Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology – Flashcards
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Which of the following is part of the cranium?
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Occiput
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A condition that reduces the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells is:
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anemia
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Which glands produce the oil that collects on the surface of the skin?
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Sebaceous
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Why is it critical to manage swelling of the pediatric patient's airway?
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Because of the small diameter of the pediatric airway
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The flap of tissue that is responsible for protecting the windpipe during swallowing is called the:
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epiglottis
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The thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads are part of the:
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endocrine system.
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Which of the following structures is part of the digestive system?
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Gall bladder
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If oxygen is not present in sufficient supply, the body will shift to:
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anaerobic metabolism.
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Which of the following is TRUE about respiratory anatomy in infants and children?
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The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space than an adult's.
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The cervical spine is formed by:
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the first seven vertebrae.
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Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach?
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Esophagus
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What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?
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Radius
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Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?
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Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
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Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?
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Kidney
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Which of the following is the only movable bone of the face?
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Mandible
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The bone most commonly fractured with a "broken hip" is the:
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femur
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Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large meal?
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Pancreas
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What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum?
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Xiphoid process
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What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?
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Cervical and lumbar
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What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of reproduction?
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Reproduction system
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Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?
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Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
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Physiology is the study of:
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body systems.
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In relation to anatomy, the term topography means:
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external landmarks of body structures.
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What two body systems are critical for the life support chain?
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Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
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What system produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions?
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Endocrine system
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What causes the "seesaw" breathing pattern of young children?
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They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
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In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated?
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At the groin
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What is the largest bone of the lower leg?
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Tibia
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An artery is a blood vessel that only:
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carries blood away from the heart.
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Which component of blood is responsible for forming clotting factors to stop bleeding?
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Platelets
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Which of the following is NOT part of the upper extremities?
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Calcaneus
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Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?
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Inhalation
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What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?
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Oxygen and glucose
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The "fight-or-flight" response is activated by the:
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sympathetic nervous system.
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What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli?
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Capillaries
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Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?
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Endocrine
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Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing?
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Epiglottis
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Which of the following structures do NOT form part of the thorax?
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Ischium
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What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?
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Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
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Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
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Automaticity
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Which of the following is NOT part of the lower extremity?
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Carpals
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You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?
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Coronary arteries
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What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm?
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Humerus
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What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart?
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Left ventricle
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The two major portions of the skull are the:
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cranium and face.
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A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
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Platelets
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The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
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systolic
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Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?
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Spleen
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A child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult's.
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tongue
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Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?
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Plasma
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What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
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Pulmonary artery
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Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?
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A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
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Which layer of the skin is exposed to the environment?
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Epidermis
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The lower jaw bone is also known as the:
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mandible.
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What is the large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?
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Ilium
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At which of the following locations could you palpate a malleolus?
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Ankle
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What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
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Smooth
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What are the small bones that make up the wrist called?
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Carpals
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What is another name for the shoulder blade?
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Scapula
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What is another name for the eye socket?
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Orbit
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The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.
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dorsalis pedis
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Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column?
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Cervical spine
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Which of the following is a function of the skin?
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Balancing water in the body Regulation of body temperature Protection from the environment
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Which of the following are the components of the nervous system?
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Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae?
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Right atrium
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The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
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Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
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Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?
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Fat
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What is NOT one of the primary organs for the female reproductive system?
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Urethra
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Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?
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Capillaries
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What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another bone?
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Ligament
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This type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons.
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Skeletal
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The anatomical differences between the pediatric and adult airways require that:
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specific considerations be taken in treating the infant for respiratory issues.
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One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen is:
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lactic acid.
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The proximal end of the ulna helps to form the:
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elbow
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The only movable part of the skull is the:
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mandible.
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Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known as:
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shock
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The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation involves:
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the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
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Compared to adults, the infant's ribs are:
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more flexible.
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What are the small sacs in the lungs called where the exchange of gases takes place?
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Alveoli.
