chapter 8 emt – Flashcards
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ashen
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Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
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determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card
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A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:
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What seems to be the matter?
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Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
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radiating
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Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
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Does your mother have diabetes?
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Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?
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diaphoretic
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A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being
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subcutaneous emphysema
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A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called
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pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition
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During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
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immediately suction her oropharynx.
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You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:
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most serious thing the patient is concerned about.
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The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
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assess for the presence of a brachial pulse
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You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. After delivering two rescue breaths, you should:
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5 minutes.
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An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:
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ensure that you are safe
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Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:
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regular
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A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:
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The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.
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Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?
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auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope
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Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?
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Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.
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Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?
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pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
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A palpable pulse is created by:
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falsely high systolic and diastolic reading
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A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:
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has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone
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You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
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decreased blood oxygen.
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Cyanosis of the skin is caused by
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children who are younger than 6 years of age.
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With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:
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open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
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A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
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a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
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Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?
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61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis
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Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?
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13
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A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:
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perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.
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You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:
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ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.
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When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
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apply direct pressure to the wound
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A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:
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severe chest pain and cool, pale skin
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Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?
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liver dysfunction
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A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:
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immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:
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prepare for immediate transport.
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A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should:
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"How much Tylenol do you take each day?
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Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
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Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.
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Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?
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I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."
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Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?
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bruising behind the ear.
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When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:
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sitting up at a 45° angle.
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Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:
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a loss of vascular tone
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A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate:
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start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.
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You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should:
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It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound
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Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?
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The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries
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Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
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maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath.
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End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:
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provide assisted ventilation.
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You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:
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systemic head-to-toe examination
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Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?
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minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.
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The diastolic pressure represents the
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position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.
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You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
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systolic blood pressure
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When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:
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tidal volume is markedly reduced
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When a patient's respirations are shallow:
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perform a careful and thorough assessment
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The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
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subcutaneous emphysema
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When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:
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confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene
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While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:
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alleviate the pain
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Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:
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pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
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A palpable pulse is created by:
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upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.
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During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
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airway, breathing, and circulation
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An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:
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44%
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At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to
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any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value
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When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:
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repeating statements back to him or her
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When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:
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patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients
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A full-body scan should be performed on:
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pulse strength
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Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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peripheral circulation is decreased.
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During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his:
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opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
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An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
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posterior
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When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
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beta-blockers medications
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Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?
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suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.
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After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:
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gentle palpation of the pelvis
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A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient?
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you may inadvertently compress the trachea.
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Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:
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without assistance
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A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:
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when you determine there are multiple patients
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When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?
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brachial artery
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When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery.
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palms and soles
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In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:
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12 to 20 breaths per minute.
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The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:
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date and event
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A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:
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perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.
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You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:
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only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls
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Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?
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acute anxiety
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Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
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history taking
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When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem?
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60 and 100 beats/min.
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For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:
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the reason why the patient called EMS
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Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:
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2 seconds
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When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:
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You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.
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Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?
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there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs
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A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:
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with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume
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Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:
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systolic pressure
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The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:
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Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point
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Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
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effectiveness of oxygenation
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The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the:
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opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
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An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
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ventricles relaxing
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While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the
