Chapter 7 Assessment and Documentation for Optimal Care – Flashcards

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Assessment of Older Adults?
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-Is more complex -Is more detailed -Is longer to perform
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What is some data that is collected?
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Biological, Psychosocial, and functional information
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What are some freq problems to address in an assessment?
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-Sexual Fx -Depression -Incontinence -Alcoholism -Hearing Loss -Oral Health -Environmental safety
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What are some special considerations when assessing an older adult?
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-Listen patiently -Allow for pauses -Ask questions not often asked -know normal changes
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What are some Data collection approaches?
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-Self-rapport -Report-by-proxy -Observation
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What are some guidelines for an assessment of the older adult?
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-Conduct at a time when the client is at his or her best - Avoid biasing the response -Explore more only if necessary
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How is health hx collected?
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Face to face approach with the client or a review of the client's written hx
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What does the health hx include?
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-Medical Hx -ROS -Med Hx -Nutritional Hx -Factors that influence the person's quality of life
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Physical Assessment?
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-Time consuming -Begins the moment the nurse sees the person -Perform a problem assessment first because of the length of time it takes to conduct an assessment
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What does FANCAPES stand for?
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Fluids Aeration Nutrition Communication Activity Pain Elimination Socialization
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Fluids
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State of hydration
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Aeration
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Respiratory fx
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Nutrition
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Type and amount of food consumed
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Communication
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Adequate ability to communicate his or her needs
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Activity
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Ability to meet basic needs of toileting, grooming, and meal preparation
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Pain
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Physical, psychological, or spiritual pain
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Elimination
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Difficulty with bladder or bowel elimination
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Socialization
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Ability to give and recieve love and freindship
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Mental Status Assessment
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-An increase in chronological age has resulted in an increased rate of dementing illness -Assess cog and mood
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Fulmer SPICES
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These conditions provide a snapshot of a patient's overall health and the quality of care based on six "marker" conditions or "geriatric vital signs". It is an overview of a patient's response to the care given and point to the need for a more detailed assessment when necessary. It is an alert system and refers to only the most frequently-occurring health problems of older adults. S is for Sleep Disorders P is for Problems with Bathing or Feeding, I Incontinence C is for Confusion E is for Evidence of Falls S is for Skin Breakdown
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What are some Cog assessment tools?
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Mini-Mental State Examination -Clock Drawing Test -The Mini-Cog
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What are some Mood assessment tools?
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Geriatric Depression Scale
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What does the functional status of the client include?
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-Identifying areas where help is needed -Assisting in the determination of a need
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What would you record if the client is healthy and active?
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"The client is active and independent and denies functional difficulties?"
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What are ADLs?
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Activities of Daily Living
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Some examples of ADLs?
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Eating Toileting Ambulation Bathing Dressing Grooming
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What are examples of instrumental activities of daily living?
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House Cleaning Shopping Managing Money
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What are some tools to assess ADLs?
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-Katz Index -Barthel Index -Functional Index Measure
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What are the goals for Nurses?
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-Promote healthy aging -Collect data and organize data -Each tool has strengths and weaknesses
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Home Care Documentation?
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OASIS include pertinent information personalizing the care provided
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Nursing Implications of documentation?
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-Several Forms off documentation are available -Know the institution documentation preference
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1.Which option is not a primary reason that documentation is important? a. Documentation enables the team to provide care to meet a resident's individual needs. b. Documentation helps defend the nurse in the event of a possible lawsuit. c. Documentation enables a patient to receive consistent care from one shift to the next. d. Documentation is the basis for reimbursement to the facility.
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ANS: B Although providing a defense in the event of a possible lawsuit should not be the primary motive for the nurse to keep accurate and thorough documentation, doing so is the best defense in the event of legal action against anyone involved in a patient's care. Enabling the team to provide care that meets individual needs is a primary reason; documentation is necessary to ensure that the team has accurate and complete information about the resident's specific conditions. Enabling the patient to receive consistent care is a primary reason; documentation enables nurses on later shifts to be aware of conditions that have developed and the actions that have been taken on previous shifts. Providing the basis for reimbursement is a primary reason; the use of standard documentation in applying for reimbursement is a matter of law.
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2. What is a SOAP note? a. Record of supplies used in patient hygiene b. Record of an event during a patient's stay, formatted according to the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), enabling it to be easily transmitted between computers c. Form of bar code d. Record of patient data listing the patient's subjective complaint, objective data recorded by the nurse, the nurse's assessment of the situation, and the nurse's plan of action
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ANS: D SOAP stands for subjective (patient complaint), objective (observed data), assessment, and plan. A SOAP note is a record of an event in which a patient makes a subjective complaint and the nurse observes objective data, makes an assessment on the basis of the complaint and the data, and makes a plan for interventions based on the assessment. A SOAP note is a record in human language describing a problem, its assessment, and planned interventions.
