize that the irrelevant behavior must be important. C. They theorize that the adult will reward them for correct imitation. D. They derive pleasure from correctly imitating behaviors of all sorts.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 26

A key factor that strengthens a preschooler\'s cognition is _____.   A. having an older siblings B. whether or not the child is adopted C. body weight D. knowledge of the alphabet

Accepted Answer

A

Question 27

Four-year-old Faisal and his mother were visiting Faisal\'s older sister\'s kindergarten classroom. Faisal pointed at his sister\'s teacher and asked his mother, \"What\'s that mom\'s name?\" Faisal\'s apparent assumption that all women are mothers is evidence of his use of _____.   A. lexical addition B. categorical embellishment C. vocabulary expansion D. fast-mapping

Accepted Answer

D

Question 28

Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress _____.   A. academics B. arts and music C. social skills D. dual languages

Accepted Answer

A

Question 29

Overregularization occurs because children _____.   A. tend to regress briefly before progressing to new forms of language B. have no understanding of past, present, and future verb tenses C. assume that the language is less regular than it actually is D. assume their language always follows the rules they already know

Accepted Answer

D

Question 30

If you want to find reliably high-quality group care for your preschooler, what term should you look for?   A. pre-K B. preschool C. nursery school D. none of these labels reliably indicates quality

Accepted Answer

D

Question 31

T/F: A preschooler\'s approach to the world is controlled more by his or her own subjective views of the world than by reality.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 32

T/F: The \"vocabulary explosion\" typically occurs at about 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 33

T/F: The development of theory of mind has been demonstrated across cultures.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 34

T/F: Piagetians believed in scaffolding, a learning process that involves mentors who guide the child.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 35

T/F: The preoperational child is incapable of understanding reversibility.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 36

T/F: Montessori schools focus on using materials and projects in such a way that children have a strong sense of accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 37

T/F: Studies suggest that preschool education, such as that provided by Head Start, advances the social and academic development of disadvantaged children.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 38

T/F: If a child\'s home environment is poor, early education programs won\'t be beneficial.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 39

T/F: Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card\'s edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 40

T/F: The results of a study with 3-year-old children revealed that children are more interested in copying adults than in understanding why adults act out certain human behaviors.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 41

Beverly and her mother were shopping for a birthday gift for Beverly\'s father. \"How about this? Daddy would love it!\" Beverly exclaimed, showing her mother a pink and purple toy horse with flowing mane and tail. Beverly\'s belief that her father would enjoy a toy that she herself would enjoy is an example of _____.   A. static reasoning B. egocentrism C. irreversibility D. conservatism

Accepted Answer

B

Question 42

According to Vygotsky, a child\'s first guided participation is provided by a mentor who is likely a _____.   A. classmate B. teacher C. parent D. older sibling

Accepted Answer

C

Question 43

Four-year-old Graciela is a balanced bilingual, which means that she _____.   A. speaks her native language fluently but has fluency issues when speaking her second language B. understands her native language and her second language but speaks only in her native language C. is fluent in both her native language and her second language D. understands her native language but speaks her second language more fluently

Accepted Answer

C

Question 44

Joachim lives in the United States. His mother speaks to him in Spanish. His father speaks to him in German. His parents hope that Joachim will _____.   A. speak English with an accent B. become a balanced trilingual C. experience a language shift D. not learn English

Accepted Answer

B

Question 45

According to Vygotsky, within the context of cognition, language is a tool _____.   A. to make oneself understood B. to regulate behavior C. to advance thought D. of self-expression

Accepted Answer

C

Question 46

Which child is MOST apt to have the best-developed theory of mind?   A. Nanette, age 3, who is the oldest of three children B. Brianna, age 4, who is an only child C. Boris, age 3 1/2, who has a twin sister D. Reginald, age 3 1/2, who has two older siblings

Accepted Answer

D

Question 47

Child-centered programs are often influenced by the theories of _____ and _____.   A. Piaget; Freud B. Piaget; Vygotsky C. Vygotsky; Skinner D. Skinner; Freud

