Chapter 7- Nationalism and Sectionalism
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Turnpike
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A road that requires users to pay a toll.
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National Road
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A road built by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois.
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Erie Canal
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A canal that was completed in 1825 that connected lake Erie to the Hudson River.
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Samuel Slater
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A British skilled worker that refused to obey the law that banned the export of machinery and emigration of workers with knowledge of the technology. He then moved to the United States and invented the nation's first water-powered textile mill in 1793.
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Francis Cabot Lowell
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A Boston merchant that developed the organization, the Boston Associates, in 1811. The associates built their first mill and produced a variety of cloths, not just thread.
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Lowell girl
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Young women who worked in the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1800s.
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Interchangeable parts
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Identical components that can be used in place of one another.
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Eli Whitney
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An inventor that introduced the idea of interchangeable parts to the United States.
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Samuel F.B. Morse
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An American inventor who invented the electric telegraph, which allowed electric pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals using dots and dashes.
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What were the main advances in transportation between 1800 and 1860? How did these advances affect the American economy?
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Turnpikes, the National Road, Steamboat, Canals, Railroads They lowered the cost of transportation and made traveling quicker and easier.
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How and where were the first textile mills in the U.S. founded?
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Samuel Slater invented the first textile mill by using his detailed knowledge of textile machinery from Britain. It was made in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
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How did the factory system change the way people worked and the goods that they bought?
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It produced goods faster, efficiently, and in mass quantities by machinery, making the job easier and less skilled. This lowered the price of the goods since they weren't as rare and not as hard to make.
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Why were interchangeable parts and telegraph such important inventions?
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Interchangeable parts made it possible to make an efficient production of a wide range of manufactured goods. The telegraph improved communication and socially effected the United States. By 1860, the nation had 50,000 miles of telegraph lines.
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Tariff of 1816
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A protective tariff that was established by the Congress to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the United States.
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Capital
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Money or wealth used to invest in a business or enterprise.
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Labor union
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An organization of workers.
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Nativist
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A person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants.
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Cotton gin
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A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that was used to separate the cotton fiber from its hard shell.
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How did the Tariff of 1816 contribute to the spread of industrialization? Why did industrialization primarily happen in New England?
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The raised prices on imported goods increased the need for American products, which meant the factories needed to make more goods and quickly. This led to the use of factories with machinery that allowed mass production of goods. Most of the new factories were rising in New England rather than the south. One main reason is because there was greater access to capital. The northeast had more cheap labor to work in factories. New England also had many rivers to provide water power for the factories. The south's economy mainly relied on agriculture, which is the reason for the want of slaves in the south.
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How did industrialization change the experiences of working people?
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Many immigrants began coming to the United States in search of cheap labor to work in factories. It didn't require much skill to work there. Also, since machinery began being used on farms, less farmers were needed. Many travelled to the city in hopes of working city jobs. Also because of industrialization, a middle class also emerged. This is where men helped manage businesses such as bankers, lawyers, accountants, clerks, auctioneers, brokers, and retailers.
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Nationalism
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Loyalty and devotion to one's nation; putting your country before your state.
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Henry Clay
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A leading advocate for nationalism; founded the American system
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American system
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Henry Clay's
