Chapter 6: Drug Use and Abuse – Flashcards
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The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of
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Drinks, such as coca wine
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Dr. W. S. Halsted, the "father of American surgery," experimented with cocaine's ability to produce
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local anesthesia
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Which famous physician studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression?
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Sigmund Freud
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What did the 1914 Harrison Act do?
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Taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium
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Most illicit cocaine in the U.S. is powder cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride), which is
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too stable to be smoked
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The passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act
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Came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media
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What is cocaine still used for medically?
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It is used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries.
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When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injection
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They will readily self-administer it
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Cocaine use during pregnancy now appears to be associated with
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No consistent negative associations with physical growth, test scores, or language in children
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Illicit cocaine comes to the U.S. primarily from
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South America
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Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma huang. That chemical is
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Ephedrine
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Which of these was NOT one of the early medical uses for amphetamine first studied in the 1930's?
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Treating anxiety
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During World War II, amphetamines
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Were used to decrease fatigue by several nations' militaries
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Illicit use of intravenous amphetamines first became a big public concern in
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the 1960's
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Crystal meth refers to
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Methamphetamine crystals, which may be smoked
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Studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines have focused mainly on
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Release of norepinephrine and dopamine
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Which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression
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Amphetamines are never used because of their abuse potential
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The effect of amphetamines on weight control:
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Is real, but small and limited in duration
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Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are characteristics of
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ADHD
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Paranoid psychosis can be produced by
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High doses of amphetamines
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Sigmund Freud was always opposed to the use of cocaine for treating psychiatric conditions
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False
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Some of the emotional justification for the 1914 Harrison Act can be found in a New York Times article from that year, called "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern Menace"
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True
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Crack cocaine is a very stable form of the drug also known as cocaine hydrochloride
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False
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Although National Survey on Drug Use and Health data indicates greater prevalence of illicit drug use among white Americans, black Americans represented more than 80 percent of those arrested for
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Violation of federal crack cocaine laws
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Cocaine's effects in the brain
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Result from blocking serotonin reuptake. Result from blocking dopamine reuptake. Result from blocking norepinephrine reuptake. (All of the Above)
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One of the more disturbing side effects of treating ADHD with amphetamines or methylphenidate (Ritalin) is
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Decreased height and weight gains in children
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The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by
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Insufflation (snorting)
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The ability of stimulants to improve mental performance
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Depends on the complexity of the task and the dose
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Cocaethylene
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is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together
