Chapter 6: Cognitive development approaches – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Nathan and Sara are eating granola bars. Sara breaks her bar in half. Nathan gets upset because Sara has two granola bars. Nathan has not developed the concept of
answer
Conservation
question
Nine-year-old AJ enjoys participating in organized sports. He is developing an idea of belonging to a team. AJ's concept of being a team member is an example of a(n)
answer
Scheme
question
"Following the homecoming game, a group of senior high school students drank a lot of alcohol. After that, they still insisted that they could drive home themselves without any problem. This behavior is an example of "
answer
dander invulnerability
question
"According to Schaie (1977), as young adults begin working, cognitive development switches from "
answer
acquiring to applying knowledge
question
Which of Piaget's stages lasts from birth to about 2 years of age?
answer
sensorimotor
question
Which of the following do Neo-Piagetians argue should have more emphasis in cognitive developmental theory?
answer
attention, memory, and strategy
question
"Trent watches his mother hide a block under one of two cups and lifts the correct cup to retrieve the block. When his mother hides the block under the other cup, he still lifts the original cup to search for the block. Trent has demonstrated a(n "
answer
A-not-B error
question
Eventually children learn not to put everything in their mouths. This is an example of
answer
accommodation
question
"Animism and egocentrism represent limitations in the preoperational child's thinking, because they indicate an inability to "
answer
distinguish among different perspectives
question
"Tim understands that cars are vehicles. Later, he hears others refer to buses, trucks, or ships as vehicles, and starts to call them vehicles, too. This change is an example of "
answer
accommodation
question
"Todd knows that he is taller than the person in front of him and shorter than the person behind him. Based on that knowledge, he concludes that the person behind him must be taller than the person in front of him. This is an example showing that Todd understands ________. "
answer
transitivity
question
"When self-talk becomes second nature to children and they can act without verbalizing, they have begun to use "
answer
inner speech
question
Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by
answer
a heightened self-conciousness
question
Sophie feels that her parents can never understand the psychological sufferings she is experiencing. This could be an example of
answer
a personal fable
question
"When the mother puts the nipple into the mouth of 3-week-old Kierra, she starts sucking. This is an example of which sensorimotor substage?
answer
simple reflexes
question
"Gabbi holds a piece of plastic toy, starts to produce the chewing action repeatedly, and says I m eating fish. Gabbi is in which sensorimotor substage? "
answer
coordination of secondary circular reactions tertiary circular reactions
question
Madeline leaves her 3-month-old son with a childcare provider. Piaget would argue that Madeline's son does not miss Madeline because he has not developed
answer
object permanence
question
"While preparing his science project, Carlos systematically tests his best guess on his subject and draws conclusions from the results. What thinking process is he engaged in? "
answer
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
question
"Piaget labeled his second stage preoperational, because children at this stage "
answer
cannot yet perform operations mentally that they are able to do physically
question
"Some theorists have pieced together descriptions of a fifth stage of cognitive development, labeled "
answer
postformal
question
Which of the following teaching methods would a Piagetian science teacher employ?
