Chapter 33 Critical Essay – Flashcards
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Archduke Ferdinand
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Was heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. He was assassinated in Sarajevo. And he also started World War I.
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Kaiser Wilheim
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German Emperor during World War I, and was the last German emperor and king of Prussia. He Gave up his throne when he was defeated. So he went into exile.
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T.E. Lawrence
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British colonel fighting in the Middle East, he later became known as "Lawrence of Arabia".
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Mustapha Kemal
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Turkish war hero commanded forces in World War I. Formed an elected government and became president. He also wanted to modernize the country.
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V.I. Lenin
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Led the communist revolution, was the leader of the Bolsheviks, and also ruled Russia.
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Woodrow Wilson
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Was the 28th president of the United States. After World War I this president sought to reduce the risk of war by writing the Fourteen Points that influenced the creation of the League of Nations.
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Dreadnought
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Class of modern battleship launched by Britain before the war. This triggered naval rivalry, especially with Germany.
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Balkan Wars 1912-1913
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From 1912-1913 Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania fought two wars in order to gain possesion of European territories that the Ottoman Empire had. These wars helped to add tension to already stressed circumstances that led to the Great War.
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Allies
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In World War I the alliance of Great Britain and France and Russia and all the other nations that became allied with them in opposing the Central Powers.
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Central Powers
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In World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies.
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Schlieffen plan
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Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I. In this German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia after.
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Gallipoli
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British plan on attacking Constantinople with a naval attack. Ottoman empire fired upon the British leaving 100,000 British dead.
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Bolsheviks
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Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian government during World War I.
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Lusitania
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British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons Amereica decided to join the war.
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Treaty of Versailles
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The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded reparations from the Germans.
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League of Nations
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An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace among the nations.
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Mandate System
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Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision.
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The spark for World War I was provided when Gavrilo Princip assassinated
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Francis Ferdinand.
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The First total war in world history was
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World War I
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The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states was
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self-determination
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The nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to a state such as
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Austria-Hungary
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Slavic cultural unity was actively promoted by
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Russia
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In 1914, England's share of the world's industrial output stood at
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14%, roughly the same as Germany.
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The members of the Triple Alliance were
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Germany, Austria, and Italy
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The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because of
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the inability of the French to forget their humiliating defeat in the Franco- Prussion war
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The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called
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Schlieffen Plan
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The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly
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Wildly enthusiastic
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The German offensive of 1914 was halted at
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The Marne River, the somme
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The western front in World War I was
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A bloody stalemate
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The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was
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Verdun
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The Somme was
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a English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.
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In World War I, the eastern front was
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ultimately a spectacular German success
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THe Twenty-One Demands were issued
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by Japan to China
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The Japanese fought in World War I due to their
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desire to acquire German colonies in Asia
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The last tsar of Russia was
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Nicholas II
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THe main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was
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its inability to satisfy popular demands for an end to the war.
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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ended Russian participation in World War I
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One of the major problems of the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles was
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Russia's absence from negotiations
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Woodrow Wilson agreed to many harsh stipulations to the Treaty of Versailles
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in return for the creation of the League of Nations
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The mandate system
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was little more than a glorified form of imperialism
