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Australia

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Canberra

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Federated States of Micronesia

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Palikir

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Fiji

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Suva

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Kiribati

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Tarawa

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Marshall Islands

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Majuro

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Nauru

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Yaren

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New Zealand

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Wellington

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Palau

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Koror

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Papua New Guinea

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Port Moresby

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Samoa

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Apia

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Solomon Islands

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Honiara

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Tongo

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Nuku'alofa

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Tuvalu

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Funafuti

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Vanuatu

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Port-Vila

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True or False? Australia is both a continent and a country.

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True.

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What hemisphere is Australia located in?

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The Southern hemisphere.

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Australis

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"southern"

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Note: A chain of hills and mountains known as the Great Dividing Range interrupts Australia's otherwise level landscape.

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Note: The Western Plateau, a low expanse of flat land in central and western Australia, covers almost two-thirds of the continent.

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Note: Deserts--Great Sandy, Great Victoria, and Gibson Deserts.

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Note: The Great Dividing Range and Western Plateau are separated by the Central Lowlands.

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Note: The Murray River and the Darling River supply water that supports farming.

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Note: The Great Barrier Reef is locating along Australia's northeastern coast and is the world's largest coral reef.

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Artesian Wells

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Wells from which pressurized water flows to the surface. It is too salty for humans or crops; however, ranchers use it to water livestock.

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Coral

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Limestone skeletons of a tiny sea animal.

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Note: 10% of Australia's land can be farmed.

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Note: Australian farmers make effective use of their land and water to grow wheat. barley, fruit, and sugarcane.

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Note: Australia includes 1/4 (one-fourth) of the world's bauxite. Also, it has most of the world's high-quality opals.

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Note: Oceania was created by colliding tectonic plates millions of years ago, the islands are part of the Ring of Fire, volcanic and earthquake activity.

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Oceania's islands are classified into 3 clusters, based on location, how the islands formed, and the inhabitants' cultures. What are those 3 clusters and describe them.

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Melanesia ("black islands") lies north and east of Australia. Micronesia ("little islands") extend north of Melanesia. Polynesia ("many islands") spans an area larger than both of those clusters (Micronesia and Melanesia).

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Name the 3 island types of Oceania.

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High islands-Tahiti and many islands of Fiji, feature mountain ranges split by valleys that fan out into coastal plains. Volcanic oil on high islands supports some agriculture. Low Islands-Volcanoes shaped many low islands. Low Islands-many of Marshall Islands in Micronesia, ring shaped islands, known as atolls-formed by the buildup of coral reefs on the rim of submerged volcanoes. Atolls encircle lagoons-shallow pools of clear water-and rise a few feet above sea level. Low islands-little soil and few natural resources. Continental Islands-formed by the rising and folding of ancient rock from the ocean floor. Most of Oceania's large islands such as New Guinea and New Caledonia. Volcanoes didn't create these islands. Coastal areas-plains, swamps, and rivers. *Have most of Oceania's mineral deposits.

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New Zealand's two largest islands are?

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North and South Island.

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Note: Mount Ruapehu, which is North Island's highest points.

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Note: Shiny freshwater lakes-Lake Taupo, New Zealand's largest lake.

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Who were New Zealand's earliest inhabitants?

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Maori, who named the highest peak on South Island *Aorangi means "cloud piercer."

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Note: Aorangi is known as Mt. Cook.

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Note: Lowlands called the Canterbury Plains lie on the eastern coast. This land is New Zealand's flattest and most fertile area.

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What is New Zealand's most important resource?

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Its fertile soil greatly benefits the country's economy.

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Note: 55% if the land supports crops and livestock.

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Note: New Zealand's sheep and wool products dominate exports, and its forests yield valuable timber. The country's rivers and dams produce abundant hydroelectric power.

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How is Geothermal energy formed?

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Geothermal energy is provided by water heated underground by volcanoes.

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Note: Fish in the warmer tropical currents-Tuna, marlin, and sharks. On the other hand, fish in the cold Antarctica currents have cod and hake.

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Note: Antarctica lies beneath a massive ice cap. *Covers 98%.

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What is krill?

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Shrimp-like animal eaten by some whales.

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What group of people would be most affected if Australia's artesian wells dried up? Why?

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Ranchers-it is because it is too salty for humans or crops; however, ranchers use it to water livestock.

