Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology – Flashcards
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Which of the following is part of the​ cranium?
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Occiput
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A condition that reduces the number of​ oxygen-carrying red blood cells​ is:
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anemia
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Which glands produce the oil that collects on the surface of the​ skin?
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Sebaceous
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Why is it critical to manage swelling of the pediatric​ patient's airway?
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Because of the small diameter of the pediatric airway
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The flap of tissue that is responsible for protecting the windpipe during swallowing is called​ the:
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epiglottis
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The thyroid​ gland, adrenal​ glands, and gonads are part of​ the:
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endocrine system.
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Which of the following structures is part of the digestive​ system?
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Gall bladder
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If oxygen is not present in sufficient​ supply, the body will shift​ to:
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anaerobic metabolism.
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Which of the following is TRUE about respiratory anatomy in infants and​ children?
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The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space than an​ adult's.
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The cervical spine is formed​ by:
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the first seven vertebrae.
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Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the​ stomach?
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Esophagus
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What is the bone on the thumb side of the​ forearm?
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Radius
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Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?
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Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
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Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?
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Kidney
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Which of the following is the only movable bone of the​ face?
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Mandible
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The bone most commonly fractured with a​ "broken hip" is​ the:
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femur
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Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large​ meal?
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Pancreas
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What is the​ inferior-most portion of the​ sternum?
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Xiphoid process
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What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?
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Cervical and lumbar
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What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of​ reproduction?
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Reproduction system
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Which of the following is the primary function of the​ stomach?
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Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
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Physiology is the study​ of:
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body systems.
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In relation to​ anatomy, the term topography​ means:
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external landmarks of body structures.
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What two body systems are critical for the life support chain​?
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Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
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What system produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and​ functions?
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Endocrine system
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What causes the​ "seesaw" breathing pattern of young​ children?
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They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
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In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse​ palpated?
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At the groin
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What is the largest bone of the lower​ leg?
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Tibia
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An artery is a blood vessel that​ only:
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carries blood away from the heart.
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Which component of blood is responsible for forming clotting factors to stop​ bleeding?
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Platelets
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Which of the following is NOT part of the upper​ extremities?
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Calcaneus
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Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of​ muscles?
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Inhalation
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What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism​?
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Oxygen and glucose
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The​ "fight-or-flight" response is activated by​ the:
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sympathetic nervous system.
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What type of blood vessels surround the​ alveoli?
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Capillaries
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Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?
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Endocrine
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Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during​ swallowing?
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Epiglottis
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Which of the following structures do NOT form part of the​ thorax?
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Ischium
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What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to​ hemorrhage?
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Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
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Which of the following terms describes the heart​ muscle's ability to generate its own electrical​ impulses?
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Automaticity
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Which of the following is NOT part of the lower​ extremity?
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Carpals
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You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?
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Coronary arteries
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What is the long bone of the upper portion of the​ arm?
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Humerus
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What is the strongest and most muscular part of the​ heart?
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Left ventricle
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The two major portions of the skull are​ the:
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cranium and face.
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A clot cannot form without which of the following blood​ components?
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Platelets
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The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.
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systolic
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Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?
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Spleen
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A​ child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an​ adult's.
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tongue
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Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the​ body?
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Plasma
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What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the​ lungs?
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Pulmonary artery
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Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of​ shock?
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A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
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Which layer of the skin is exposed to the​ environment?
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Epidermis
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The lower jaw bone is also known as​ the:
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mandible.
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What is the​ large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the​ pelvis?
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Ilium
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At which of the following locations could you palpate a​ malleolus?
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Ankle
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What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?
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Smooth
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What are the small bones that make up the wrist​ called?
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Carpals
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What is another name for the shoulder​ blade?
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Scapula
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What is another name for the eye​ socket?
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Orbit
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The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the​ ________ pulse.
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dorsalis pedis
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Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have​ rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a​ 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter​ on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal​ column?
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Cervical spine
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Which of the following is a function of the​ skin?
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Balancing water in the body Regulation of body temperature Protection from the environment
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Which of the following are the components of the nervous​ system?
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​Brain, spinal​ cord, and nerves
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Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena​ cavae?
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Right atrium
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The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following​ mechanisms?
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Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
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Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal​ system?
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Fat
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What is NOT one of the primary organs for the female reproductive​ system?
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Urethra
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Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the​ body?
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Capillaries
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What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another​ bone?
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Ligament
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This type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons.
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Skeletal
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The anatomical differences between the pediatric and adult airways require​ that:
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specific considerations be taken in treating the infant for respiratory issues.
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One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen​ is:
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lactic acid.
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The proximal end of the ulna helps to form​ the:
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elbow
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The only movable part of the skull is​ the:
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mandible.
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Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known​ as:
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shock
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The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation​ involves:
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the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
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Compared to​ adults, the​ infant's ribs​ are:
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more flexible.
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What are the small sacs in the lungs called where the exchange of gases takes​ place?
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Alveoli.
