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Adjustment disorder

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A persistent state of emotional or physical distress triggered by a major life event or situation,such as the death of a loved one, interpersonal conflict, divorce, financial problems, or loss of employment.

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Affect

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One's prevailing mood or emotional state, pleasant or unpleasant, particularly as perceived by the examiner: basic emotional state, and emotional content of responses to examiner (apathetic, blunted, depressed, elated, euphoric, flat, inappropriate, labile).

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Amesia

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Loss of memory

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aversion therapy

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A form of behavior therapy that associates an objectionable or undesirable pattern of behavior with an unpleasant experience or consequence, so as to reduce or extinguish the behavior.

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behavior (behavioral) therapy

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Any type of psychotherapy that focuses on the alternation or correction of undesirable behavior, including such responses to external stimuli as anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms of emotion ( tachycardia, muscle tension, sweating). Behavioral therapy uses conditioning, muscle relaxation techniques, meditation, breathing retraining, biofeedback, guided learning and other methods.

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client

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The recipient of psychotherapy; a term preferred to "patient: when the therapist is not a physician.

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client-centered therapy

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A form of psychotherapy based on promoting the client's rational understanding of the source of distressing mental symptoms and means of resolving them.

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cognitive therapy

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A form of psychotherapy based on promoting the client's rational understanding of the source of distressing emotions, thought patterns, and undesirable behaviors, and correction of these by adoption of more mature, balanced and realistic attitudes.

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compensation (overcompensation)

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A mechanism by which one covers up a defect or weakness by exaggerating or overdeveloping some other property or faculty.

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confabulation

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invention of stores about one's past, often bizarre and complex, to fill in gaps left by amnesia; a typical feature of Korsakoff syndrome in chronic alcoholics.

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CPT (Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology)

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A format classification of diagnosis and therapeutic procedures producers published by the American Medical Association and revised annually, in which each procedure is assigned a five-digit code. CPT codes are universally used to billing third party payers for medical services.

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cyclothymia

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abnormal lability of mood, which varies between excitement and depression without becoming severe enough to be called bipolar payers for medical services.

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delusion

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A false belief or wrong interpretation of observed facts, sometimes associated with hallucinations. May be categorized as delusions of grandeur (believing that one is a monarch or other celebrity ) or persecution (thinking one is the target of official surveillance or hostile plot).

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denial

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A mechanism by which one refuses to believe, remember or accept an unpleasant fact or circumstance, such as past painful experience or the fact of being ill.

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(DSM) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder

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A description and classification of mental disorders based on objective criteria. Recognized as a diagnostic standard and widely used for reporting, coding and statistical purposes, DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The current (fifth) edition (DSM-V) appeared in 2013. See box, Multiaxial Assessment.

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dysphoria

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A general feeling of mental or emotional discomfort.

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Dysthymia

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A depressed mood, usually chronic or recurrent, that is not severe enough to be called major depression.

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eating disorders

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See anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa under Common Disease.

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encephalopathy

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Any organic disease or damage of the brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, that causes impairment of mental or physical functioning; often due to degenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) or chemical intoxication's (alcohol, lead).

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facies

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Distinctive facial expressions associated with specific medical conditions.

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family therapy

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Psychotherapy that treats the family as a unit and seeks to promote understanding and correction of pathologic attitudes and relationships among members of the unit.

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group therapy

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Psychotherapy administered to several persons at once, making use of sharing of perceptions, experiences, and feelings, group dynamics and mutual understanding and support.

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guilt

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A sense of having done wrong, of having failed to meet one's own or other's expectations or standards, or ob being inferior or inadequate; as used in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, guilt is a distinct concept from moral guilt which arises from deliberate violation of ethical principles or civil law.

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hallucination

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A sensory perception for which no bases exists in fact. Hallucinations may affect any one or more of the five senses (visual auditory, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory); a typical feature of schizophrenia, delirium tremens and some seizure disorders.

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histrionic

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referring to a style of speech and behavior in which the subject acts in an excessively dramatic fashion, as if performing on stage.

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hypnosis

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A technique by which the therapist places the client into a sleeplike trance in which outside stimuli are reduced to a minimum, the subconscious is more directly accessible, and the client is more susceptible to the influence of the therapist's suggestions and advice.

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identification

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A mental process whereby one takes on the properties or actions of another with whom an emotional tie exists ( a boy walking and talking like his father; a woman dressing ad behaving like a movie idol).

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libido

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Sexual desire or drive; often, more generally, the totality of pleasure-directed energy or activity.

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loose associations

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A breakdown of thinking in which logical connections between related concepts are no longer perceived; characteristic of schizophrenia.