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Identify similarities and differences between New Zealand's two main islands and a high island such as Tahiti.

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They are both islands with high islands, such as mountains, coastal plains, and active volcanoes. They are different because New Zealand's islands are larger and support more people.

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To which island does Papua New Guinea belong to?

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Melanesia.

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Note: Subtropical high-pressure air masses block moisture-laden Pacific Ocean winds from reaching the Western Plateau, Australia's large interior desert area.

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Note: An area of milder steppe climate encircles Australia's desert region. Here, regular rainfall brings vegetation such as eucalyptus and acacia trees and small shrubs to life. Saplings of acacia tree were used to make wattle-a strong, interwoven wooden framework used for building homes.

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Note: Rain only falls during the wet season. *Annual rainfall ranges from 10 to 20 inches, so short grasses, ideal fro grazing, also grow here.

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Note: Australia's coastal areas have a variety of moister climates. *supports most of Australia's agriculture.

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Note: Because much of Oceania lies between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, most islands have a tropical rain forest climate.

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Note: Pacific ocean winds cool atolls and the windward sides of higher islands.

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Note: Oceania's dry season features cloudless blue skies often seen in travel advertisements, but the wet season brings constant rain and high humidity.

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Note: Low islands get little rainfall, but larger landmasses of high islands give off warm, moisture-laden air. When the air rises and mixes with cool ocean breezes, heavy rains fall.

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Note: Shrubs and grasses grow on dry, low islands, but coconut palms and other trees appear on islands with more rainfall.

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Note: North Islands central plateau is warm and sunny during the summer, but mountain tops may have now year-round.

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Doldrums

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A generally windless area, which occupies a narrow band near the Equator where opposing ocean currents meet.

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Typhoons

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Violent storms that form over Pacific waters.

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What climate is found in most of New Zealand?

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A marine west coast climate.

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Note: Ocean winds warm the land in winter and cool it in summer, preventing temperature extremes.

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Note: New Zealand's geographic isolation gives rise to unique plant life. Almost 90% of the country's indigenous plants are native only to New Zealand.

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Manuka

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A small shrub that grows in New Zealand, which carpets land where prehistoric volcano eruptions destroyed ancient forests.

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Note: Antarctica is the earth's highest, driest, windiest, and coldest continent. Air loses moisture as it rises over Antarctica's plateau, making the plateau drier than Australia's deserts, but much colder.

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Note: In rocky areas along the coasts, tiny sturdy plants called lichens thrive.

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Note: The Antarctic Peninsula lies in a tundra climate zone. Antarctica's ice is not motionless, even though it is frozen. The cap's tremendous weight causes the frozen mass to spread toward the coasts. As it moves, the ice breaks into pieces, causing huge crevasses, or cracks.

answer

n

question

What type of climate does most of New Zealand have?

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Marine west coast climate. It may appeal to settlers due to the ocean winds warming the land in winter and cooling it during the summer, preventing temperature extremes.

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What problems might researchers encounter in Antarctica, and how could these conditions be overcome?

answer

It is earth's highest, driest, windiest, and coldest continent. All I have to say is to bring some REALLY warm clothes with you.

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How do Pacific ocean currents and winds affect the climate of Oceania? How do they affect vegetation?

answer

Pacific ocean waters cool atolls (coral island) and windward side of higher island. The warm and cold fronts meet to form heavy rain, and where there is heavy rain; there are rain forests.

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What type of vegetation is suitable for raising livestock, and where in Australia is it found?

answer

Grasslands--it is found circling the interior deserts.

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What formation lies just off Australia's northeastern coast?

answer

The Great Barrier Reef.

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Name the 3 types of islands that are found in Oceania.

answer

High islands, low islands, and continental islands.

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What is New Zealand's main natural resource?

answer

Its fertile soil.

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List the local resources that help to meet New Zealand's energy needs.

answer

Hydroelectric power and geothermal energy.

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What climate supports most of Australia's agricultural lands?

answer

Humid subtropical.

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Describe the factor that prevents temperature extremes in New Zealand.

answer

Ocean winds warm land in the winter and cool it in the the summer.

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What causes the motion of the Antarctic ice cap?

answer

The weight of the ice cap.

Chapter 32 Geography: Antarctica, Australia, and Oceania. – Flashcards

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