question

Which of the following cooking methods is most likely to decrease the vitamin C content of vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables?

answer

Boiling

question

During which phase do cancerous cells metastasize?

answer

Progression

question

Which of the following plays the primary role in the body's physiological functions?

answer

Retinol

question

Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of vitamin E?

answer

Milk

question

What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate?

answer

lung cancer

question

What is a compound that has the ability to prevent or repair the damages caused by oxidation?

answer

Antioxidant

question

Which of the following is linked to cervical cancer?

answer

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

question

Carotenosis is a condition causing yellow or orange pigments in the skin. It is caused by consuming too much of which types of food?

answer

Deep green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables

question

Atoms with unpaired electrons are called

answer

free radicals

question

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of possible cancer?

answer

Unexplained weight gain

question

Which of the following foods has the highest beta-carotene content?

answer

Pumpkin

question

What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?

answer

Scurvy

question

The heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency is

answer

Keshan disease

question

What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?

answer

33 percent

question

To reduce the risk of skin cancer, one should limit sunlight exposure to no more than ____ minutes between 10 am and 4 pm

answer

20 minutes

question

Key functions of Vitamin A

answer

-essential to sight -protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation -cell differentiation -NOT enhancing absorption of iron

question

To increase their absorption of iron, a person with low iron stores many benefit from consuming iron sources along with foods rich in ______

answer

Vitamin C

question

Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency

answer

Tissue hemorrhage

question

All of the following factors may cause free radical formation

answer

-overexposure to the sun -pollution -tobacco smoke

question

All of the following act as cofactors EXCEPT:

answer

calcium

question

All of the following act as cofactors:

answer

-selenium -iron -copper

question

What are Cofactors?

answer

inorganic substances required to activate enzymes so that they can do their work

question

One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:

answer

xerophthalmia

question

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of selenium?

answer

Halibut (three ounces)

question

What kinds of foods have Vitamin E?

answer

Plant sources

question

What is the name for a physician who specializes in cancer treatment?

answer

Oncologist

question

Which nutrient does not have a Recommended Daily Allowance?

answer

Beta-carotene

question

At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?

answer

progression

question

The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the _______

answer

retinoids

question

The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is______

answer

rhodopsin

question

T/F Approximately half of all cancers are strongly hereditary.

answer

False

question

The three major types of cancer treatment are:

answer

-radiation -chemotherapy -surgery

question

What is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?

answer

a cofactor

question

T/F Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.

answer

False

question

The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?

answer

a glass of orange juice

question

T/F Ninety percent of the vitamin A we absorb is stored in adipose tissue.

answer

False

question

T/F There is growing evidence that antioxidant supplements do NOT reduce our risk for CVD.

answer

True

question

MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the _____

answer

liver.

question

Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?

answer

They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.

question

What are free radicals?

answer

highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function

question

Where does the body store selenium?

answer

in amino acids in the body

question

Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of which of the following proteins that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body?

answer

collagen

question

Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and decreased mortality from heart disease in smokers?

answer

ATBC Study

question

The term oxidation refers to ______.

answer

an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical.

question

What do antioxidants do to free radicals?

answer

Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.

question

Vitamin C and E work to protect the body's ______ and _______

answer

cell membranes and lungs

question

Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also ________.

answer

is an inactive form of vitamin A.

question

The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are ______.

answer

animal-based foods.

question

Free Radicals: (3 things)

answer

-contain an unpaired electron -steal electrons from phospholipids found in cell membranes -can be neutralized by antioxidants

question

Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE?

answer

Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds

question

Antioxidants:

answer

-vitamin C -vitamin E -beta carotene -mineral selenium

question

Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency? -Pregnant women -Vegetarians -People with liver or gallbladder diseases -People with diabetes

answer

People with liver or gallbladder diseases

question

Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.

answer

Cofactors

question

Beta-carotene is a _______.

answer

carotenoid

question

Vitamin C assists in_______.

answer

collagen synthesis

question

Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _______ function.

answer

immune

question

Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.

answer

water soluble

question

Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E? Salmon Canola oil Grilled chicken Greek yogurt

answer

Canola Oil

question

Which is the best food source of beta-carotene? Salmon Cheddar cheese Blueberries Pumpkin pie

answer

Pumpkin Pie

question

Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A?

answer

Liver and onions with a glass of wine

question

An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.

answer

weight

question

Vitamin C assists in ____.

answer

collagen synthesis

question

T/F Antioxidants must be consumed in our diet because our bodies cannot make them

answer

True

question

T/F Once the DNA of the cell is mutated and the altered cells begin to grow, the development of cancer is inevitable.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?

answer

a prooxidant

question

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?

answer

Vitamin C

question

How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals?

answer

break down oxidized fatty acids

question

Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of

answer

heterocyclic amines

question

Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from

answer

hemochromatosis

question

Beta-carotene is a precursor of

answer

retinol

question

Which nutrient requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?

answer

Vitamin C

question

T/F Toxicity symptoms of vitamin A include birth defects, spontaneous abortion, blurred vision, and liver damage

answer

True

question

T/F Only the retina's rod cells, and not its cone cells, require retinal.

answer

False

question

Tocopherol compounds are biologically active forms of ______.

answer

Vitamin E

question

The inactive forms of vitamins found in the body that must be converted to their active forms before they can be used are known as

answer

provitamins

question

What type of cells is responsible for enabling us to see in different colors?

answer

cone

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