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mechanism (also: defense mechanism, ego-defensive mechanism, mental mechanism, unconscious mechanism)

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An automatic, unconscious mental process whereby repressed emotions (painful feelings, sexual urges) generate new beliefs or attitudes to protect the ego from a sense of guilt, inadequacy, or other negative feelings. See: compensation, identification, projection, rationalization, repression, sublimation.

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narcissism

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Extreme self-love; excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own concerns and needs, to the exclusion of normal emotional ties with others.

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neurosis

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A mental disorder in which the patient experiences, and gives evidence of, emotional distress, but remains in touch with reality at all times.

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neurotransmitter

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A normal chemical substance produced in minute quantities by nerve tissue and involved in the transmission of electrical impulses from one nerve cell to another. The effect of a neurotransmitter may be to stimulate or inhibit the nerve cell on which it acts. Well-known neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, epinephrine, gamma-amminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, and serotonin.

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oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

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A pattern of deviant behavior in children and adolescents characterized by recurrent disobedience and displays of anger, resentment, or hostility toward authority figures, particularly parents. Diagnostic criteria listed in DSM include persistence for at least six months and resulting significant distress for family or interference with academic or social functioning.

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oriented in all spheres

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A standard phrase indicating that the subject is aware of: time (date, day of week, season), person (identity of self and others), place (state, city, address), and situation (at home, at a relative's home, in a hospital).

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paranoia

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An abnormal mental state characterized by delusions, especially delusions of persecution.

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pharmacotherapy

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Treatment of disease with drugs as contrasted with methods such as counseling, diet and surgery.

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play therapy

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A form of psychotherapy used with children, in which structured or unstructured play settings with dolls and other toys enable the therapist to identify and correct false or unhealthy attitudes and behavior patterns.

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projection

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A mechanism whereby one unconsciously attributes one's won thoughts and attitudes (usually negative or unpleasant) to others as a means of dealing with a sense of guilt or inadequacy.

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psyche

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A vague term roughly equivalent to "mind." Pronounced "psy-key." Do not confuse with the slang term psych (psychiatry or psychology).

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psychiatrist

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A physician who practices psychiatry, the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

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psychoanalyst

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A mental health professional (psychiatrist or clinical psychologist) who practices psycho-analysis, a form of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Psychoanalysis seeks to uncover deep-seated (subconscious) sources of mental illness through free association, hypnotism, dream interpretation and other techniques.

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psychodrama

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A type of group therapy in which clients resolve conflicts and distressing emotional states by acting out their fantasies and fears in the setting of a dramatic performance before and audience of fellow clients.

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psychologist

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A person with academic training in psychology, the branch of science devoted to the study of the mind and its functions. A clinical psychologist specializes in mental disorders and may be licensed as a counselor or psychotherapist.

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psychosis

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a mental disorder in which, in addition to emotional distress, the patient experiences a break with reality, manifested by delusions, hallucinations and grossly bizarre or socially inappropriate behavior.

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psychotherapist

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A health professional trained to diagnose and treat mental disorders without the use of drugs.

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rational therapy

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A form of treatment in which mental disorders, which are thought to result from misinformation, wrong belief systems, and distorted logic, are improved by the therapists use of direct, positive teaching and advice.

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rationalization

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A mental process of justifying some acts or omission through logical reasoning or argumentation, usually as a means of reducing feelings of guilt or inadequacy.

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reality testing

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an individuals ability to perceive reality as it is, not as distorted by abnormal thought processes, disorders of perception, delusions, or hallucinations.

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repression

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The mental process of thrusting out of consciousness impulses or desires that are perceived as incompatible with one's own standards or sense of fitness, and that therefore generate unpleasant emotions; repressed material occupies a large part of the subconscious.

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subconscious (mind)

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Elements of one's personality (feelings, attitudes, prejudices, desires, behavior patterns) of which one is unaware; a general and somewhat vague term including but not always identical to what Freud called the unconscious.

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suicidal ideation

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thoughts of committing suicide as a relief from mental distress, without actual attempts at suicide.

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sublimation

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Diversion of sexual energy or impulses into higher or more socially acceptable activities.

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tangentiality

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A disorder of thinking characterized by the tendency to digress from one topic to another in speech ("to go off on a tangent") or to give oblique or irrelevant answers to questions; indicative of loosened associations, and a cardinal feature of schizophrenia.

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therapist

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One who treats; in mental health administering psychotherapy.

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titrate

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To adjust the dosage of a drug up or down to maintain maximum effectiveness or to reduce side effects.

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transferrence

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the development, on the part of the client, of an emotional bond (positive or negative ) with the therapist.

Chapter 6: Psychiatry (Medical Office Transcription) – Flashcards

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