Chapter 8 FSHN Exam – Flashcards
76 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 76question
What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate?
answer
lung cancer
Unlock the answer
question
What is a compound that has the ability to prevent or repair the damages caused by oxidation?
answer
Antioxidant
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is linked to cervical cancer?
answer
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Unlock the answer
question
Carotenosis is a condition causing yellow or orange pigments in the skin. It is caused by consuming too much of which types of food?
answer
Deep green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
Unlock the answer
question
Atoms with unpaired electrons are called
answer
free radicals
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of possible cancer?
answer
Unexplained weight gain
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following foods has the highest beta-carotene content?
answer
Pumpkin
Unlock the answer
question
What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?
answer
Scurvy
Unlock the answer
question
The heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency is
answer
Keshan disease
Unlock the answer
question
What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?
answer
33 percent
Unlock the answer
question
To reduce the risk of skin cancer, one should limit sunlight exposure to no more than ____ minutes between 10 am and 4 pm
answer
20 minutes
Unlock the answer
question
Key functions of Vitamin A
answer
-essential to sight -protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation -cell differentiation -NOT enhancing absorption of iron
Unlock the answer
question
To increase their absorption of iron, a person with low iron stores many benefit from consuming iron sources along with foods rich in ______
answer
Vitamin C
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency
answer
Tissue hemorrhage
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following factors may cause free radical formation
answer
-overexposure to the sun -pollution -tobacco smoke
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following act as cofactors EXCEPT:
answer
calcium
Unlock the answer
question
All of the following act as cofactors:
answer
-selenium -iron -copper
Unlock the answer
question
What are Cofactors?
answer
inorganic substances required to activate enzymes so that they can do their work
Unlock the answer
question
One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:
answer
xerophthalmia
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of selenium?
answer
Halibut (three ounces)
Unlock the answer
question
What kinds of foods have Vitamin E?
answer
Plant sources
Unlock the answer
question
What is the name for a physician who specializes in cancer treatment?
answer
Oncologist
Unlock the answer
question
Which nutrient does not have a Recommended Daily Allowance?
answer
Beta-carotene
Unlock the answer
question
At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?
answer
progression
Unlock the answer
question
The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the _______
answer
retinoids
Unlock the answer
question
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is______
answer
rhodopsin
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Approximately half of all cancers are strongly hereditary.
answer
False
Unlock the answer
question
The three major types of cancer treatment are:
answer
-radiation -chemotherapy -surgery
Unlock the answer
question
What is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
answer
a cofactor
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes contain a large amount of preformed vitamin A.
answer
False
Unlock the answer
question
The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?
answer
a glass of orange juice
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Ninety percent of the vitamin A we absorb is stored in adipose tissue.
answer
False
Unlock the answer
question
T/F There is growing evidence that antioxidant supplements do NOT reduce our risk for CVD.
answer
True
Unlock the answer
question
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the _____
answer
liver.
Unlock the answer
question
Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?
answer
They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.
Unlock the answer
question
What are free radicals?
answer
highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function
Unlock the answer
question
Where does the body store selenium?
answer
in amino acids in the body
Unlock the answer
question
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of which of the following proteins that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body?
answer
collagen
Unlock the answer
question
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and decreased mortality from heart disease in smokers?
answer
ATBC Study
Unlock the answer
question
The term oxidation refers to ______.
answer
an oxygen-fueled chemical reaction that causes a stable atom to lose an electron and become a reactive free radical.
Unlock the answer
question
What do antioxidants do to free radicals?
answer
Stabilize them so they no longer damage the body's molecules or structures.
Unlock the answer
question
Vitamin C and E work to protect the body's ______ and _______
answer
cell membranes and lungs
Unlock the answer
question
Beta-carotene is a plant chemical that also ________.
answer
is an inactive form of vitamin A.
Unlock the answer
question
The most abundant sources of vitamin A in the diet are ______.
answer
animal-based foods.
Unlock the answer
question
Free Radicals: (3 things)
answer
-contain an unpaired electron -steal electrons from phospholipids found in cell membranes -can be neutralized by antioxidants
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is FALSE?
answer
Free radicals donate electrons to unstable compounds
Unlock the answer
question
Antioxidants:
answer
-vitamin C -vitamin E -beta carotene -mineral selenium
Unlock the answer
question
Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency? -Pregnant women -Vegetarians -People with liver or gallbladder diseases -People with diabetes
answer
People with liver or gallbladder diseases
Unlock the answer
question
Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.
answer
Cofactors
Unlock the answer
question
Beta-carotene is a _______.
answer
carotenoid
Unlock the answer
question
Vitamin C assists in_______.
answer
collagen synthesis
Unlock the answer
question
Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _______ function.
answer
immune
Unlock the answer
question
Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.
answer
water soluble
Unlock the answer
question
Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E? Salmon Canola oil Grilled chicken Greek yogurt
answer
Canola Oil
Unlock the answer
question
Which is the best food source of beta-carotene? Salmon Cheddar cheese Blueberries Pumpkin pie
answer
Pumpkin Pie
Unlock the answer
question
Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A?
answer
Liver and onions with a glass of wine
Unlock the answer
question
An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.
answer
weight
Unlock the answer
question
Vitamin C assists in ____.
answer
collagen synthesis
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Antioxidants must be consumed in our diet because our bodies cannot make them
answer
True
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Once the DNA of the cell is mutated and the altered cells begin to grow, the development of cancer is inevitable.
answer
False
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
answer
a prooxidant
Unlock the answer
question
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
answer
Vitamin C
Unlock the answer
question
How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals?
answer
break down oxidized fatty acids
Unlock the answer
question
Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of
answer
heterocyclic amines
Unlock the answer
question
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
answer
hemochromatosis
Unlock the answer
question
Beta-carotene is a precursor of
answer
retinol
Unlock the answer
question
Which nutrient requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
answer
Vitamin C
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Toxicity symptoms of vitamin A include birth defects, spontaneous abortion, blurred vision, and liver damage
answer
True
Unlock the answer
question
T/F Only the retina's rod cells, and not its cone cells, require retinal.
answer
False
Unlock the answer
question
Tocopherol compounds are biologically active forms of ______.
answer
Vitamin E
Unlock the answer
question
The inactive forms of vitamins found in the body that must be converted to their active forms before they can be used are known as
answer
provitamins
Unlock the answer
question
What type of cells is responsible for enabling us to see in different colors?
answer
cone
Unlock the answer
