Chapter 8 practice questions- PrepU – Flashcards

Successful treatment with bacteriostatic antibiotics depends upon: using broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs to treat viral infections. the ability of the host's immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy. stopping drug therapy when symptoms have subsided. the type of drug-resistant bacterial strains that can reproduce in the presence of antimicrobial drugs.

A client is receiving aminoglycoside therapy. The nurse would be alert for:

What would be categorized as an anti-infective agent? Anthelmintics Anticoagulants Anticholinergics Anticonvulsants

The nurse is preparing to administer a drug that is bactericidal. The nurse should explain what characteristic of this drug?

The nurse is assessing a client who has recently been given the first dose of a new anti-infective. What finding should lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction? The client has a facial and trunk rash. The client is experiencing vertigo. The client's blood pressure is 141/88 mm Hg. The client recently had an episode of diarrhea.

A burn client develops a wound infection. What type of microorganism contributes to the development of the wound infection? Fungal Food-borne Opportunistic Nosocomial

A nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit. The client was admitted 2 hours ago with a severe infection and was started on empiric therapy. Which test will be done to identify drug susceptibility? Glucose tolerance Culture and sensitivity Rapid stimulation test Guthrie test

A nurse is aware that the concept of selective toxicity is foundational to antimicrobial therapy. Which statement most accurately describes selective toxicity? A drug harms microbes without harming human cells. A drug can be isolated and produced in a controlled manner in a laboratory setting. A drug's effect on microorganisms is proportionate to dose. Most microbes may be collected from a host and cultured on an alternative medium.

A 6-year-old client is prescribed a narrow-spectrum antibiotic. What is meant by "narrow-spectrum antibiotic"? The antibiotic has little to no effect against pathogens. The antibiotic can treat both Gram-negative organisms and Gram-positive organisms. The antibiotic dosage needs to be monitored carefully to prevent toxicity. The antibiotic is effective against only a select few pathogens.

The nurse caring for a 24-year-old woman admitted with pneumonia explains how antibiotics work to help cure her pneumonia. Which statement would be correct about how antibiotic therapy works? Antibiotics work by increasing the cells' metabolic pathways. Antibiotics work by increasing protein synthesis. Antibiotics work by increasing nucleic acid synthesis. Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

The client is taking an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. The client asks how the antibiotic interferes with the growth of bacteria. The nurse explains that the antibiotic has the ability to suppress or kill an infecting microbe without injury to the host. This is referred to as: cell-specific immunity. homeostasis. selective toxicity. host cell reactivity.

People taking antimicrobial drugs should be instructed to report any problem that could indicate adverse drug effects, lack of therapeutic response, or emergence of another infection. One such problem is: muscle soreness. headache. skin rash. constipation.

Bacitracin (Baciguent) interferes with the cell wall synthesis of which type of bacteria? Streptococcal Pseudomonas Staphylococcal Proteus

Aminogylcoside antibiotics tend to collect in the eighth cranial nerve. The nurse would anticipate that which clinical manifestation may occur from the cranial nerve involvement? Slurred speech Inability to swallow Blindness Vertigo

Clients receiving aminoglycosides should be monitored closely for which toxicities? Neurological Renal Gastrointestinal Pancreatic

Which would be tested to determine parasitic sources of infection? Sweat Sputum Stool Blood

The nurse understands that an infection caused by a secondary pathogen, which can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy, is known as which of the following? Primary infection Cross-sensitivity Superinfection Acquired resistance

What occurs when the normal flora is destroyed by the use of anti-infectives? neurotoxicity superinfection resistance hypersensitivity

A female client comes to the clinic reporting vaginal discharge with itching. When obtaining the client's medication history, what would the nurse consider as significant? oral contraceptive use daily multivitamin supplement broad spectrum anti-infective for recent infection inhaled bronchodilator for asthma

An older adult client is prescribed an anti-infective agent. Which would the nurse need to keep in mind? Liver and kidney function may be reduced, requiring cautious use. The client will most likely want to have a rapid cure for the problem. The client has a lower risk for developing gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity. Signs and symptoms of infection are the same as those for a younger client.

Inappropriate use of antibiotics does all of the following except increase: adverse drug effects. the number of available effective drugs for serious or antibiotic-resistant infections. infections with drug-resistant microorganisms. health care costs.

Which intervention is necessary to perform prior to initiating antibiotic therapy? Increase fluid intake. Administer an antidiarrheal to prevent GI upset. Obtain a specimen for culture and sensitivity. Monitor for adverse effects.

Although the numbers and virulence of microorganisms help determine whether a person acquires an infection, another major factor is: the host's ability to defend itself against the would-be invaders. the number of effective drugs available for serious or antibiotic-resistant infections. infections that tend to recur and involve simple organisms. continuous antimicrobial treatment of infections.

A client comes to the clinic reporting mouth sores that appear consistent with an oral yeast infection. The nurse should question the client about recent use of: oral contraceptive agents. antiprotozoals. antibiotics. antivirals.

Whenever possible, culture and sensitivity testing should be performed before an anti-infective agent is prescribed. T/F?

A client is diagnosed with strep throat. Which of the factors has contributed to the development of the illness? Hypertension Leukopenia Hypokalemia Anxiety

An immunocompromised patient in a critical care setting has developed a respiratory infection that has been attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The nurse should anticipate that the patient will require treatment with an antistaphylococcic penicillin. ciprofloxacin. vancomycin. clindamycin.

A client is admitted to the hospital with elevated temperature, chills, cough, and fatigue. The physician orders a chest x-ray, which indicates pneumonia. The blood cultures also come back positive for a Gram-negative bacillus. The physician orders two antibiotics to be given to the client, one for Gram-negative organisms and one for Gram-positive organisms. Why does the physician not prescribe just one antibiotic for both types of bacteria? It is better for the client to be on two medications. There are not any antibiotics available in the United States that treat both bacteria. Broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance. There is a cost savings when prescribing narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

The client has been taking her antibiotic for five days. She tells the nurse that she is now experiencing vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse suspects what has occurred? The client is not taking her medications. The client has developed sepsis. The client is experiencing an adverse reaction. The client has developed a superinfection.

When describing an anti-infective agent with a narrow spectrum of activity, what would the nurse include? The drug is effective against many different organisms. The drug is highly aggressive in killing the pathogen. The drug is selective in its action on organisms. The drug is effective in interfering with the cell's reproduction.

Antifungal agents are used to treat infections caused by protozoa. T/F?

A client is to be started on an antibiotic. Which is most important to take into consideration before beginning the antibiotic regimen? Client's age and weight Duration of symptoms Culture and susceptibility Client's hydration status

A nurse has questioned why a client's physician has prescribed a narrow-spectrum antibiotic rather than a broad-spectrum drug in the treatment of an infection. Which facts provide the best rationale for the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics whenever possible? Broad-spectrum antibiotics confound the results of subsequent culture and sensitivity testing. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can create a risk for a superinfection. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics normally require a shorter duration of treatment. The efficacy of most narrow-spectrum antibiotics has not been proven.

What would contribute to drug resistance? Prescribed duration of therapy High dosage to eradicate the organism Around-the-clock scheduling Antibiotic prescription for viral illness

To ensure that the most appropriate drug is being used to treat a pathogen, which would need to be done first? Using combination therapy Checking client allergies Evaluating the bactericidal effects Obtaining sensitivity testing

What are classified as anti infectives, select all that apply: Antiprotozoals Antithelmintics Antifungals Anticonvulsants Antimetabolites