Chapter 7 Biochemistry – Flashcards
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To possess optical activity, a compound must be: A) a carbohydrate. B) a hexose. C) asymmetric. D) colored. E) D-glucose.
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C) asymmetric.
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Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose? A) erythrose B) fructose C) glucose D) glyceraldehyde E) ribose
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B) fructose
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The reference compound for naming D and L isomers of sugars is: A) fructose. B) glucose. C) glyceraldehyde. D) ribose. E) sucrose.
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C) glyceraldehyde.
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When two carbohydrates are epimers: A) one is a pyranose, the other a furanose. B) one is an aldose, the other a ketose. C) they differ in length by one carbon. D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom. E) they rotate plane-polarized light in the same direction.
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D) they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom.
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Which of the following is an epimeric pair? A) D-glucose and D-glucosamine B) D-glucose and D-mannose C) D-glucose and L-glucose D) D-lactose and D-sucrose E) L-mannose and L-fructose
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B) D-glucose and D-mannose
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Which of following is an anomeric pair? A) D-glucose and D-fructose B) D-glucose and L-fructose C) D-glucose and L-glucose D) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-L-glucose
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D) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose
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When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is a(n): A) anhydride. B) glycoside. C) hemiacetal. D) lactone. E) oligosaccharide.
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C) hemiacetal.
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Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation? A) D-glucose and D-fructose B) D-glucose and D-galactose C) D-glucose and D-glucosamine D) D-glucose and L-glucose E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose
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E) alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose
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Which of the following is not a reducing sugar? A) Fructose B) Glucose C) Glyceraldehyde D) Ribose E) Sucrose
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E) Sucrose
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Which of the following monosaccharides is not a carboxylic acid? A) 6-phospho-gluconate B) gluconate C) glucose D) glucuronate E) muramic acid
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C) glucose
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D-Glucose is called a reducing sugar because it undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction at the anomeric carbon. One of the products of this reaction is: A) D-galactose. B) D-gluconate. C) D-glucuronate. D) D-ribose. E) muramic acid.
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B) D-gluconate.
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Hemoglobin glycation is a process where_______ is _________ attached to hemoglobin. A) glycerol; covalently B) glucose; enzymatically C) glucose; non-enzymatically D) N-acetyl-galactosamine; enzymatically E) galactose; non-enzymatically
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C) glucose; non-enzymatically
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From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal(beta1 --> 4)Glc, we know that: A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond. B) the compound is a D-enantiomer. C) the galactose residue is at the reducing end. D) the glucose is in its pyranose form. E) the glucose residue is the beta anomer.
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A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond.
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Starch and glycogen are both polymers of: A) fructose. B) glucose1-phosphate. C) sucrose. D) alpha-D-glucose. E) beta-D-glucose.
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D) alpha-D-glucose.
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Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (alpha1--> 6) branches. B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. D) Both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules. E) Glycogen is more extensively branched than starch.
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C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls.
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Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide? A) Cellulose B) Chitin C) Glycogen D) Hyaluronate E) Starch
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D) Hyaluronate
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The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a: A) glycolipid. B) glycosaminoglycan. C) lectin. D) lipopolysaccharide. E) peptidoglycan.
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B) glycosaminoglycan.
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In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues: A) asparagine, serine, or threonine. B) aspartate or glutamate. C) glutamine or arginine. D) glycine, alanine, or aspartate. E) tryptophan, aspartate, or cysteine.
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A) asparagine, serine, or threonine.
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Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria? A) Amylose B) Cellulose C) Glycoproteins D) Lipopolysaccharides E) Lipoproteins
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D) Lipopolysaccharides
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The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to: A) amphipathic molecules. B) hydrophobic molecules. C) specific lipids. D) specific oligosaccharides. E) specific peptides.
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D) specific oligosaccharides.
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Why is it surprising that the side chains of tryptophan residues in proteins can interact with lectins? A) because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophilic and lectins are hydrophobic. B) because the side chain of tryptophan is (-) charged and lectins are generally (+) charged or neutral. C) because the side chain of tryptophan can make hydrogen bonds and lectins cannot. D) because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophobic and lectins are generally hydrophilic. E) none of the above.
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D) because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophobic and lectins are generally hydrophilic.
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Which of the following does not contain a glucosamine? A) Syndecans B) Glypicans C) Chitin D) Amylopectin E) Chondrotin
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D) Amylopectin
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glycogen
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carbohydrate storage in animal liver
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starch
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carbohydrate storage in plants
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trehalose
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transport/storage in insects
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chitin
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exoskeleton of insects
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cellulose
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structural component of plant cell walls
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peptidoglycan
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structural component of bacterial cell wall
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hyaluronate
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viscosity, lubrication of extracellular secretions
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proteoglycan
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extracellular matrix of animal tissues
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lectins
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proteins that bind to specific oligosaccharides
