question

David Rindos argues that plant domestication came about because

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There were natural selection effects on the plants based on unconscious activities of people in eating and propagating the plants

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According to Bruce Smith, the ancestors of domesticated seed plants were

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weedy generalists that thrived in disturbed environments.

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To be dispersed successfully in its wild state, wheat requires

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a brittle rachis

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Compared with wild wheat, domesticated wheat

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Is better tastings, has a larger seed head, and has six rows of kernels rather than two.

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What are the four evidences for animal domestication?

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1. Abrupt population increase of some species relative to others 2. Morphological changes in animal populations 3. Remains of juvenile animals at a site. 4. Presence

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Why is the discovery of remains of many immature male herd animals at a site taken as evidence of human involvement with a herd?

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Hunters hill animals they find; they do not go out of their way to kill only young males. And only a small number of males are required for reproduction in a managed herd.

question

The earliest evidence for goat herding dates to about

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11,000 years ago

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The stage in human-animal relationships that is characterized by selective hunting of herds is called

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controlled hunting

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In which stage in human-animal relationships do people begin to control the movements of a herd?

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Loose Herding

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Richard Meadow argues that herding represents a complete change in human attitudes toward and relationships with animals. Why?

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The focus shifts from the hunted animal to their offspring.

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What are the theories for the cause of domestication?

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Broad spectrum foraging; Climatic changes; Population pressures

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A population is living off a secure subsistence base, eating plants and animals caught by hunting, fishing, and gathering. The population expands, and as it does, it puts pressure on the resource base, forcing people to eat \"third-choice\" foods, especially grains. They discovered that the grain responded to human efforts to increase yields, and they came to rely increasingly on it. This scenario would fit best with which of the following theories of agricultural development?

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Broad-spectrum foraging

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A modern multiple-strand theory of domestication includes the local effects of

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Climate, environment, social organization, technology, and population and diet

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The first evidence of the cultural tradition called the Natufian is found at about how many years before the present?

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12,500

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What evidence is there that the Natufians lived in relatively permanent settlements?

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1. Bones of young gazelles and migratory birds at the sites 2. Permanent buildings at settlement sites 3. Cemeteries

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The evidence form Natufian burials leads scholars like Donald Henry to conclude that

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There was unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige in Nautfian society

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How did the Natufians respond to the changes in the resources they depended on?

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Some began to keep cereal plants growing in areas that were no longer ideal. Some returned to a nomadic foraging way of life.

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The appearance of domesticated plants is taken to be the end of one great cultural period and the beginning of another. The period that ENDS with the beginning of domestication is called the

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Paleolithic

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What was one of the first crops domesticated in SW Asia?

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Barely

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The culture in which the agriculture subsistence strategy expanded rapidly was the

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PPNB (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B)

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In Mesoamerica, which of the following appeared together?

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Squash and Maize

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Archaleologists are coming to agree that domestication was everywhere invented by

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complex foragers living in areas of relatively abundant resources.

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As cited in the text, Zeder and Smith argue that people

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Tried a variety of different plants and animals to see which could be useful domesticated resources and were actively and deliberately shaping adaptive niches

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What was a consequence of domestication?

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Decline in quality of diet, Reliance on smaller number of plants, Environmental degradation

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Following Polanyi, Rhonda Halperin connects locational movements or \"changes of place\" which

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Ecological relationships

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Following Polanyi, Rhonda Halperin connects appropriational movements or \"changes of hands\" with

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Economic relationships

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Which of the following is archaeological evidence for social complexity?

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Monumental architecture

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What are some forms of monumental architecture?

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Palace, Royal tomb, Temple

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Archaeologists digging at a site in southwest Asia find a series of burials that differ in size, construction, and the quantity of objects found in each. The archaeologist might conclude that the society responsible for the burial was

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Stratified

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Michael Hoffman suggested that the massive expenditure of resources by early elites on luxury goods was a

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way of demonstrating the superior power of the rulers

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What categories of human societies do archaeologists ordinarily assign assemblages?

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Band, State, Tribe (NOT VILLAGE)

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The characteristic form of social organization among forages is the

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band

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In bands, labor is usually divided by

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age and gender

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The term \"transegalitarian society\" is

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A substitute for \"rank society\", a sub for \"tribe\", and designed to describe all societies that are neither egalitarians nor stratified.

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In a rank society , a chief is given greater

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prestige than other people, but not greater power or wealth

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A society in which one person and his relatives have privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige is called a

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Chiefdom

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What are the characteristics of a state?

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A stratified society, possesses a territory, institutions to collect taxes

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When archaeologists find unique styles in architecture, pottery, textiles, and other artifacts distributed uniformly over a wide area, they call this a

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cultural horizon

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Objects buried with a corpse are known as

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grave goods

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Sherds are pieces of broken

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pots

Chapter 7 Anthro questions

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