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The passing on of traits from parent to offspring

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Heredity

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The study of heredity

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Genetics

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Different forms of a trait that a gene may have

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Alleles

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Describes a trait that covers over another from of that trait

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Dominant

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Describes a trait that is covered over by another from or that trait and seems to disappear

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Recessive

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A tool used to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring. It also shows the different ways alleles can combine.

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Punnett Square

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An offspring that was given different genetic information information for a trait from each parent

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Hybrid

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The genetic makeup of an organism

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Genotype

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Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype

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Phenotype

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Describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait

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Homozygous

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Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait

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Heterozygous

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Production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents

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Incomplete dominance

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Occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height

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Polygenic inheritance

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An allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia

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Sex-linked gene

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Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene's DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions

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Genetic engineering

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The outward appearance of a trait is a(n) _________.

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Phenotype

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Human height, eye color, and skin color are all traits controlled by _______.

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Polygenic inheritance

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________is the science that deals with the study of heredity.

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Genetics

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The actual combination of alleles of an organism is its ______.

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Genotype

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_____is moving fragments of DNA from one organism and inserting them into another organism.

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Genetic engineering

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A(n) ______is a helpful device for predicting the probabilities of possible genotypes.

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Punnett Square

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______is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

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Heredity

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Red-green color blindness is a human genetic disorder caused by a(n) _________.

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Sex-linked gene

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Which describes the allele that causes color blindness? a. Dominant b. Carried on the Y chromosome c. Carried on the X chromosome d. Present only in males

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c. Carried on the X chromosome

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__________ studies how traits are inherited though the interactions of alleles. a. Genetics b. Mitosis c. Probability d. Regeneration

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a. Genetics

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Which process separates chromosomes? a. Meiosis b. Pedigree c. Inheritance d. Chemosynthesis

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a. Meiosis

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Which topic in mathematics did Mendel use to help explain heredity? a. Algebra b. Calculus c. Probability d. Geometry

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c. Probability

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Which of these is an organism that produces the same traits in every generation? a. A purebred b. A hybrid c. a pea plant d. A chromosome

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a. A purebred

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__________ is the process Mendel used to pollinate flowers of short plants with pollen from tall plants. a. Polygenic inheritance b. Genetics c. Cross-pollination d. Mitosis

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c. Cross-pollination

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Which is a tool that is used to predict genetic crosses? a. A slide rule b. A tally sheet c. A Venn diagram d. A Punnett square

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d. A Punnett square

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Mendel's pea plants were __________ for the tall-dominant trait. a. Heterozygous b. Pedigrees c. Homozygous d. Variable

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c. Homozygous

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Which of these describes how an organism looks? a. Its probability b. Its phenotype c. Its hybrid d. Its zygosity

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b. Its phenotype

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Where are the alleles for each parent written when using a Punnett square? a. Across the top and along the side of the grid b. In the top two squares of the grid c. In the bottom two squares of the grid d. Only at the bottom of the grid

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a. Across the top and along the side of the grid

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_________ is the production of a phenotype that is between two homozygous parents. a. A sex-linked gene b. A hybrid c. Genetic engineering d. Incomplete dominance

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d. Incomplete dominance

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A person with phenotype O blood has how many possible genotypes? a. 6 b. 1 c. 3 d. 2

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b. 1

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Blood types in humans are an example of traits controlled by __________. a. Multiple alleles b. Offspring c. Only homozygous parents d. Pedigree

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a. Multiple alleles

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A person with phenotype A blood has how many possible genotypes? a) 2 b) 1 c) 6 d) 3

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a. 2

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What influences whether the gene for brightly colored feathers is expressed in a bird? a) External influences b) Incomplete dominance c) Chromosome disorders d) Internal influences

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d. Internal influences

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Which of these is a trait that is produced by a combination of multiple genes? a) Incomplete dominance b) Recessive alleles c) Polygenic inheritance d) DNA

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c. Polygenic inheritance

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Which is true of mutations in DNA? a) All mutations are beneficial to an organism. b) A mutation might have no effect on an organism. c) All mutations are harmful to an organism. d) Mutations have no effect on an organism.

