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The Anti-Federalists

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worried about the rights of individuals.

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T/F The issue in Shays's Rebellion in western Massachusetts was protection for farmers against Indian attacks.

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False

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T/F New York City was selected as the first capital city of the United States.

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False

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All the following were leading Anti-Federalists except A.Samuel Adams .B.James Wilson. C.Patrick Henry. D.George Mason.

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C.Patrick Henry.

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T/O American exports never returned to their pre-revolution levels under the Confederation.

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False

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\"The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants,\" said

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Thomas Jefferson.

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A major diplomatic problem with Spain was

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the right of the United States to navigate to the mouth of the Mississippi River.

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In The Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that

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a republic would work especially well in the large, diverse country.

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Under the Confederation, Americans disagreed with the British over

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forts along the Canadian border.

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T/F The Constitution set a provision that allowed the American government to end its involvement in the international slave trade in 1800.

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False

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T/F The central figure at the Constitutional Convention was John Adams.

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False

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The Newburgh Conspiracy threatened a coup d'état unless

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the states yielded more power to Congress.

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The Constitutional Convention required that the Constitution be ratified by

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nine state conventions.

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To strengthen the government under the Articles of Confederation, Robert Morris wanted to

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enlarge the national debt.

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The greatest weakness of the Articles of Confederation was

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the requirement of unanimous state approval for amendments.

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T/F The Northwest Ordinance treated the western lands just like imperial nations treated colonies.

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False

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T/F The Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention called for three separate branches of government.

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True

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T/F The word \"slavery\" does not appear anywhere in the Constitution of 1787.

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True

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At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan proposed a legislature

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with equal representation for each state

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T/F The most influential figure in the Confederation government was Robert Morris.

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True

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The most divisive issue in state politics in the 1780s involved

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the need for paper money.

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T/F The \"Great Compromise\" at the Constitutional Convention was over representation in the new Congress.

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True

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T/F The authors of The Federalist were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Clinton.

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False

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T/F The rectangular pattern of land in much of the United States derives from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

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False

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T/F Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution were called Federalists.

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False

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The Treaty of Fort Stanwix of 1784

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forced the Iroquois to cede lands in western New York and Pennsylvania.

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T/F George Washington led the Newburgh Conspiracy until he realized it would fail.

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False

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What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do for the area north of the Ohio River?

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set the process for admitting new states to the union

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T/F The office of president in the Constitution was given less power and authority than most state governors exercised.

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False

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The Constitutional Convention dealt with slavery by

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counting three fifths of the slaves in apportioning representation to the House of Representatives.

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Robert Morris (1734-1806)

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He was the superintendent of finance for the Congress of the Confederation during the final years of the Revolutionary War. He envisioned a national finance plan of taxation and debt management, but the states did not approve the necessary amendments to the Articles of Confederation need to implement the plan. (page 256)

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Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804)

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His belief in a strong federal government led him to become a contributor to The Federalist and leader of the Federalists. As the first secretary of the Treasury, he laid the foundation for American capitalism through his creation of a federal budget, funded debt, a federal tax system, a national bank, a customs service, and a coast guard. His \"Reports on Public Credit\" and \"Reports on Manufactures\" outlined his vision for economic development and government finances in America. He died in a duel against Aaron Burr. (page 257)

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Northwest Ordinance

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Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery. (page 259)

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Shay's Rebellion

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Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shays and 1,200 compatriots, seeking debt relief through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, stormed the federal arsenal at Springfield in the winter of 1787 but were quickly repulsed. (page 266)

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James Madison (1751-1836)

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He participated in the Constitutional Convention during which he proposed the Virginia Plan. He believed in a strong federal government and was a leader of the Federalists and a contributor to The Federalist. However, he also presented to Congress the Bill of Rights and drafted the Virginia Resolutions. As the secretary of state, he withheld a commission for William Marbury, which led to the landmark Marbury v. Madison decision. During his presidency, he declared war on Britain in response to violations of American shipping rights, which started the War of 1812. (page 269)

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Virginia Plan

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The delegations to the Constitutional Convention were divided between two plans on how to structure the government: Virginia called for a strong central government and a two-house legislature apportioned by population. (page 270)

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New Jersey Plan

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The delegations to the Constitutional Convention were divided between two plans on how to structure the government: New Jersey wanted one legislative body with equal representation for each state. (page 270)

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separation of powers

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The powers of government are split between three separate branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) who check and balance each other. (page 273)

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Federalists

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Proponents of a centralized federal system and the ratification of the Constitution. Most Federalists were relatively young, educated men who supported a broad interpretation of the Constitution whenever national interest dictated such flexibility. Notable Federalists included Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. (page 276)

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anti-Federalists

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Forerunners of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party; opposed the Constitution as a limitation on individual and states' rights, which led to the addition of a Bill of Rights to the document. (page 276)

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Bill of Rights

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First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1791 to guarantee individual rights and to help secure ratification of the Constitution by the states. (page 277)

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The Federalist

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Collection of eighty-five essays that appeared in the New York press in 1787-1788 in support of the Constitution; written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay but published under the pseudonym \"Publius.'' (page 277)

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Northwest Ordinance outlines a detailed plan for organizing western territories

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1787

question

Treaty of Fort Stanwix forces the Iroquois to give up land in New York and Pennsylvania

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1784

question

Selegates decide to call for a constitutional convention

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1786

question

Land Ordinance outlines a plan for surveying and selling government land

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1785

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Shays's Rebellion

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1786-1787

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Articles of Confederation take effect

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1781

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Rhode Island becomes the last state to ratify the Constitution

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1790

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General Washington puts an end to the Newburgh Conspiracy

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1783

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Confederation government is phase out

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1788

question

the Federalist papers are published

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1787-1788

question

The constitutional convention is held in Philadelphia

answer

1787

Chapter 6: Shaping A Federal Union

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