Accepted Answer

B

Question 48

Which early childhood method has been found to boost reading several years later in elementary school?   A. code-focused teaching B. teacher-directed programs C. the \"Hooked on Phonics\" program D. the \"My Baby Can Read\" program

Accepted Answer

A

Question 49

In 2011 in the United States, 22 percent of children spoke English at school and _____ at home.  A. English B. another language C. Spanish D. Chinese

Accepted Answer

B

Question 50

Learning Circle Preschool emphasizes individual pride and achievement while focusing on teaching young children literacy-related tasks. Learning Circle\'s approach seems to most closely resemble a(n) _____ program.   A. intervention B. Montessori C. Reggio Emilia D. bilingual

Accepted Answer

B

Question 51

Children typically understand the basics of grammar by the _____.   A. age of 2 B. time the child has a vocabulary of about 300 words C. time the child has a vocabulary of about 600 words D. age of 5

Accepted Answer

A

Question 52

\"I catched two mouses in a trap\" is an example of _____.  A. egocentric speech B. overregularization C. literal translation D. past imperfect tense

Accepted Answer

B

Question 53

T/F: Vygotsky believed cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 54

T/F: The biggest long-term gains from intensive, early intervention programs were seen in boys from high-poverty neighborhoods in a Chicago preschool program.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 55

Aaliyah lies in her bed at night, talking out loud. Her parents listen from the hallway and hear her talking about her day as if she\'s talking to another person. What should her parents conclude about Aaliyah\'s behavior?  A. She\'s engaging in private speech, and it is completely normal. B. She\'s engaging in private speech, and it is a sign of abnormal development. C. She thinks there is someone else in the room. D. Children who talk out loud when alone are usually experiencing bullying at school.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 56

A preschool child thinks a tall 20-year-old man is older than a short 40-year-old man. This is an example of _____.   A. egocentrism B. static thinking C. focus on appearance D. symbolic thinking

Accepted Answer

C

Question 57

Preschoolers try to construct a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as _____.  A. reversibility B. focus on appearance C. theory-theory D. logical reasoning

Accepted Answer

C

Question 58

A child\'s inability to understand that undoing a sequence of events will bring about the original situation is called _____.   A. concrete operations B. conservation C. irreversibility D. symbolic thought

Accepted Answer

C

Question 59

When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to Jennie\'s _____.   A. static reasoning B. abstract reasoning C. concrete thinking D. irreversibility

Accepted Answer

A

Question 60

Research has shown that the development of a theory of mind varies according to _____.  A. outdoor playtime B. time watching TV C. social interactions with older siblings D. diet and exercise

Accepted Answer

C

Question 61

What has research found to be the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish?   A. providing an English-only curriculum at school and encouraging the use of Spanish at home B. providing the majority of instruction in Spanish, with a small amount of time reading in English each day C. combining English and Spanish instruction D. completely immersing the children in the English language and discouraging the use of Spanish at home

Accepted Answer

C

Question 62

A child is shown two identical tall containers, both half-filled with water. The contents of one container are then poured into a short, wide container. If the child states that both containers still have the same amount, then the child understands the concept of _____.   A. classification B. conservation C. centration D. transformation

Accepted Answer

B

Question 63

Which is an example of scaffolding?   A. David helps his son build a model airplane by assembling it while his son watches. B. Howard and Priscilla buy a Wii game system for their 5-year-old daughter Rebecca. They set it up for her and then allow her to figure out how to turn it on and use it. C. Richard buys a do-it-yourself kite kit for his 6-year-old daughter Angela. He lays all of the pieces out for her and then allows her to read the instructions and follow them herself. D. Miriam helps her son Ben to make cookies. She measures all of the ingredients out and places them on the counter in small bowls. She reads the recipe aloud as Ben places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 64

T/F: Overregularization is actually a sign of increased verbal knowledge.

Accepted Answer

True

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