Chapter 8, African Americans Today – Flashcards
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Research has established that
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70% of all violent crimes against Whites are perpetrated by Whites.
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The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups based on test scores is called
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tracking.
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Why do conflict theorists find the higher arrest rate of African Americans to be uprising?
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The group is stereotyped by police and society.
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Blacks are more likely to suffer from _____ than Whites, perhaps due to racial tensions.
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hypertension
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Only _____ percent of all doctorates awarded in 2008 were to African Americans.
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6.1%
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The view that prejudice and discrimination contribute to health care problems is taken by which of the following perspectives?
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conflict
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Which of the following describes a strength of the Black family, according to Robert Hill?
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Compared with working class Whites, they push their children to attend college; churches are often behind grassroots organizations; Black women are often self-reliant
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Black family life has been observed to have all of the following EXCEPT
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a patriarchal structure
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Crimes against African Americans are viewed as less meaningful due to
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victim discounting
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The percent of violent crimes against Whites perpetrated by Whites is
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70%
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According to _____ "Class has become more important than race in determining black life-chances in the modern world."
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William Julius Wilson
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According to a 2003 Harvard University study, _____ Black students attend apartheid schools in the U.S.
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1 in 6
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In general, housing for Blacks
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is of lower quality as measured by plumbing facilities; requires a higher percentage of income than Whites pay; is inferior in quality to White housing at all income levels
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African Americans have
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higher unemployment rates; a greater rate of business failure; lower paying jobs
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Rosie, a Latina student, is signed up for vocational classes beginning in middle school; her counselors steer her toward more vocational classes in high school instead of toward a college preparatory classes. This phenomenon is an example of
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tracking
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Which of the following describes underemployment?
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Jerry received a Master's degree in engineering but worked as a technician when he couldn't find a job as an engineer.
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Reasons identified as contributing to residential segregation in the United States include
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prejudiced policies of some real estate companies; ineffective enforcement of anti-bias legislation; private prejudice by home sellers
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Which of the following statements about segregation in schools is FALSE?
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Brown v. Board of Education eradicated segregation for good.
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Whites being dealt with more leniently than Blacks, whether at the time of the arrest, indictment, conviction, sentencing, or parole, is known as
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differential justice
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Which of the following is typical of African American families?
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strong kinship bonds
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Financial lenders designate minority and racially challenging neighborhoods as poor investments in a practice called
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redlining
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Redlining is the practice in which financial lenders designate
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housing in minority and racially changing neighborhoods as a poor investment
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In the future, African American housing will likely
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be primarily in all-Black neighborhoods
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Data since the 1960's indicate that
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public schools are becoming increasingly segregated by race
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Black sociologist Franklin Frazier viewed members of the Black middle class as
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preoccupied with becoming acceptable to White society
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In 2008, the percentage of jail inmates who were Black was
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39%
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The type of school segregation that results from residential patterns is
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de facto segregation
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Unemployment among young Blacks is high because of
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increased competition from immigrants and illegal aliens; entry of White women into the labor force; depressed economy of the central cities
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The term glass ceiling refers to
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artificial barriers to promoting qualified workers
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Several of the educational inadequacies African American students face today could be addressed
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by better funding
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If you have a job for which you are overqualified, you are
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underemployed
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Attempts to measure crime rates by interviewing ordinary citizens are called
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victimization surveys
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In the interval from 1981-2008, the percentage of doctorates awarded to African Americans
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reflected a modest increase
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The most consistently documented strength of the Black family is the presence of
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an extended family household
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Blacks progress in higher education has been inhibited by
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the negative publicity about affirmative action
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In 2010, the approximate percentage of single mother households among Blacks was
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50%
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Underemployment refers to
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involuntarily working part time; intermittent employment; working at a job for which one is overqualified
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Compared with Whites, Black men have higher death rates from
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cancer; heart disease; stress
