Question 1

According to the text the key to success for organizations is

Accepted Answer

According to the text the key to success for organizations is remaining flexible and adapting to the changing times. Often that means going back to basic organizational principles.

Question 2

describe division of labor

Accepted Answer

Division of labor refers to dividing up tasks among workers

Question 3

describe job specialization

Accepted Answer

Job specialization is dividing tasks into smaller jobs

Question 4

often being flexible enough to adapt to changing times means

Accepted Answer

going back to basic organizational principles and rebuilding the firm on a sound foundation

Question 5

one of the first steps is to -- your business

Accepted Answer

organize

Question 6

organizing or structuring begins with?

Accepted Answer

determining what work needs to be done (mowing, edging, trimming) and then dividing up the tasks.

Question 7

the process of setting up individual departments to do specialized tasks is called

Accepted Answer

departmentalization

Question 8

name some departments a company many have

Accepted Answer

production (mowing) marketing accounting and maintenance.

Question 9

starting an organization consists of

Accepted Answer

a. devising a division of labor  b. setting up teams or departments to do specific tasks  c. assigning responsibility and authority to people  d. allocating resources  e. assigning specific tasks  f. establishing procedures for accomplishing organizational objectives

Question 10

what does an organization chart show

Accepted Answer

An organization chart shows relationships among people: who is accountable for the completion of specific work and who reports to whom.

Question 11

what has created so much change in organizations

Accepted Answer

The change in organizations is due to the changing business environment - more global competition, a declining economy, faster technological change, and pressure to do more about the environment. Consumer expectations have also changed, and consumers expect the highest quality products and fast, friendly service at a reasonable cost.

Question 12

many organizations in the past were designed more to

Accepted Answer

facilitate management than to please the costumes.

Question 13

mass production

Accepted Answer

methods for efficiently producing large quantities of goods

Question 14

during the era of mass production, organization theorists emerged name two influential thinkers whose principles are still being used in businesses throughout the world

Accepted Answer

henri fayol and max weber

Question 15

name a booked the Henri Fayol published in 1919 and in 1949 it was popularized in the US under what title

Accepted Answer

Administration industrielle et generale   In US General and Industrial Management

Question 16

name 10 of Fayols principles of organization

Accepted Answer

Unity of command  Hierarchy of authority  Division of labor  Subordination of individual interests to the general interest   Authority  Degree of centralization  Clear communication channels  Order  Equity  Esprit de corps

Question 17

Unity of command

Accepted Answer

reporting to only one boss

Question 18

Hierarchy of authority -

Accepted Answer

workers should know to whom they report. (Managers should have the right to give orders and expect others to follow(changed over time empowerment is often more important now))

Question 19

Division of labor -

Accepted Answer

functions are divided into areas of specialization (such as production, marketing, and finance has changed cross functional teamwork is getting more emphasis)

Question 20

Subordination of individual interests to the general interest -

Accepted Answer

team work (concept is still very much used)

Question 21

Authority -

Accepted Answer

managers have the right to give orders and power to enforce obedience (being modified as managers are beginning to empower employees)

Question 22

Degree of centralization -

Accepted Answer

The amount of decision making power given to top management should vary by circumstances.

Question 23

Clear communication channels -

Accepted Answer

all workers should be able to reach others in the firm quickly and easily

Question 24

Order -

Accepted Answer

people and materials should be in the proper location

Question 25

Equity -

Accepted Answer

managers should treat employees with respect and justice

Question 26

Esprit de corps -

Accepted Answer

a spirit of pride and loyalty should be created

Question 27

the process of rule making often led to

Accepted Answer

The process of rule making often led to rigid organizations that didn\'t always respond quickly to consumer requests

Question 28

what was the title of max webers book

Accepted Answer

the theory of social and economic organization it appeared int eh US in the late 40\'s

Question 29

Max Weber was a

Accepted Answer

German sociologist and economist, he promoted the pyramid-shaped organization structure that became popular in large firms

Question 30

Identify four characteristics of Max Webers Bureaucracy

Accepted Answer

a. Job descriptions  b. Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records  c. Consistent procedures, regulations and policies  d. Staffing and promotions based on qualifications

Question 31

how do workers today differ from those during the time that Weber was writing and how did that affect management

Accepted Answer

Workers during Weber\'s time were much less educated and trained than today\'s workers. Weber felt that a firm would do well if employees would do what managers told them to do. The less decision making employees had to do, the better.

Question 32

In a company with many layer of management what is the process for an employee mto introduce a work change?

Accepted Answer

In a company with many layers of management, if employees want to introduce work changes, they ask a supervisor, who asks a manager, who asks a manager at the next level up, and so on. Eventually a decision is made and passed down from manager to manager until it reaches the employee. Decisions can take weeks or months to be made.

