Chapter 8 FSHN Exam – Flashcards

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Which of the following cooking methods is most likely to decrease the vitamin C content of vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables?
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Boiling
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During which phase do cancerous cells metastasize?
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Progression
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Which of the following plays the primary role in the body's physiological functions?
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Retinol
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Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of vitamin E?
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Milk
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What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate?
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lung cancer
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What is a compound that has the ability to prevent or repair the damages caused by oxidation?
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Antioxidant
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Which of the following is linked to cervical cancer?
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
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Carotenosis is a condition causing yellow or orange pigments in the skin. It is caused by consuming too much of which types of food?
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Deep green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
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Atoms with unpaired electrons are called
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free radicals
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of possible cancer?
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Unexplained weight gain
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Which of the following foods has the highest beta-carotene content?
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Pumpkin
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What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?
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Scurvy
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The heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency is
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Keshan disease
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What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?
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33 percent
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To reduce the risk of skin cancer, one should limit sunlight exposure to no more than ____ minutes between 10 am and 4 pm
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20 minutes
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Key functions of Vitamin A
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-essential to sight -protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation -cell differentiation -NOT enhancing absorption of iron
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To increase their absorption of iron, a person with low iron stores many benefit from consuming iron sources along with foods rich in ______
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Vitamin C
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Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency
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Tissue hemorrhage
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All of the following factors may cause free radical formation
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-overexposure to the sun -pollution -tobacco smoke
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All of the following act as cofactors EXCEPT:
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calcium
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All of the following act as cofactors:
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-selenium -iron -copper
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What are Cofactors?
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inorganic substances required to activate enzymes so that they can do their work
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One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:
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xerophthalmia
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Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of selenium?
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Halibut (three ounces)
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What kinds of foods have Vitamin E?
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Plant sources
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What is the name for a physician who specializes in cancer treatment?
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Oncologist
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Which nutrient does not have a Recommended Daily Allowance?
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Beta-carotene
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At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?
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progression
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The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the _______
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retinoids
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The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is______
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rhodopsin
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T/F Approximately half of all cancers are strongly hereditary.
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False
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The three major types of cancer treatment are:
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-radiation -chemotherapy -surgery
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What is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
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a cofactor
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T/F Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.
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False
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The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?
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a glass of orange juice
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T/F Ninety percent of the vitamin A we absorb is stored in adipose tissue.
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False
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T/F There is growing evidence that antioxidant supplements do NOT reduce our risk for CVD.
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True
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MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the _____
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liver.
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Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?
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They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.
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What are free radicals?
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highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function
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Where does the body store selenium?
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in amino acids in the body
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Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of which of the following proteins that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body?
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collagen
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Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and decreased mortality from heart disease in smokers?
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ATBC Study
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The term oxidation refers to ______.
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an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical.
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What do antioxidants do to free radicals?
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Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.
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Vitamin C and E work to protect the body's ______ and _______
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cell membranes and lungs
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Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also ________.
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is an inactive form of vitamin A.
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The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are ______.
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animal-based foods.
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Free Radicals: (3 things)
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-contain an unpaired electron -steal electrons from phospholipids found in cell membranes -can be neutralized by antioxidants
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Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE?
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Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds
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Antioxidants:
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-vitamin C -vitamin E -beta carotene -mineral selenium
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Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency? -Pregnant women -Vegetarians -People with liver or gallbladder diseases -People with diabetes
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People with liver or gallbladder diseases
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Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.
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Cofactors
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Beta-carotene is a _______.
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carotenoid
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Vitamin C assists in_______.
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collagen synthesis
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Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _______ function.
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immune
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Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.
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water soluble
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Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E? Salmon Canola oil Grilled chicken Greek yogurt
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Canola Oil
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Which is the best food source of beta-carotene? Salmon Cheddar cheese Blueberries Pumpkin pie
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Pumpkin Pie
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Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A?
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Liver and onions with a glass of wine
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An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.
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weight
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Vitamin C assists in ____.
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collagen synthesis
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T/F Antioxidants must be consumed in our diet because our bodies cannot make them
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True
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T/F Once the DNA of the cell is mutated and the altered cells begin to grow, the development of cancer is inevitable.
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False
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Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
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a prooxidant
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Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
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Vitamin C
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How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals?
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break down oxidized fatty acids
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Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of
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heterocyclic amines
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Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
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hemochromatosis
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Beta-carotene is a precursor of
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retinol
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Which nutrient requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
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Vitamin C
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T/F Toxicity symptoms of vitamin A include birth defects, spontaneous abortion, blurred vision, and liver damage
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True
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T/F Only the retina's rod cells, and not its cone cells, require retinal.
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False
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Tocopherol compounds are biologically active forms of ______.
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Vitamin E
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The inactive forms of vitamins found in the body that must be converted to their active forms before they can be used are known as
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provitamins
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What type of cells is responsible for enabling us to see in different colors?
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cone
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