Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome – Flashcards
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Praetors
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interpreted law and acted as judges
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Latifundia
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large farming estates worked by enslaved people
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First Triumvirate
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Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar
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Aqueduct
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a human-made channel for carrying water long distances
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Sicily
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an island that is part of Italy
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Plebeians
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artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms
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First Punic War
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Rome defeated Carthage in 241 BC, war was fought over control of Sicily
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Cicero
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Rome's greatest public speaker
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Dictator
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ruled on a temporary basis during an emergency
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Third Punic War
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Rome enslaved 50,000 Carthaginians, took control of Carthage
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Roman Confederation
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system of rule where Rome gave full citizenship to some conquered people
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Pax Romana
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200 years of peace that began with the rule of Augustus
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Aeneid
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legend of Trojan hero said to have begun Rome
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Patricians
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wealthy landowners
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Second Triumvirate
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Octavian, Antony, Lepidus
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Romulus and Remus
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traditional legend explaining the beginning of Rome.
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267 BC
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Romans took over most of Italy
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287 BC
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Council of the Plebs could pass laws
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Twelve Tables
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Rome's first written laws
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Second Punic
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Carthage attacked Rome
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March 15, 44 BC
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Caesar's enemies killed him
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Octavian
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took the title of Augustus
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Hadrian
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built a wall for defense in Britain
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Italy
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a peninsula shaped like a boot
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Rome's foundation
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between 800 BC and 700 BC
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509 BC
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began a Republic
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Cincinnatus
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a dictator who served for 16 days
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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
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wanted to give land to the poor.
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Battle of Actium
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Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian
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Julio-Claudian rulers
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Caligula, Nero, Tiberius, and Claudius
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How did geography affect where Rome was located?
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Rome was located 15 mile sup the Tiber River in order to protect the city from raid by pirates. The river provided a source of water and a waterway to the Mediterranean Sea. The city was built on seven steep hills that allowed Romans to defend the city against enemies.
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What reforms did Julius Caesar introduce in Rome? What effect did they have?
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Julius Caesar granted citizenship to people living in Rome's territory outside the Italian peninsula. He started colonies to give landless people land to farm. He ordered landowners who used slave labor to hire more free people to give jobs to unemployed people. All of these measures made Caesar popular with porr people of Rome.
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Describe the development of the Council of the Plebs.
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The plebeians began taking action to get more rights in the Roman government in 494 BC., when many of them refused to serve in the army and also left the city to set up their own republic. These moves convinced the patricians to share power. In 471 BC, the plebeians were allowed to set up a body of representatives called the Council of the Plebs. They elected tribunes who had the right to veto government decisions. IN 287 BC, the Council of the Plebs won the right to pass laws for all Romans.
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How did Augustus pave the way for 200 years of peace and prosperity?
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Augustus built a permanent, professional army, as well as the Praetorian Guard, to protect the emperor. He rebuilt Rome. He imported grain to feed the poor. He improved Rome's government. He made the tax system fairer by making tax collectors government workers. He also reformed the legal system.