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: 3. Which of the following is a true statement about documentation? a. Nurses should keep records of patients' wishes. b. Patients do not have access to their own medical records. c. The Outcomes and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) is a complete record of the health status of a patient. d. The nurse is responsible for completing all of the Minimum Data Set (MDS).
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ANS: A Entering patients' expressed wishes in the medical or clinical record helps ensure that the interdisciplinary team respects these wishes. According to regulations after the enactment of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the patient has access to his or her own medical records and may designate others to have access. The OASIS is used to measure outcomes for quality improvement purposes; it does not contain all of the necessary information for care, such as vital signs. The MDS should be completed jointly by all members of the interdisciplinary team.
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: 4. Which one of the following is connected with the nursing home reform mandated by a 1987 law? a. Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) b. HIPAA c. OASIS d. Fulmer SPICES
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ANS: A The RAI must be completed for all residents receiving Medicare or Medicaid. The HIPAA was passed in 1996 and mandates privacy practices. The OASIS is an assessment designed for use in the home health care setting. Fulmer SPICES is an overall assessment tool developed in 2007.
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: 5. An older woman has diabetes mellitus and requires hemodialysis for renal failure. She is discharged to home to recover from a sternal wound infection and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). A home care nurse will provide wound care. Which of the following is the major justification for the complete and accurate documentation of this older adult's care? a. Requires complex health care b. Has needs in multiple settings c. Is at risk for iatrogenic problems d. Has significant health care expenses
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ANS: A The major reason that documentation of this patient's health care must be accurate and complete is that she has complex health care needs in multiple settings and experiences a high risk for iatrogenic problems and high reimbursement expenses. The duration of her care is likely to be lengthy; the sternal wound infection after CABG is serious because of the potential for sternal osteomyelitis. In addition, individuals with diabetes are at high risk for infection and are slow to heal. The complexity of her care includes receiving care in multiple settings—at home, at dialysis, and in primary care for postdischarge follow-up care. For an older adult with diabetes, coronary artery disease, renal failure, and a serious infection, each facet of her health care depends on complete and accurate data on the other aspects of her care to help her achieve optimal health and wellness. This older adult is at risk for iatrogenic problems because of the complexity of her care. Each type of care, each illness or condition, and each setting exposes this older adult to a separate set of risks. In addition, individuals with diabetes can have peripheral neuropathies that increase the risk for falls and injuries. This older adult incurs health care expenses dealing with complex health care requirements including a recent hospital stay for surgery and complicated by an infection, ongoing needs for hemodialysis, and home care. Because much of the care is nurse driven, documentation is the basis for which reimbursement is provided.
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: 6. The nurse scans an older man's identification band in preparation for medication administration. Which step should the nurse implement next? a. Ask the patient to state his name. b. Check for allergies to the medication. c. Document the medication as given. d. Administer the patient's medication.
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ANS: A The nurse verifies the patient's identify to avoid computer errors before proceeding with administering the medication. Although computers were introduced to reduce documentation errors, verification of computer information is safe, effective nursing care. Checking for allergies is a reasonable nursing action; however, if a computer error misidentified the patient, then checking allergies of the wrong person can result in misidentification and serious adverse effects for this older adult. The nurse avoids documenting the medication as given until after the patient takes or receives the medication. The nurse avoids administering the medication until after verifying the patient identity a second time for safety. Further, regulatory agencies can require multiple forms of patient identification.
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: 7. Which of the following does the nurse use to categorize the desired end result of nursing care delivered to a patient when using problem-oriented nurses' notes? a. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) nursing diagnosis b. Nursing Goals Classification c. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) d. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
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ANS: C NOC helps the nurse categorize the desired end-result of nursing care with specific, measurable, patient-oriented, and time-sensitive endpoints for the patient to achieve. A nursing diagnosis from NANDA identifies the patient problem and the associated nursing interventions and outcomes for the problem. Nursing goals classification does not exist. NIC is a set of nursing interventions whose basis is found in evidence-based nursing and is associated with a specific nursing diagnosis.
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: 8. Which documentation tool does the nurse use to achieve optimal functional status for a nursing home resident? a. Narrative patient progress notes b. Problem-oriented documentation c. Resource Utilization Group (RUG) d. Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI)
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ANS: D Mandated by the federal government to improve the quality of care for nursing home residents, the nurse uses the RAI to help residents in nursing homes achieve optimal functional status. The RAI includes identification of issues with the MDS, a comprehensive assessment from Resident Assessment Protocols (RAPs), and the foundation for reimbursement using the RUG. Narrative progress notes are used in nursing homes to describe events that are unsuitable for other forms of documentation in the medical record. Problem-oriented documentation identifies resident problems, the plan of care to resolve the problem, and the outcome of the problem or response to treatment. The RUG is the reimbursement tool in the RAI.