Question 33

What did Weber mean by the term \"bureaucrat\"

Accepted Answer

Weber used the term bureaucrat to describe a middle manager whose function it was to implement top management\'s orders.

Question 34

Name an organization today that still thrives on Weber\'s theories

Accepted Answer

United Parcel Service (UPS)

Question 35

When employees have to ask their manager for permission to make a change,

Accepted Answer

the process may take so long that customers become annoyed. This can happen in both large and small organizations. Since customers want efficient, quick service, slow service is not acceptable.

Question 36

empowerment works only when

Accepted Answer

employees are given the proper training and resources to respond

Question 37

How are companies reorganizing to make customers happy

Accepted Answer

To make customers happy, organizations are giving employees more power to make decisions on their own and to please the customer no matter what.

Question 38

name two companies who have reorganized giving empowerment to employees

Accepted Answer

Home Depot and Nordstrom ( Nordstrom employees can accept a return from a customer without managerial approval even if the item was not originally sold at that store)

Question 39

what are the advantages of centralized authority

Accepted Answer

Greater management control  More efficiency  Simpler distribution system  Stronger brand/corporate image

Question 40

what are the disadvantages of centralized authority

Accepted Answer

Less responsiveness to customers  Less empowerment  Interorganizational conflict  Lower morale away from headquarters

Question 41

What are the advantages of decentralized authority

Accepted Answer

Better adaptation go customer wants  More empowerment of workers  Faster decision making  Higher morale

Question 42

what are the disadvantages of decentralized authority

Accepted Answer

Less efficiency  Complex distribution system  Less top-management control   Weakened corporate image

Question 43

when designing responsive organizations firms have to make decisions about several organizational issues:

Accepted Answer

centralization versus decentralization  span of control  tall versus flat organization structures   departmentalization

Question 44

what retailing giant has a very centralized form of management

Accepted Answer

Target it is so top down that the CEO interviews candidates for the top 600 positions

Question 45

McDonalds believes

Accepted Answer

the purchasing promotion and other such decisions are best handled centrally.

Question 46

companies are moving toward catering to what

Accepted Answer

companies are moving toward catering to local markets

Question 47

what two retail stores are implementing decentralized authority

Accepted Answer

JcPenny and Manys also Home depot and lowes

Question 48

why does span of control narrow at higher levels of organization

Accepted Answer

At levels where work is standardized, span of control can be broad. The appropriate span gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face-to-face communication.

Question 49

what is the trend in todays organizations regarding span of control

Accepted Answer

The trend is to expand the span of control by reducing the number of middle managers and hiring more educated and talented lower level employees.

Question 50

Span of control in tall organizational structures

Accepted Answer

In a tall organization there are many levels of management, and span of control is small. (few people reported to each manager)

Question 51

Span of control in flat organizational structures

Accepted Answer

In a flat organization, there are fewer layers of management, and the span of control gets broader. (many people report to each manager)

Question 52

The appropriate span of control gradually

Accepted Answer

narrows at higher levels of the organization

Question 53

why does The appropriate span of control gradually narrows at higher levels of the organization

Accepted Answer

because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face to face communication

Question 54

flat structures can respond readily to customers demands because

Accepted Answer

lower-level employees have authority and responsibility for making decisions and mangers can be spared some day to day tasks

Question 55

what are the advantages of the traditional functional structure

Accepted Answer

a. Skills can be developed in depth and employees can progress as skills are developed.   b. the company can achieve economies of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locate various experts in that area   c. Employees can coordinate work within the function, and top management can easily direct and control various departments\' activities

Question 56

what are the disadvantages of the traditional functional structure

Accepted Answer

a. Lack of communication among departments.  b. Employees identify with the department and not with the corporation as a whole.  c. Response to external change is slow.   d. people may not be trained to take different managerial responsibilities rather they tend to become narrow specialists .   e. People in the same department tend to think alike - groupthink.

Question 57

what are five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing, workers

Accepted Answer

a. Product   b. Function   c. Customer group  d. Geographic location   e. Process

Question 58

groupthink

Accepted Answer

People in the same department tend to think alike

Question 59

five methods of grouping, or departmentalizing workers are

Accepted Answer

product  function  customer group  geographic location

Question 60

The decision about which way to departmentalize depends on

Accepted Answer

the nature of the product and the customers served.

Question 61

such product focused departmentalization usually results in

Accepted Answer

good customer relations

Question 62

A hybrid form of departmentalization is being used when

Accepted Answer

companies use a combination of departmentalization techniques.

Question 63

Four organizational structures are:

Accepted Answer

a. Line organizations   b. Line and staff organizations   c. Matrix-style organizations  d. Cross-functional self-managed teams

Question 64

In a large business, a line organization may have the disadvantages of

Accepted Answer

a. being too inflexible  b. having too few specialists  c. having long lines of communication   d. being unable to handle complex decisions necessary in a large organization.

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