Chapter 3: The Baroque Period – Flashcards

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Most revolutionary period
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Early Baroque
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Early Baroque characterized by
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Homophonic texture
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Middle Baroque characterized by
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Diffusion of style in every corner of Europe
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Keyboard instrument sound produced by brass blades striking strings
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Clavacord
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Most characteristic feature of baroque music
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basso continuo
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Terraced dynamics
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sudden change between loud and soft
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ordinary citizens opportunities for hearing music came from
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church
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King of prussia
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Fredrick the great
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Fredrick the great was a
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flutist, composer, and general
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In italy, music schools were connected with
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orphanages
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Music director of a court in Baroque period
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supervised and directed performances, composed much music for performances, and responsible for upkeep of instruments and library
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Large courts during period employ about x performers
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80
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Small group of soloists pitted against larger group in a
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concerto grosso
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structure of concerto grosso consists of x movements
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3
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ritornello is a
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refrain
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in ritornello form
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tutti and solo sections alternate
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in concerto grosso, second movement is most often
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quickest and most lyrical
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polyphonic composition based on theme of
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fugue
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In many figures, subject of one voice is accompanied by x in another
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countersubject
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when second voice presents subject on different scale step, it is called the
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answer
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in the x, the subject is imitated before it is completed
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stretto
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subject can be turned upside down in procedure called
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inversion
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text of an opera
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libretto
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this soprano has a very high range and can execute rapid scales and trills
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coloratura
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the x tenor has a powerful voice and is capable of heroic expression
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dramatic
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vocal line in opera that imitates speech
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recitative
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instrumental composition that opens the opera and sets dramatic mood
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overtune
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most early operas based on greek mythology and
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ancient history
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members of camerata wanted to create new vocal style based on
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music of the ancient greek tragedies
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typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer
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was expected to embellish (make more attractive) the returning melody with ornamental tones
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first opera house in Europe to offer anyone with price of admission opened in
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venice
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members of camerata wanted vocal line of their music to follow
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rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech
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speech like melody accompanied by only a basso continuo is called
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secco recitative
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Monteverdi spent greater part of his carrer in most important church post in Italy, that of
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St. Mark's, Venice
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To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used x with freedom and daring
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dissonance
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In "Orfeo" Orpheus goes to hades in hopes of bringing x back to life
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eurydice
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remember that this statement is not true
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all twelve of monteverdis operas are regularly performed in europe
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to evoke angry and warlike feelings, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including pizzicato and
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tremolo
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Monteverdi's vocal music was ordinarily supported by a x and other instruments
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basso continuo
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a common variation form in baroque is the
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ground bass or basso continuo
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Dido and Aeneas, which many consider the finest opera ever written to an english text, was inspired by
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Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid
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indication of the claim given by Purcell can be seen from the fact that he is buried in
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Weatminster Abbey
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Baroque trio sonatas usually involve x performers
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4
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the sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for
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one to eight instruments
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which baroque sonata was intended for church performance
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sonata da chiesa
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Corelli's trio sonata in minor, op. 3, no. 10 is scored for
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2 violins and a basso continuo
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characteristic of baroque trio sonatas, the second movement of corelli's Trio Sonata is
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fuguelike
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orlli was unique among italian baroque somposers in that he wrote
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only instrumental music
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vavaldi is closely identified with musical life of
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venice
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vavaldi wrote x amount of concertos
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450
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vavaldi wrote concertos for what reason
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for a variety of instruments
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vavaldi was famous as a virtuoso
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violinist
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vavaldis "la primavera" musically depicts
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spring
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bach achieves unity of mood in his compositions by using
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an insistent of rhythmic drive
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of bach's twenty children, x number of them went on to become well known composers
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4
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bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except
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opera
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bacs personal music style was drawn from
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italian concertos, french dance pieces, german church music (all of the above)
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baroque suites frequently begin with a
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french overtune
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although all movements of a baroque suite are written in the same key, they differ in
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meter, tempo, national origin
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what is not part of baroque suite
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waltz
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the various dances of the baroque suite are usually
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in AABB form
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the french overture has
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two sections: slow-fast
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the x is an instrumental composition based on a chorale
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chorale prelude
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in bachs day, the lutheran church service lasted about x hours
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4
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the x is a lutheran congregational hymm tune
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chlorale
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in their use of aria, duet, and recitative, bachs's cantatas closely reembled the x of the time
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operas
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a sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the
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cantata
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oratorios first appeared in
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italy
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the first oratorios were based on
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stories from the bible
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oratorio differs from opera in that it has no
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acting, scenery, or costumes
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in oratorio, the story is carried forward by the
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narrators recitatives
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an element of the oratorio that is especially important to the participate in the drama is the
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chorus
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george frideric handel was born in what year
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1685
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george frideric handel was born the same year as
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johann sebastian bach
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Handels' core output is english oratorios and Italian
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operas
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handels Messiah is an example of
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an oratorio
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Handel spent the major portion of his life in
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England
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Which is not by Handel
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Elijah
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The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the
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chorus
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