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: 9. Using the RAI, the nurse identifies a trigger for a male nursing home resident who requires an indwelling urinary catheter from the MDS. Which should the nurse do next? a. Develop an individualized care plan. b. Assign suitable nursing interventions. c. Use the RAPs. d. Institute agency-approved catheter care.
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ANS: C The nurse uses the RAPs to assess triggers identified from the MDS. To help the resident achieve optimal functional status by determining his strengths, needs, and preferences, RAPs provide an organized framework used by the health care team for additional assessment of the trigger. The nurse develops the care plan after completing the RAPs. The nurse assigns suitable nursing interventions to the plan of care. The nurse uses agency-approved policies to provide care as assigned in the plan of care.
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: 10. The federal government requires the use of a specific standardized documentation tool for home nursing care. Which information must a home nurse add to the approved documentation tool? a. Activity c. Functional b. Vital signs d. Demographic
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ANS: B The nurse must add the vital signs and information about the older adult's health care beliefs to the OASIS. The nurse does not need to add information about the older adult's activity level. The nurse does not need to add information about the older adult's functional status. The nurse does not need to add demographic information about the older adult to the documentation tool.
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: 11. The nurse must inform an older adult who does not speak English about patient rights. In addition, the nurse must have the adult sign the document about information access. Which intervention should the nurse use to maintain the confidentiality of this older adult? a. Present the patient with a Spanish version of the information access document. b. Have an English-speaking family member explain the document to the patient. c. Explain the document to the patient using an interpreter to ensure understanding. d. Instruct an interpreter to read the information access document to the resident privately.
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ANS: C To ensure patient understanding, the nurse explains a patient's rights about information access to the patient with the assistance of an interpreter. The nurse is responsible for patient understanding and thus cannot relinquish this task to another person. When understanding is reached concerning the rights associated with access to information, the patient can then make an informed decision about releasing health care information and thus maintain privacy. The nurse cannot ensure patient understanding without discussing the document with the patient using an interpreter. The nurse cannot delegate a nursing responsibility to a family member; the nurse does not have the right to release the health information to anyone. In private or public, the nurse cannot delegate this task to another person.
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1. The same nursing documentation record is used in every unit of a hospital. Why does a hospital use a standardized form for nursing documentation? (Select all that apply.) a. Helps provide continuity of care b. Standardizes patient care parameters c. Assists in maintaining confidentiality d. Reduces the number of medication errors e. Provides the foundation for staffing levels f. Allows for quality evaluations among units
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ANS: A, B, E, F An institution uses the same nursing documentation record because it helps provide continuity of care across various settings by providing organized, pertinent, and thorough health care data on a specific individual. Other units in the hospital and other health care settings have an easier time locating relevant data. Specific health care data are found in one location on a standardized nursing documentation record throughout an institution and provide the basis for standardized patient evaluation across settings. Standardized documents help describe patient acuity levels and thus provide a justification for staffing. Because the same parameters are, or should be, recorded across all units, the standardized documentation record allows for hospital-wide quality evaluations. Nurses must restrict access to a standardized documentation record or any other type of patient record such as laboratory reports, narrative or progress notes, and other documents. A standardized nursing documentation record can reduce a specific type of documentation error but is unlikely to affect the rate of medication errors.
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: 2. The OASIS was implemented to provide the format for a comprehensive assessment in the home health care setting. How is this assessment tool used? (Select all that apply.) a. To improve the quality of care b. To improve the communication about the individual c. To serve as a guide for reimbursement d. To evaluate the level of patient disability
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ANS: A, B, C The OASIS was implemented to provide the format for a comprehensive assessment, which forms the basis for planning care and measuring patient outcomes-based quality improvement (OBQI) (CMS, 2011). As with all other documentation systems, OASIS is used to improve both the quality of care and the communication about the individual and serve as a guide for reimbursement. The OASIS assessment does not evaluate the level of patient disability; however, a portion of the assessment addresses the functional capabilities of the patient to perform activities of daily living.
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:3. Which mental status assessment tool(s) would be appropriate for use in long-term care facilities? (Select all that apply.) a. Fulmer SPICES b. Clock Drawing Test c. The Mini-Cog d. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
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ANS: B, C, D The Clock Drawing Test, which has been used since 1992, is a screening tool that helps identify those with a cognitive impairment and is used as a measure of severity. The Mini-Cog was developed as a tool that could establish cognitive status more quickly than the MMSE and the limitations of educational adjustments. It is now the recommended evidenced-based tool and combines one aspect of the MMSE (short-term memory recall) with the test of executive function of the Clock Drawing Test. It has been found to be highly sensitive to diagnosing dementia. The MMSE tool has been used most often and is a 30-item instrument that has been used to screen for cognitive difficulties and is one of the tools often used in determining a diagnosis of dementia or delirium. Fulmer SPICES is an overall assessment tool developed in 2007.
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