Chapter 7 test – Flashcards
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What are sex chromosomes?
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chromosomes that determine sex of an organism
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What are autosomes?
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Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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How is a carrier different from a person who has a genetic disorder?
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They don't have the disease but they can pass it on.
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What are sex linked genes?
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Genes located on sex chromosomes
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In humans, how does a gamete from a male determine the sex of offspring?
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The male can pass on an X or Y to the offspring.
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For what are genes on the Y chromosome responsible?
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The development of male offspring.
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How are sex-linked genes expressed differently in the phenotypes of males and females?
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All of the genes on each chromosome will be expressed in a male. In females two copies of each gene can affect phenotype.
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What is X chromosome inactivation?
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A process when one of the two X chromosomes is randomly "turned off."
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How is incomplete dominance different from a dominant and recessive relationship?
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Neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive.
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How is codominance different from a dominant and recessive relationship?
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The traits are fully and separately expressed.
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What is a multiple-allele trait?
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It is polygenic traits.
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Why is genotype not the only factor that affects phenotype?
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The environment also affects phenotype.
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What is epistasis?
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An epistatic gene is a gene that can affect the expression of all of the other genes that affect a trait.
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How does genetic inheritance follow similar patterns in all sexually reproducing organisms?
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Phenotypes are often the result of varying degrees of dominance, several genes, multiple alleles, or sex-linked genes.
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Who can be carriers of autosomal genes?
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Females
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What is a pedigree?
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A chart used to trace phenotypes and genotypes in a family.
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What are the two methods that are used to directly study human chromosomes?
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Pedigree and Karyotype.
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What is a Karyotype?
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Pictures of all of a person's chromosomes that can show any large changes in the chromosomes.
