Chapter 5 Biology Study Guide. – Flashcards
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What is G1?
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Growth
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What is DNA Synthesis?
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Replicating DNA
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What is G2?
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More Growth
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What is Mitosis?
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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase. Chromosomes Condense
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How did G1 and G2 get their names?
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By a gap
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Where does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells?
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Nucleus
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What 2 processes make up the M stage?
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Mitosis and cytokinesis
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What is G0?
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Some cells that are unlikely to divide
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What typically increases faster as a cell grows, surface area or volume?
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Volume (stuff on the inside)
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What is a chromosome?
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One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
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Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis?
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Start of Mitosis, so they can be easily divided between the two nuclei
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Why are chromosomes not condensed during all stages of the cell cycle?
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Don't constantly divide
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How does interphase prepare a cell to divide?
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By duplicating DNA
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Mitosis occurs on what types of cells?
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Body
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What is one phase of Prophase?
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During prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers
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What is one phase of Metaphase?
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Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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What is one phase of Anaphase?
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Sister chromotids seperate
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What is one phase of Telophase?
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New nuclei form, begin to uncoil
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How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
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Plants have a cell wall
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What type of disease may result if cell division is not properly regulated?
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Cancer
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List 3 ways mutations can occur in genes involving in cell-cycle regulation.
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Inherited, Chemicals and radiation, viruses
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What does metastasize mean?
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to spread by transferring a disease caused agent
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If a eukaryotic organism reproduces through mitosis, what is true about the offspring and the parent organism?
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Will be genetically identical
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In what types of organisms is mitotic reproduction most common?
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Simple plants and animals
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List 3 examples of mitotic reproduction.
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Budding-hidra, Fragmentation-splitting, vegatative-potato
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What forms of reproduction does the sea anemone use?
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Both sexual and asexual by braking off
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List 2 examples of tissues found in plants.
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Vascular and photosynthetic
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List 2 examples of organ systems found in plants.
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Shoot and root
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How does an organism benefits from organ systems that work together and communicate?
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Help carry out complex/functions
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What is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells?
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Cell differentiation
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Do different types of cells have different DNA?
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No
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What role does cell location play within a developing embryo?
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Determines how to differentiate
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List 3 identifying characteristics of stem cells.
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Divide and renew themselves, Remain undifferentiated in form, Develop into a variety of specialized cell types
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List one advantage of using adult stem cells and one advantage of using embryonic stem cells.
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May prevent transplant rejection, Grown indefinitely.
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What is cell differentiation?
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Specialized cells
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Write the following in order from biggest to smallest..... cell, organ, organ system, tissue.
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Organ system, Organ, Tissue, Cell