answer
with general instructions, students design and complete their own science projects and report on findings
question
"According to Vygotsky, the range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone, but that can be learned with guidance and assistance, is "
answer
the zone of proximal development
question
"Daniel is confused when his mother prompts him to say hello to a person he doesn't know, because he understands the ""don't talk to strangers"" rule. Daniel experiences cognitive _________. "
answer
disequilibrium
question
Five-year-old Marta draws a picture of a boat on the ocean at sunset. Marta is showing evidence of
answer
symbolic function
question
"Baby Dennis sees a ball on the floor. He picks it up, looks at it carefully, and then bangs it on the ground. He picks it up again, holds it over his head, and drops it. Then, he picks it up and throws it. Dennis continues playing for several minutes. Dennis is in which of Piaget's sensorimotor substages? "
answer
tertiary circular reactions
question
"Piaget's theory of development centered on children s actions and interaction with the physical world, while Vygotsky's focused on "
answer
social interaction
question
Halene is sure that all her classmates are staring at her new haircut. This is an example of
answer
an imaginary audience
question
"According to Piaget, what is a child's motivation for change? "
answer
an internal search for quilibrium
question
"Angie asks her grandmother over the phone, ""Do you like the color of my new shirt that I'm wearing now?"" This is an example of "
answer
egocentrism
question
"Brent talks himself through his math calculation homework, particularly when he does hard questions. This can be an example of "
answer
private speech
question
"Julio is able to put 5 numbers in the correct order as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. This shows that Julie understands the concept of "
answer
seriation
question
A kindergarten teacher instructs parent volunteers to take a Piagetian approach when interacting with his students during learning center time. He recommends the volunteers
answer
provide a setting where children can explore and learn by doing things themselves
question
The cognitive process of assimilation occurs when individuals
answer
use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences
question
Breanne is learning to walk. She can take a few steps if she walks by herself, but she can walk across the room if a parent holds her hands. The parent s hand holding is an example of ________
answer
scaffolding
question
Piaget argues that the initial development of formal operations is largely dominated by _____.
answer
adaptation?
question
The belief in the permanence of certain attributes of objects or situations despite superficial changes is called
answer
conservation
question
"Jillian feels like she is the center of attention and acts as though she were ""on stage."" This way of thinking is known as
answer
the imaginary audience
question
"According to William Perry, compared to adolescent thinking, adult thinking is "
answer
reflective and relativistic
question
"Janie is exhausting her father with a barrage of ""why"" questions. She is trying to figure out why things are the way they are. Janie is in Piaget's "
answer
intuitive thought substage
question
Marni thinks about how the world could be if everyone took more personal responsibility for the environment. Marni is in which of Piaget's stages?
answer
formal operational
question
Which of the following characterizes the concrete operational stage?
answer
logic replaces intuition if it can be applied to a visible example
question
What did Vygotsky believe about the development of thought and language?
answer
children develop through social interactions
question
"Devin plays in the sand for the first time. Instead of digging in it, he tries to scoop and throw it, just like he plays with water in his bathtub. This is an example of "
answer
assimilation
question
"Mrs. Marsden hears a student arranging story cards. ""Hmm, I think this one goes first and next is that one. No, maybe that one."" She is witnessing the student's "
answer
private speech for problem solving
question
Karl covers his stuffed toys before bedtime to make sure they are not cold. This is an example of
answer
animism
question
What is the main difference between a reflex and a habit?
answer
do not require an eliciting stimulus, reflexes do
question
"Ideas about categories of people, events, objects, or ideas are called"
answer
concepts
question
Andrea is worried that she will forget to take her antibiotic prescription three times daily. Andrea feels her _____ memory is weak.
answer
executive attention
question
"Jinni finds certain concepts from her human development class easy to remember, because she is able to associate the information with many of her own childhood experiences. What memory strategy is she using?"
answer
explicit
question
"While Leah makes decisions and solves problems on a science experiment, she is manipulating and assembling new information. The manipulation and assembling of new information uses _____."
answer
strategy construction
question
Dallas no longer has to think about each letter in a word as he is reading. This skill is becoming more automatic, because Dallas"
answer
automaticity
question
When Derek writes his autobiography, he can just concentrate on recalling the events he experienced in the past, without thinking about the keystrokes he needs to hit. He uses _____ in recalling the past events, and ______ in hitting the right keystroke."
answer
explicit memory; automacity
question
"One-year-old Harry's mother looks outside at a large dog passing by. Harry notices that his mother is looking at the dog, and starts to look at the dog, too. This is an example of"
answer
joint attention
question
Ninety-year-old Ben enjoys talking about growing up on a corn farm in Illinois. Given his age, Ben's episodic memory is likely to be"
answer
great
question
Which processes are required for effective information processing?
answer
encoding, storage, and retrieval