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b. A mutation might have no effect on an organism.

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Which pair of chromosomes produces a female offspring? a. A female Y chromosome and a male Y chromosome. b. A female Y chromosome and a male X chromosome. c. A female X chromosome and a male X chromosome. d. A female X chromosome and a male Y chromosome.

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c. A female X chromosome and a male X chromosome.

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Which of these is usually the cause of human genetic disorders? a. Mucus b. Genetic engineering c. Recessive genes d. Incomplete dominance

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c. Recessive genes

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Which pair of chromosome produces a male offspring? a. A female Y chromosome and a male Y chromosome. b. A female X chromosome and a male X chromosome. c. A female X chromosome and a male Y chromosome. d. A female Y chromosome and a male X chromosome.

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c. A female X chromosome and a male Y chromosome.

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Which of these is the result of an extra chromosome? a. Down's syndrome b. Color blindness c. Smallpox d. Influenza

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a. Down's syndrome

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Which of these describe the allele that causes color blindness? a. Dominant b. Carried on the X chromosome c. Carried on the Y chromosome d. Present only in males

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b. carried on the X chromosome

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__________ is one type of genetic engineering, where a normal allele is placed into a virus. a. A color blind test b. Down's syndrome c. Gene therapy d. Polygenic inheritance

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c. Gene therapy

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Which of these is used to improve the phenotype of plants? a. Recombinant DNA b. Mitosis c. Chromosome disorders d. Selective breeding

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d. Selective breeding

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Human insulin can be produced by introducing DNA from one organism into a _______. a. Virus b. Plant c. Vaccine d. Bacterium

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d. Bacterium

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_______ is one method of genetic engineering in which a useful segment of DNA from one organism is inserted into a bacterium. a. Gene therapy b. Recombinant DNA c. Selective breeding d. Cloning

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b. Recombinant DNA

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Which is a genetic disorder that gene therapy may correct? a. Type I diabetes b. Tetnus c. AIDS d. Cystic fibrosis

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d. Cystic fibrosis

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A pure bred red-flowering plant and a pure bred white-flowering plant cross. The offspring produce pink flowers. What pattern of inheritance is this? a. Complete dominance b. Polygenic inheritance c. Incomplete dominance d. Multiple alleles

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c. Incomplete dominance

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Blood type in humans is an example of a. Polygenic inheritance. b. Incomplete dominance. c. Sex-linked inheritance. d. Multiple alleles.

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d. Multiple alleles

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An allele carried on a Y chromosome will affect a. All of the female offspring. b. Some of the male and female offspring. c. All of the male offspring. d. None of the offspring.

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c. All of the male offspring

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What must be true of a person with cystic fibrosis? a. At least one parent was a carrier for cystic fibrosis. b. The mother was a carrier for cystic fibrosis. c. One of the parents had the condition cystic fibrosis. d. Both parents had at least one allele for cystic fibrosis.

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d. Both parents had at least one allele for cystic fibrosis

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Treating genetic disorders by inserting normal alleles into cells is called a. Medelian genetics. b. Gene therapy. c. Polygenic inheritance. d. Pedigree analysis.

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b. Gene therapy

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Recombinant DNA is made by a. Exposing DNA to X rays or radioactive substances. b Causing random mutations to occur during the copying of DNA. c. Inserting a segment of DNA from one organism into a chromosome of another organism. d. Crossing two organisms that are homozygous for a specific trait.

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c. Inserting a segment of DNA from one organism into a chromosome of another organism.

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A chromosome disorder occurs when a. One nitrogen base has been substituted for another. b. A new organism receives more or fewer chromosomes than normal. c. Meiosis fails to occur. d. DNA is not copied correctly during mitosis.

answer

b. A new organism receives more or fewer chromosomes than normal.

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