Chapter 7 Audio: Music and Talk Across America
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1877
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date of when Edison invents the phonograph, records sound on foil cylinders
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1888
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date of when Emile Berliner develops gramophone, plays music on mass produced basis
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1935
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date of when Hi-Fi becomes a combination of technologies to create better music reproduction
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1844
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date of when Samuel More's telegraph allowed messaged to be sent over wires
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1809s
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approx. date of when Guglielmo Marconi develops the wireless telegraph
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1905
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date of when Reginald Fessenden makes Christmas Eve broadcast with voices and music
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More's first telegram
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this marked the beginning of the telecommunications revolution
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Radio Music Box Memo
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written in 1915 by American Marconi engineer David Sarnoff; suggested major uses for radio as mass communication tool including news music and sports; more receivers than transmitters
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RCA Monopoly
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created to bring together patents, develop radio as a medium; composed of general electric, AT&T, Westinghouse, & United Fruit Company
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United Fruit Company
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held many radio patents to communicate with ships carrying fruit
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1920
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date of when KDKA in Pittsburgh launched as the first commercial radio station
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growth of radio networks
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Sarnoff saw NBC as a source of programming; William Paley saw CBS as advertising medium; ABC was splintered off from NBC
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Golden age of radio
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period of time for music, dramas like Little Orphan Annie, The Lone Ranger, The Shadow; soap operas including Guiding Light which started on radio in 1937 then moved to television in 1952, ran until 2009
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BBC
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created as a public service in the 1920s; during WWII it was international voice against Nazis, transmitting around the world on shortwave; currently reaches 95% of the world's population, uses internet as well as FM, shortwave, and satellite
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The Changing Musical Experience
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death of social music; rise of the personal soundtrack with \"Sony Walkman\", followed by iPod and other MP3 players; can lead to \"withdrawal from social connections\"
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Rock 'n' Roll Musical Integration
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rhythm & blues, hillbilly music, rock 'n' roll
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1950s
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approx. date of Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry
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Dewey Phillips
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attracted multi-racial audiences for Red, Hot & Blue radio show
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1950s & 60s
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approx. date for Motown
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Motown Records
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put together a number of African American girl groups; promoted desegregation
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British Invasion
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a rougher sound from British bands; The Beatles, The who, The Rolling Stones, Dusty Springfield, etc.
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MCing
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rapping over recorded music
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DJing
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playing recorded music from multiple sources
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B-boying
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hip-hop dancing also referred to as breakdancing
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Graffiti art
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the visual images of the hip-hop culture
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country music
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pop music for adults; grew out of folk, hillbilly, and \"old timey' music; revitalized in 1980 by move \"Urban Cowboy\"
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consequences of digital music
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consumers \"share\" music over the internet, violation copyright law; artists can use the internet to promote music directly to customers, bypassing record labels
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Spanish-language broadcasting
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as of 2009 1300+ stations broadcasting in Spanish; growing in popularity; multiple formats, including ESPN (lots of soccer)
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political talk radio
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most political talk is conservative; Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity most popular
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Shock Jocks
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Howard Stern, Opie and Anthony, Bubba the Love Sponge
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All-sports radio
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passionate listeners attractive to advertisers
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Telecommunications Act of 1996
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this largely deregulated broadcast ownership; prior to 1985 could own no more than 7 AM & 7 FM stations nation-wide; after 1996 broadcasters could own unlimited number of radio stations
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Clear Channel Radio
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changed to iHeartMedia in 2014; 850 stations; highlight streaming audio business with its legacy radio stations
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1967
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date of when NPR was founded
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1971
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date of when All Things Considered goes on the air
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Morning Edition
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NPR's news show with the biggest audience of any of the morning TV programs
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future of radio
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HD trying to bring new life to broadcast radio, but fewer receivers; satellite radio--XM & Sirius merge
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streaming radio
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streaming talk and music over the internet
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podcasting
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downloading programs to take with you on your MPS player
